Newton's Apple and other Myths about Science. Book · January 2015 with 411 Reads. Publisher: Harvard University Press 2015. Kostas Kampourakis.
NEWTON’S APPLE AND OTHER MYTHS ABOUT SCIENCE Edited by Kostas Kampourakis and Ronald L. Numbers Introduction. Kostas Kampourakis and Ronald L. Numbers MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN SCIENCE: Myth 1: That there was no scientific activity between Greek Antiquity and the Scientific Revolution. Michael H. Shank Myth 2: That before Columbus geographers and other educated people thought the Earth was flat. Lesley B. Cormack Myth 3: That the Copernican Revolution demoted the status of the earth. Michael N. Keas Myth 4: That alchemy and astrology were superstitious pursuits that did not contribute to science and scientific understanding. Lawrence M. Principe Myth 5: That Galileo publicly refuted Aristotle’s conclusions about motion by repeated experiments made from the Campanile of Pisa. John L. Heilbron Myth 6: That the apple fell and Newton invented the law of gravity, thus removing God from the cosmos Patricia Fara NINETEENTH CENTURY: Myth 7: That Friedrich Wöhler’s synthesis of Urea in 1828 destroyed vitalism and gave rise to organic chemistry. Peter J. Ramberg Myth 8: That William Paley raised scientific questions about biological origins that were eventually answered by Charles Darwin. Adam R. Shapiro Myth 9: That 19th-century geologists were divided into opposing camps of catastrophists and uniformitarians. Julie Newell Myth 10: That Lamarckian evolution relied largely on use and disuse and that Darwin rejected Lamarckian mechanisms. Richard W. Burkhardt, Jr. Myth 11: That Darwin worked on his theory in secret for twenty years, his fears causing him to delay publication. Robert J. Richards Myth 12: That Wallace’s and Darwin’s explanations of evolution were virtually the same. Michael Ruse
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Myth 13: That Darwinian natural selection has been “the only game in town”. Nicolaas Rupke Myth 14: That after Darwin (1871), sexual selection was largely ignored until Robert Trivers (1972) resurrected the theory. Erika Lorraine Milam Myth 15: That Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation on the basis of scientific objectivity. Garland E. Allen Myth 16: That Gregor Mendel was a lonely pioneer of genetics, being ahead of his time. Kostas Kampourakis Myth 17: That “Social Darwinism” has had a profound influence on social thought and policy, especially in America. Ronald L. Numbers TWENTIETH CENTURY: Myth 18: That the Michelson-Morley experiment paved the way for the special theory of relativity. Theodore Arabatzis and Kostas Gavroglu Myth 19: That the Millikan oil-drop experiment was simple and straightforward. Mansoor Niaz Myth 20: That neo-Darwinism defines evolution as random mutation plus natural selection. David J. Depew Myth 21: That melanism in peppered moths is not a genuine example of evolution by natural selection. David W. Rudge Myth 22: That Linus Pauling's discovery of the molecular basis of sickle-cell anemia revolutionized medical practice. Bruno J. Strasser Myth 23: That the Soviet launch of Sputnik caused the revamping of American science education. John L. Rudolph GENERALIZATIONS: Myth 24: That religion has typically impeded the progress of science. Peter Harrison Myth 25: That science has been largely a solitary enterprise. Kathryn M. Olesko Myth 26: That the “Scientific Method” accurately reflects what scientists actually Do. Daniel P. Thurs Myth 27: That a clear line of demarcation has separated science from pseudoscience. Michael D. Gordin
