New tools for detecting insecticide New tools for detecting insecticide ...
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New tools for detecting insecticide New tools for detecting insecticide ...
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New tools for detecting insecticide resistance: future perspective Mark Paine on behalf b h lf off the th VPMT/PQK Groups G
Resistance Monitoring
Usually too late
R i t Resistance d detection t ti methods th d Test
Pros
Cons
Bioassay
Phenotype Standard methodologies
Insectary Resistance high frequency Too late for pre-emptive action Mechanism?
Biochemical
Mechanism Some prediction of cross resistance
Infrastructure Specimens stored frozen Resistance high frequency
Molecular ((PCR,, HOLA,, SSOP)
Dried specimens Exact mechanism Mode of action (CROSS RESISTANCE) q ((EARLY Detect at low freq DETECTION)
Tools for the Future Reduce transmission of mosquito mosquito-borne borne pathogens New Insecticides Decision Support Vector Population Monitoring Tools Insecticide Quantification Kits
Vector Population Monitoring Tool (VPMT) iimproved d resistance i t monitoring it i ttools l th thatt are applicable li bl iin disease endemic countries
Courtesy Brian Sharp
Diagnostics 9 9 9 X
Vector species ID Parasite infection Target-site insensitivity Metabolic resistance
• Knockdown-resistance Bass ett all Malaria B M l i Journal J l 2007; 2007 Mzilahowa M il h ett all 2008 Med Vet Entomo; Ridl et al Malaria Journal 2008
• Acetylcholinesterase Bass et al 2010 Pesticide Biochemisty and Physiology
• GABA receptors Nikou et al (in prep)
• Species identification Bass et al Malaria Journal 2007 Bass et al Acta Tropica 2008
• Plasmodium infection Bass et al Malaria Journal 2008
9R i t 9Resistance genes id identified tifi d A battery of P450s are associated with pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae • CYP6M2 and CYP6P3 are most consistently over expressed 9 They metabolise permethrin and d l deltamethrin h with h roughly hl similar l kinetics k •
These are important markers of resistance and targets for insecticide development .
Prof Lin Field Dr Martin Donnelly Dr Martin Williamson Dr Hilary Ranson Prof Janet Hemingway Dr Chris Bass SNPing/Illumina Dr David Weetman Dr Craig Wilding Keith Steen
y of Crete University Dr John Vontas Dr Dimitra Nikou Evangelia g Morou
Gene expression data Colorado State University Dr Pie Muller Prof Bill Black Dr Emma Warr Dr Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez Enzyme characterization Dr Mark Paine Dr Bradley Stevenson Patricia Pignatelli Dr Andrew Dowd A d St Andy Steven Hanafy Ismail
