NTRU Cryptosystems Technical Report Report ... - OnBoard Security


  

 
  !"$#&%' ()  ()+* ,-/.103245!"67.18 9 5!:#;!:A@B
!:DCE
GF'#;5!"$ HJI"KMLNI:OPQEKSRUTNI:V WXYHJQZR[I:\^] P&_a`bV c dJI:LNe1fEWXhgiV c c VjfEekgi]bOZTNI ln€;m)o5‚ prsUƒ „q…Zsu†:tJwUvJxz…ˆwUxz‡Ay{tJy{x‰wUxE|~ŠJ}?y~y~ )‚ sUƒ „ …Z†:wUxz…Y^‹ˆŒŽ‰‘~’z’ ƒ‡A“&tJ„”S|$…Z•~†1vJ–~sU—"wU|~˜bZyu™z||~–z…‰¤š/wœ¥œŠZ› …œ¡"¦œw[wU¡§Z„ ¶j¨yax:©^…Zsx:ªbwUwU«zZ|S¬a|œž­EwU®3|„ }?sU¡:|~|$…bvh…ZŠx:|~suwa|·¤ŠJxz¥œ|·…Š&¦œ|NŸJwU§;x;vh¯b|N¸b° sU±a…b„ }?©^Š6² |~¡/…‰‚ZwUyu³ yh}&ƒ „ž ¢/¡:„ƒ wU´$Yn¹|NwU|~t3Z¢NwU|qx:ƒ susœ¡"tJwu¡:vJwU…b„wU¢~Šxz|~y{y ‚tJ‚yuy{|$wU…b|~ŠJwU}?Z|Nsu„y~y£ µ xzx:ŠZ¶)}?¡"w[À }?Á·¡Âh|~wUwUxn…bxŠJ|N„ |·ŸE…ZŠ;wu¢~s[ƒ vb¡:‚ ¡"vhŠJs[xz|œ¡:ƒ }?¡"¡$wU|N¢[| wUZ|N|N|~ŸJs¢[vhº;¹z|~¡:wU¢Nƒ bwU‚ |·¡"|~Šwy~µwU³ ‡AZsU||·|œ¡:ƒ ºE¡"¡:wu„ƒ …ZyuwUx„†œ¢~|œ|NwUŸE„ y{}?wUwu|~sU|~…b|~yS…ZŠ;¶j†:x:wUwUs)Z&¤|„ …?¥œ»½¼~¦œwU|NZsU§x:| £¾¨ƒ¶jx·x:©^žsUªb¢~|N„«zsu…Z¬a£½†zŠJ­E¿/„ ®;}?¡:¶j|~…bx:…Z¡:syuƒ sUtJ„ xz|~yu…Y¢N„ y£  ¼~ƒ ¡"|NwUsU„ x:xz£¾…1¶jx:ƒsU„ ¢~…Z|·|ŠÃ¡:ƒ y5¡"wuwUwUZ„ |$¢~|;…Z¢·xz¡:…J…ãļ~¢~|NsUx:x:susU£¾¶j|~x:¢NsUwU¢~ƒ t|·Š6³ ƒ |;¡"wu¡:wUvZ„ ¢~vJ|zsUµ x·ŸJ„ }&¡"wU|·Š ³ t6wUZ|yU¡:}?||NŸEwus[¡:vhx:£ Å ÆZÇÈhÉ^Ê$ËÌÍaÈ^ÎUÊÇ ÏuÛ;W ÜTNÝa]^ÞJVjRß)àhW^á QETNâ I?Ó^Мã^I?c VjÒLNI:ä/\aQJI:L[OTåQJLNW ObI"\hÑhTNQZ\aR[I:OhLNRUV eˆTNI:I:eAWZT~_bR$ænÐ$]^IzV TNR[]AII"TN]^ÑhI&\aI:cjLNf‰V T[eˆTNVjI:Ò"WZIzT~R$RÓ^I"WYÑbÔhTNI:I:LNWYc Ô1ObV TNW^]^ՈQZTNR[]^I;IÔhIzÖ6RN×?Ò"LNØ/V ãaÙ&IzÔ Ú VÖ6W4×?ç Ø/è"é{Ù_g(Û;ÜIêÝaÐ$ÞJß)V c c;àhá)Ò"QJXYWYR[I:Ò"I1I:WZç TNè"L~é{f‰_ TNI I:WZTNV LNI:c OŽQJWrTN]^IêÓ^WYÔhI:LNc ObV W^Õ'cjf‰T[TNVjÒ"IzR:_œë^QJL ÔhI"T~fEV cjRÃQEì í î(ïð4ñœÈhò5ÇËòÉYËôóõîêö÷7ø&ò)ÈbÈ^Î[ÍMð ë) ù V ½Ñ'TNÓ^V WZ\^TNc IzI:R/ÕJI:Ð$L~RV TN]úùúüXûaÒ"X5QbQJübL~ý^ÔhXV WYfEf‰WYTNÔIzR;üJþbIzûZ_ÓYë^fEQJcLˆTNfEQ Wbè1OúfEüYWYXÔê
ÿ Ð$küV TN]êTNkù]^I1úLNI:X)e1c I"fET V W^V W^ÄüÕA& ù ãaITNü]^IAÒ"QbR[I"QJT6L~ÔhQEV ì WYf‰ÄTNübIzý RIzûZÓYÄüJfEþ cnTNQfEWYÿ^Ô _c I"I"T TTN]^I\^LNV d‰f‰TNIJ I:O ãaI6Ò~]^QZR[I:W f‰T;L~fEWYÔhQJeì¾LNQJekTN]^I6R[\YfJÒ"IzR   "!" ãaI/TN]^I?\^Ó^ã^c Vj#Ò JI:O  _^PI:LNIJXYfJRnÓYR[ÓYfEc½XhQJ\aI:L~f‰TNV QJWYRœQhÒ:Ò"Ó^L$V W TN]^I?LNV W^Õ $&ç % 'é &()*%,+-Ž.è 0/1 fE3WY58% Ô6М5 I$:?VjÔh>7>7I:>.WZ:
TNV ì¾3 OTN]^I$% dJIz+ Ò·TNQJ 2L _ '3403  035767676803 +   Ð$V TN]ˆTN]^I$\aQJc ObW^QJeˆVjfE9c 34;:7>7>$ÿ  4   >7>7> +    )+** && ÿ ( >7>7>$ÿ  5#>7>7> 4 ** && __ __ _ _ _ __  __  __ _ _ _  __ ** && ÿÿ >7>7> ( ** 4 7 > 7 > > 5 & + +   

"   & ÿÿ >7>7>$ÿ / ÿ >7>7> ÿ ** && ÿÿ >7>7>$ÿ ÿ / >7>7> ÿ ** ___ _ _ _ _ _ ' ÿ_ ÿ _ >7>7_ >$_ ÿ _ ÿ _ ÿ _ >7>7_ >_ / _ , QEænì)]^TNIn0]^Ò"I&W3QJR[WYÖ6IzRUfET~×?L~fEÒ~Ø/WZ]ÃT Ùì¾( QJÛ;LVjRÜR[fÝae1ÞJãYfEß)fEc cSàhcjfEádJWYIzÒ"\^Ò·V TNLNW^QJV Õd‰L~f‰RœÒ"TNQJVI#W WYJRUTNT~I:]^fEOI?WZÒ"T)cjQJf‰Ð$WYT[TN]^R[VjVjVjÒ"RUÒ~IJT~]&Rn_ VjQER)ì5Ò~]^f6QZ\YR[fEI:W?V L$TNQEQì)e1dJIzf‰Ò·ÑhTNV QJeˆL~RV -:I TN]^Iœ/I .ÃÒ"V I:WYÒ"O    .4  7676767 +   21Äübý  fEWYÔ    4   7676768 +   21 ÄüJþ  fEWYÔÃTN]^I&f‰T[T~fJÒ JI:L bW^Q‰ÐRœTN]Yf‰T$TN]^I?cjf‰T[TNVjÒ"I?Ò"QJWZT~fEV WYRœTN]^I?LNI:cjf‰TNV dJI:c OÃR[]^QJL[T$dJIzÒ·TNQJL 5

3   ( .4 7676767 (  +   47676767 +    Ð$]^VjænÒ~]A]^IМf‰I/T[Ð$T~fJV Òc cJLNI:I"LIì¾bI:LœW^Q‰TNÐQÃR fJRœ XZTN]^Ð$I]^VjÒ~]1 45Vj/R57TN6]^I//Ö68 ·×?_ Ø/ÙÛ;ÜÝaÞJß)àhá\^Ó^ã^c VjÒJI:OJXZR[Q&]^I2bW^Q‰ÐR TNdJ]^IzI6Ò·TNcjQJf‰L5T[TNQEVjìMÒ"fEI\^!\^ "LNQ ÑhXMV e1fEWYf‰Ô3TNI:]^c O/VjRTN]^ÕJQZIfERNc)fEVjeˆRI$TNQc I:W^LNIzÕEÒ"TNQ‰]dJX‰I:ì¾L$LNQJTNe9]^I6 Ó^ "WEb_9W^ÄQ‰ë^Ð$QJWêL I"dJÑ^IzfEÒ·eˆTNQJ\^L c IJ3 X:XM QJ "L/fEWbÒ"OAQJWZQET~TNfE]^V WYI:LR ùkdJIzÒ·TNQJL~RQEìYTN]^I$RNfEeˆIœc I:W^ÕETN]ˆfJR 3 QJãhT~fEV W^IzÔ&ãbOÒ"OhÒ"c VjÒ:fEc c O?LNQET~f‰TNV W^ÕTN]^I$Ò"QbQJL~ÔhV WYf‰TNIzR

QEì"3ænfE]^WYI/Ôc I:MW^_ ÕETN]AQEìfˆdJIzÒ·TNQJL

;   (=< 47676767 (=< +    7>7>.: < +   0&·ù

 ( BI7676767 ( BIDB > 7676768DB > 

¹y{Œw |~y;‚ ¢NŠEwUžx:tJsI|ˆ„ …ZH'b†;H/¡·JLƒ ¹¡"K)|wuH+wUM ¶j„ x:¢~J |sU@} KO¡"‚Nwuw[Nƒ ¡:¡"NwU¢[K)|·ºEH ŠGy~µK)HwUZ@ P|6 vJ³ZsU‚ x w³ ƒwU|~Z} „ yZsU|·|N¡"sUsu|zs[¡:wU…ZZ†z|6|~}?vJsU|~|~…‰¢~w/„ yux:|1¶¤¢~x‰¥œx:¦œs[ŠJ§„ …b¨¡"©^wU|~ªby/«z¬a„ y­E®(„ susUº|~|Nƒ |~t ¹z¡:„ y/…‰w/wUZ„ … |

EfÒ"QJWYWYÔ?R[TNIz]^ûZVjÓ^RI:ÔhWYVjÒ"RUIˆT~fETNWY]^Ò"VjIœRÐ$eˆV cIzchfEãaWYInR?fTN]Yã^f‰V T5TR[QJ]^W^QJIÃL[TNÐ$I:LV c TNcœ]YÕJfEI:W&W^TNI:]^L~InfEc ÓYc OêR[ÓYfJfEÔ^c Ô' 5fEWúW^QJI"LNÑbe TNL~QEfAì LN3 Q‰_ Ð 0 RfEWYfÔú\^L~Ò"fJQJÒ·c Ó^TNVjeˆÒ:fEW c TNÔhQ V eˆ I: "WYR[V QJfEW WYÔ VjR?TNVLNWYO Ò"LNTNIzQAfJR[R[QJIzÔêc dJI6ãbOfèJÒ"c_QZÏuR[W IzRUTNT;]^dJVjR?IzÒ·I"TNÑhQJ\aL;QZ\^R[LNV TNQJV ã^QJcW I:e МI1V W3Ð$TNV ]^c c VjR;V ÕJW^W^I:QJÐ LNI6cjf‰TN]^T[TNVjVjR?Ò"I6TNIzÐ$Ò~]^]^W^I:VjLNÒ:IfEcTNV ]^TUOI fEWYÔ ænÔhМQ1QúQJÓ^Ò"QJLWYfERUWYT~fEfEWZc OhT~R[R1VjRœR[I:V W I:eTN]^I?TNQúcjf‰ãaT[TNI VjÒ"dJI I:LN!O' " LNI:_ c I:d‰fEWZTˆTNQ TN]^I3\^LNQJã^c I:eQEì/c QhÒ:f‰TNV W^Õ'R[]^QJL[T dJIzÒ·TNQJL~RœV WAcjf‰T[TNVjÒ"IzRnQEì)TN]^I/ì¾QJLNe ! " ÓYR[V W^Õ   êTUOb\aI/TNIzÒ~]^W^VjûZÓ^IzR:_Yæn]^IzR[I?fELNI 3  ù & /
  A  AA  A & /6 æn]^IzR[I;fELNILNI:cjf‰TNIzÔ6TNQ6ãYfJR[VjÒÒ"QJWYRUT~fEWZT~RœfJRNR[QhÒ"Vjf‰TNIzÔ6TNIQ ! "êV W1TN]^Iì¾QJc c Q‰Ð$V W^ÕÐnfOJ_ I"T  R[]^QJL[TNIzRUT$I"Ñh\aIzÒ·TNIzÔ ¾W^QJ(W -:I:LNQ  c I:W^ÕETN]AQEìdJIzÒ·TNQJL~RœV FW ! "" A 3 A  c I:W^ÕETN]AQEìfJÒ·TNÓYfEcR[]^QJL[TNIzRUTndJIzÒ·TNQJL$V W ! "B6 W^ë^QJQJW(L f-:I:ÕJLNI:Q6W^I:dJL~IzfEÒ·cJTNcjQJf‰L$T[TNRNVjf‰Ò"TNI VjR @YX:IzTNR ]^I /fEÓYRNR[VjfEW&]^I:Ó^LNVjRUTNVjÒRNfOhRTN]Yf‰T)TN]^Iœc I:W^ÕETN]&QEì^TN]^InR[]^QJL[TNIzRUT   I"T.  DC   6    ÔhV e  æn]^I&ÔhV eˆI:WYR[V QJWAfEWYÔAÔhI"TNI:LNeˆV WYfEWZT$QEì ! " fELNI/ÕJV dJI:W ãbO ÔhV e  "   ù   I".T  "    ( /+ fEWYÔ R[QˆV FW ! " МI/]YfdJI   ù /  ( fEWYÔ A 3 A  ( 5 A  A 5 : A  A 5 6 R[Ôh]^ÓYQJÒ·Ó^ë^TNVcjQJQJÔ L W1ãaQJeˆI6\hI"TNÒ~TNV ]^e1]^QZQhfER[Ô^I:c/R5WÓY]YTNR[fQÃI(dJe1InQEì6ãafJI:cjf‰I:I/T[W1TNTN]^VjÐ$Ò"I&I(VjÔhL~I:LNf‰Izc TNOÔhV Q ÓYQJÒ·ãYA TNR[3 V I:QJA LNW &dJ IzTNÔ&IzfJÒ~TNR]^Q?R[W^Мe1VjûZQJfEÓ^0L c &IzcRfJãaR$TNIz]^RU\aTI QZÐ$RNãYR[]^fEV ã^I:cjfEW6c IJWYXaTNÒ"]^R[V W^I$V WYՎT~Ò"fEI?Ò"LNQJÕJcjf‰WYI"T[T5RUTNT~VjdJfEÒ"IzWZI&Ò·T TNLNQJI8( L VjRœfJRÏ{TR[e1VjRfEIzc cMfJfJR[VR c OŽ\aQZÒ~RN]^R[IzV ã^ÒJc I;IzԎÒ"QJTNeˆ]Y\Yf‰TÃfELNTNIz]^ÔIêTNQ&QJ\hTN]^TNV I;e1e1fEc/fEWbÒ~O6]^QJdJVjIzÒ"Ò·IATNQJì¾QJL~R5LÃQETNì]^cIêI:W^ãYÕEfETNcj]fEWYfEÒ"\^V \^W^LNÕ'QÑhÒ"VQJe1WYRUf‰T~TNfEI:WZc O T VjR _ (  A  A & A  A XZÐ$]^VjÒ~] c IzfJÔ^RœTNQ  ù  / A A   A A 6 Q‰Ð A 3 A 5  ( 5 A  A 5 : A  A 5  A  A 5 fEWYÔAR[Q 3 
fEWYÔ RNf‰TNVjRUì¾OÃTN]^I?LNI:cjf‰TNV QJW
 ù A 3 A 6



[TNR ]^Ó^I:\^W'\a0 QJTNcjL[]^fET?I LNÕJTN]^cI$QJIÃWbÕ Ó^]bTNeObV eˆ\aãaQEII:TNL]^TNQEQIzìSR[Vj@YI"R/ÑhWYTN\aÔ ]YI:f‰LNTNTV]^eˆIV ìnI:T~WZQJfET~W^LNR5ÕJI1TNI"]Y]^T6f‰QJdJTœcjÔ^IzМҷR TNIQJ
]YLfEfÕJWYdJLNÔI$Q‰Ð\a3êI:R&L[Ò"ì¾f‰QJQJTˆWYLNeˆRUc T~IzfEIzfJԈWZRUTzT6Q‰XdJc Ð$V I:W^L]^IzVTNfEc ]^LNIÃcIO(V WY\YÐ$Ò"fJLNRUV IzTN
T fJ] ?OR[V &JW^IzÕ_fEÏuL~ W R TNQEQ TN]^@YI:WYLÔAМfQJL~T~Ô^fER:LNX^ÕJVI"ì TnМdJI&IzÒ·c TNI"QJTL$ V W  TN]^ I?cj!f‰ "T[TNVjÒ"I Ôh!I:W^ "QETNI?QEì5TN]^ÔhI6V eˆfEI:eˆWYQJR[VÓ^QJWZW TQEùúìTNXbV eˆTN]^II:W V TT~fJIzRnì¾QJL1   c QJÕ ù : ì¾Ò"QJQJLˆWbdJÒ"I"QJÑ?WYRUÓ^T~\bfEÐnWZT~fER L~Ô^DR:_ fEë^WYQJ Ô L5 Ãùk_ I:¾dJÏuI:W'WìÄeˆfJÒ·QhTzÔhX)I:TNL~]^f‰I TNI:ÕJc O/L~fEcj\^fE]'LNÕJIJQEXzìV½c_ IJQJ_‰Õ ÕJkLNIzf‰fETNÕZI:fELV WYTN]YRUT6fEW ù Eÿ^VjRˆXV ìÒ"QJA WYR[A VjRUTNI:WZTN& c O TNc Qh]^Ò:I:f‰W TNI? TN ]^ 'I&Ð$T~fEV cLNc5ÕJI"Ò"TQJWYR[VjQJRUTNLI:QJWZW^TNc I&OAQEI:ì5V TNV ]^T~RI:LLNQEìÄfET~f‰V cTNVTNQJQWY@YR:_YWYænÔê]^fÃVjReˆc I:QhWYÔhÔ^I:R;L~f‰R[TNQJI:eˆc OAI&R[Ò"]^LNQJIzL[ÔhT;I:WYdJIzÒ"I?Ò·TNTNQJ3Q1LzXYTNQJ]^L;I Ð$ÓYR[V c I c QEì)TNæn]^I ]^I? /Ò"fEQJÓYWYRNRUR[T~VjfEfEWWZT~]^R3I: Ó^LNfEVjRUWYTNÔVjÒ; ì¾QJL$ÔhI:cjf‰\aT[I:TNWYVjÒ"ÔIzRnÓ^\aQEì)QJW TN]^VjRnfEì¾WYQJÔ ?

=


?

> ?

@

> ?

BA

14.0 13.0 log(T)

12.0

Minima Average Line (Average)

11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 105

 

110

115 N

120

125

š ^š Œ¹|Ns[¡:†z| ³ sU|·¡:ºE„ …Z†;wU„ }?|$¡:…bŠ}?„ …Z„ } ‚ } ³ sU|·¡:ºE„ …Z†wU„ }?|zZ„ …6yu|~¢~xz…bŠJy~Z¶jx:s '‘z‘z‘zµ


3 

‘ € Á‘ € :N N‰Á ‘ ‘·‘·  @  „ wyu€|~¢Á ‚ sU„ w½t ’€ zz ‘LNN  € ‘·‘· @@ ‘~‘"’‰Á  zzz :NN E€ ‘ ‘·‘· G ‰ ‘~’Á Zƒ xz˜† ” J ^š(: N sU‘·|· ¡:ºE€ „ …Z†6êwU„ ‘"}?|~N :y’¡:…b‰‘·µŠ zz³  „ w€ yuN |~ ¢ ‚ sU„ w½‘·tÍ ¶jx:s¹z¡"sU„ x z‚  y ‚ yu„ …Z†wUZ|/|NŸEwus[¡:vhxzƒ ¡"wU„ xz…Aƒ „ …Z| @

(



+



-, . 







  #          

!



& '

'





!

' $)







TNP ]YQ‰f‰ÐœTænI:LN]^dJIzIêI:ÔhLzÓYfEXaÒ"ãafJI;Q‰Ò·dJTNTNÓY]^I fEI?fEc)I"WY\YKMfEfEIzc L~OhÒ·fETNR[eˆVVjdJR1I&I"ÕJTNÔhI:V dJL;V eˆIzR[RˆI:I"T~WYTNR]^R[V I3eQJWÓYãY_^RUfJT;ænR[I ]^T~fVjc R$JI:dJI&VjR$I:V cWZÔhTNVjQERNQAì&Ò"ÓYfJR[RNIzÒ:R[Ò"Ò"IzÓ^QJÔÓ^LNV WZVTUW OŽT
TNLfE]^/ÕZ I?fE8W^V WY/I"8RUÑbTà T/cjR[f‰IzT[4Ò·TNTNVjTNÒ"V IzQJIêÒ~W]^f‰_ W^T[VjT~ûZfJÓ^Ò IzMR _  örðÍM/Ê N NðÇËð Ë AòÉ^Qò NðSÈhðÉõñnðSTÈ R  É^ð ò $Î[Ç kî(OÎ NSð Rò5ÇË  ðÉ^ Ê $Ê ÉYÍSÎ[Ç  ãaX/QEXœTN`^]A` QEÃìèJÐ$X)]^dJVjI:Ò~L~] R[V ]YQJfW dJI ç è"é{X5R[Ó^ÕJÕJIzRUT~R?TN]^IA\YfEL~fEeˆI"TNI:L6R[I"T~R !êfEWY"Ô ^X ù  hè 0/  E  è :)=@? Nübý  NüJþ  N$ü #   c IzfJÔhV W^Õ6TNQ6TN]^I?cjf‰T[TNVjÒ"I?d‰fEc Ó^IzR
 6 ‰ÿ õè 6  3  è 6 ÿ ŽEÿ 6 (6 TNP]^Q‰I/Мì¾I:QJdJLNI:eLzÓ^XhcjМf IÒ:fEW^W^QET;R[V eˆ\^c QJc O Õ IzRUTNV e1rf‰TNÿEI&6 èzTNÿ]^I EùR[IzÒ"ŽÓ^LNè V TUO 6 ãbOAÿ R[Ó^ ãYRUTNV TNÓhTNV W^Õù  hè?V WZTNQ 4  ãaV W4IzÒ:ç fEzéÓY{_'R[IA&aI:TNLN]^QVjR ½ì¾QJÔhL~QbÒ"IzV W^R1ÕúW^QEÒ"QJTÃWYT~R[f VjRUJT~I RÃV QEWZì&TNQ'ÕJÓ^fJIzÒ:RNÒ"R[QJV W^Ó^Õ'WZT1fúTN]^\YI3f‰T[I"TNKMI:LNIzW Ò· T~RÃQEì
QE%ì( L-:/I: LN8Qb Iz/Rˆ8 TN/]Y  f‰4ETAXnfEÔh\^Iz\aRNÒ"IzLNfEV LãaIzV WÔ   V ì;TN]^I3ÕJÓ^IzRNRˆVjRÃÒ"QJLNLNIzÒ·TzXTN]^I I"KMIzÒ·TNV dJIêÔhV eˆI:WYR[V QJWrQEì;TN]^I cjf‰T[TNVjÒ"I VjR1LNIzÔhÓYÒ"IzÔTNQ ÕJPVù Q‰dJМI:W)I:dJãb(bI:OÃ_LzXEÏ{c QJTNì$]^Õ TNVj ]^Rœ4 I LN1Izc R[QJ Ó^Õ3c TœQEVjì$RœùTNQJ]^W^I :Vc O6ã^ ÃTNLNLNIzXhÓ^f TNI;b]^V I:VW^ìWÕ TN]^-:TNI:I V LNeˆQ-:I:Ià ½ì¾LNQJQì¾QJL~ ½Ò"ì¾LQJV W^TNL~Õ6]^Ò"V I W^R[]^Õ&cjf‰QJÔhT[Ó^TNQbcjVjÔIzÒ"RœILNW^IzÐ$ÔhQEVÓYTnTNÒ"]^R[I;VQJÕJÓhTNW^]^IT V @aVjR$-:Ò:I:cfELNQJWZQ Õ6TN ½cì¾ãbO1QJOL~Ò~Ò"]YV W^fE( Õ W^& ÕJVjIR _ TN]^I&Ò~]YfEL~fJÒ·TNI:LNVjRUTNVjÒ:RQEì)TN]^I?cjf‰T[TNVjÒ"IJ_^g(I/TN]^I:LNI"ì¾QJLNI;ã^LNV +I *YO ÔhVjRNÒ"ÓYRNRœTN]^VjRûZÓ^IzRUTNV QJW_ ,.-  45  3 / 80L/ 8 /8 /  421 æn]^I6\YfEL~fEeˆI"TNI:1L 3AÕJQbIzRì¾LNQJe ù & /ˆTNQ  ù  (0& /b_ cj]^,.f‰Q‰-T[МTNVjI:Ò"dJI345I:LzVjRˆX‰ TNTN]^]^
I/I(Ò" RNI:/ fEWZeˆTNI:I3LN83IzfJÔ1LR1/W^ V8QJWrLN/e 8TN]^ /QEI3ì  QJ 44LNV ãa1ÕJIzV WYÒ"QJfEæneˆc$]^cjIzI1f‰R T[Ò"TNI:VjÒ"WZübIJTNý9XI:LNUW^èIzI:ÔêÕJc W^IzübQJÒ·ý(TNLN&(VeôW^ÄùÕ QEBìTN4]^êI3(V)WêãY"_fETNcj0 ]^fEIWYR5Ò"(?-:V W^I:V LNWYÕ Q Ò" ½LNìÄì¾fJIzQJfJÒ·L~TNR[Ò"QJIzIzLR:Ô X TNc I:]^W^VjR ÕETNÒ"] I:WZTNI:VLNWêIzÔTN]^W^I1QJLNÓ^e WbãYÐ$fEV cjc fEcYWYÔhÒ"IzIzÒ"ÔêLNIzcjfJf‰R[T[IJTNXVjÒ"c IzIˆfJÐ$ÔhV V W^c c5Õ/V TNWYQ?Ò" LNf/IzfJR[]^R[IJQJXML[TNãaI:IzL Ò:R[fE]^ÓYQJR[L[I6T5TNdJ]^IzIÃÒ·TNÔhQJVjLzRN_‰Ò"ænLNV ]^eˆI V WY /fEfEWZÓYT RNR[ TNVjfE]^W I dJÐ$QJV cc cÓ^eˆÔhIzIÒ" LNQEIzìMfJTNR[]^IJI_hæì¾Ó^QˆWYãaÔ^I?fEeˆ\^I:LNIzWZÒ"T~VjfER[caIJ\YX fEL~fEc c I:c QJ\^V \aIzÔ9)Ð$V c cMRUT~fOTN]^IRNfEeˆIã^ÓhTTN]^I;ÔhV eˆI:WYR[V QJW   I".T   DC      ÔhV e   ù 4  (    /78 6.6 9: ( 8 6.6.99: : 6 fãY‰T[fET~cjfJfEg(ÒWYJÒ"I?I:V W^LzTN_Z]^Õ1æI:Ò"LNQˆQJI"WYì¾ûZQJRUÓYLNT~I?fEfEWZWZI"TNTÑhV ì¾\a( OˆIz_aÒ·TNæn]^TVj]^TNRœVj]^RœI"I KMTN-:Ó^IzI:Ò·LNLNTzWYQ XhR$ ½Ðœì¾QJQJI;ÓhL~TnÒ"W^V I"TNW^ÑbQ1ÕT$ãaTNÒ:IQfEcjLNÒ"IzÓ^R[cjÓ^f‰c TNTIV TNWê]^fI?fE
\^eˆ\^LNQJQJLN\^I/LNìÄVjff‰dJTNIQJÓ^d‰L~fEfEc ã^Ó^cII/ì¾TNQJQ1LœTNTN]^]^II (;=<  A A  A A ;=<  ù ù 4(  A

A

8





c IzfJÔhV W^Õ6TNQ




;=<    ù ù 4( 

C

A  A 8 .6 6 9: C ù A  A ;=5 < 8
8.6 .6 99: :
 / D ù 4( D

¾W^QETNI/TN]Yf‰TÐ$]^I:W3(  ÿ6МI/LNIzÒ"Q‰dJI:LTN]^I?QJLNV ÕJV WYfEcMd‰fEc Ó^I?QEì
·_ 0 \^\^c ObV W^Õ ì¾QJLNeÓ^cjf-  ˆQEì1ç zéМI3R[I:I TN]Yf‰TÃTN]^I QJ\hTNV e1fEc;Ò~]^QJVjÒ"IAQEì (êì¾QJLù 

hè N ü     ÿE6 èzÿ /VjR (  è bXbc IzfJÔhV W^ÕTNQˆf6R[\aI:IzÔÓ^\ ãbOÃf&ìÄfJÒ·TNQJLnQEì  _;IR[V W^Õ TN]^I/ì¾QJLNeÓ^cjfEI?fEãaQ‰dJIJXbМI @YWYÔ


;=<  ÿE6 Jÿ^è
 6 

A

è 6  3 ;=<  è 6 ÿ^è  rÿE6  ÿE6 èzÿ ?VjR$RUTNV c cSd‰fEc VjÔS_Yæn]^I/I"Ñh\aIzÒ·TNIzÔAR[IzÒ"Ó^LNV TUO1VjR è 6 (èzÿ  U ÏUâœ` {OJIzfEL~R A

NTR[]^Q6I:TNLN]^I"I/ì¾QJI"LNÑbITN# L~fE\aQJcjf‰TNV QJWc V W^I?Ð$V TN])    œV TR[IzÒ"Ó^LNV TUO  6 cÒ"IzQJfJW Ô3@a0 ÔhTNR1QAI:WY\^V Ò"LNWYI;I:Ò"dbLNTNV Iz]YQJfJf‰ÓYR[T$R[Izc Ô3TNO']^ã^I/W^LNQETNIzTNV f eˆIzbÔSI/V X W^TNÕQJQ1Ó^TNã^LÃV eˆLN]^IzIzfI:R&Ó^1LNf‰TNVjT&RU]^TNI?Ò"VjÒAQJÕJWYV LNdJRUIzT~I:R[fEWÓ^WZc \YT?TÃfEùúVjL~RˆfE_eˆTNg(]YI"f‰TNI6TI:LTN]^]^R[V I:ÕJI"LNT~]^I"RnI:ì¾QJL1Ð$LNVd‰I1c fEcRUc ãaÓ^T~f‰I&IzTNR1f‰IˆT$QEÐ$ì c IzV TN
fJ]úRUfET&R[WYèzQJÔ-ÿeˆ 3 I5 T~TNU Qêf JÏUâœLNI:IzW ` Ò" {QJTNOJeˆQ1IzfEeˆãaL~IR:I:_SWYfEænÔ(ãaQJ]^TNÓhIˆ]^T&I TNèzV eˆfEÿ ãa I15Q‰dJTNU QI1ÏU\Yã^âœfELN` IzL~ {ffEOJ(eˆIzfEI"fETNL~W I:R/LJÿç ‰éR[I" {hã^TTNV ]^ì¾T&QJVjR$R[LObIzÓYeˆRUR[TNeˆIV e1I"V WTNf‰LNTNVjI&R[Ò1OhQERUÒ"ì5TNLNI:ObRUe1TN\hLNTNR?I:QZW^TNR[ÕE]YOhTNf‰RU] TNT6I:TNeôLN]bIzÓYûZVjRÓ^R?V fELNTUcIObc Q‰\^JÿÐVjÒ:RnfE {ã^c ÓYc V O RT R[IzÒ"Ó^LNV TUOJ_ ÌÉhÈ^ïðÉrÇÊ5ÈhSð R æn]^VjRR[IzÒ·TNV QJW QJÓhTNc V W^IzR$fELNIzfJRì¾QJLnì¾ÓhTNÓ^LNI?LNIzR[IzfEL~Ò~]_ WTN^ IzVjûZÒ~]^Ó^W^IzVjRûZÐ$Ó^IzV cR;c)Ð$ãaIˆ]^ VjÔh-Ò~](Vj RNÒ"]Y+Q‰/fdJdJ I:ILNIz1W^Ô QET/Q‰Ï{dJT/OJI:I"L$VjT?RTNãaTNV eˆQI:I:IJãaW XaI6QJfEI"L\^Ñh\^TN\a]Yc IzV f‰IzÒ·T?Ô TNIzÒ"TNÔ Ó^QLNTNLNTN]YI:]^f‰WZI T/TNc W^O I:Hæ I"Ð GÑhVjIcjRUf‰TNT[V cjW^TNf‰VjÕÃT[Ò"TNI6cjVjf‰Ò"LNT[IˆIzTNÔhVjÐ$Ò"ÓYIV Ò·c cTNLNV Iz\^QJÔhLNW ÓYQ‰dJÒ·TNIzTNI&VÒ~QJTN(] WQ ãaÐ$I6V c c eˆÕJQJL~LNfJIÔhÓY/I .ÃfEc Ò"c O V I:WZLNIzT;ÔhTNÓY]YÒ"fEI6W3TNTN]^]^I1IˆIzR[RU\aTNV Ize1Ò"V f‰@aTNÒ&IzÔ TNIzRUÒ~TN]^LNW^I:VjW^ûZÕEÓ^TNI6](ÓYQER[ìœIzÔ3TN]^VVjW3R?fETN]^WYVjÔ(RQETNIzTN]^Ò~]^I:W^L?Vj\YÒ:fEfEcL~fEW^eˆQETNI"IJTN_MI:L?ænR[]^I"IzT~R[R:I _ ænfJR$]^fEVjRœ\^TN\^IzLNÒ~QJ]^\^W^LNVjVjÒ:f‰fETNIJcM_ W^QETNI;Ð$V c cÒ"QJWZTNV WbÓ^ITNQˆãaI/Ó^\MÔ^f‰TNIzÔÐ$V TN]TN]^I/cjf‰TNIzRUTœTNIzÒ~]^W^VjÒ:fEcSLNIzR[Ó^c T~R МR[V eˆI:LN \^I c 8LNOˆ6Ó^QJWà I\hÓYTN VR[eˆV W^V Õ -: V W^Õ&æ/ ì¾ QJLç ‰éTN{]^8XZI; Ð$R[]^8 \a VjIzÒ~+]ÃÒ"/ V @aVj OR  Ò;/W^Ò: QEfJ TœR[IQJ\hÓ^-TNWYV Ôheˆ I:+V Ln/-:IzÒ" ԈQJWYì¾1 QJR[VjL ÔhænI:L~]^æHf‰ITNGV I"QJI ÑhWÃ\acjÒ"I:f‰QJLNT[VÓ^TNeˆVjcjÒ"Ô1I:IzWZR:ÕJT~_^V R dJåIV QJW1fWYTNÒ"R[]^I:\aVjV R I:d‰IzfEW^Ôhã^QEÓ^c TNOJ\ I X ãbRUTNO'LNI:fêW^ÕEcjTNfE]ˆLNÕJV I WˆÒ"TN]^QJWYVjR RUT~W^fEQEWZTNT6IfEìÄfJLNÒ·I$TN]^QJLzV ÕJ_5]^Pc O6Q‰ÐœÒ"QJI:WYdJR[I:I:LzLNXd‰fJf‰RTNV dJW^IJQEXETNIzfEÔWYԈãaf&I"ì¾R[QJ\aLNI:IJIzX)ÔhTNÓ^]^\1IAãbIzO6RUTNf?V e1Ò"f‰QJTNWYIzRUR6T~fEQEWZì;T5cjìÄf‰fJT[Ò·TNTNVjQJÒ"IL VjR$Ó^W^c V JI:c O1TNQˆ]YfdJI?f6\^L~fJÒ·TNVjÒ:fEcMI"KMIzÒ·TQJWTN]^I&R[IzÒ"Ó^LNV TUOÃQEìTN]^I&R[OhRUTNI:eA_ 

9



%










 







(


zè ÿ fELNQEI T~fEbã^W^ c Q‰I(Ð$I"W(Ñ^/fETN
]Yeˆf‰$\^T&c IzT~Rf- JQE I1ìˆ +fJR[/ ÔhÓY d‰Ò~fE]i1WZT~TNfEIzåÕJÒ~]^I1Ó^W^LNQEVjLNûZìœI:Ó^WZTNIzTN]^cRAIOJXzfER[dJ\aLNI:IrIzLNÒ"O;çVjfEì¾XcI:zéÐ'\^{_ LNTNQJIz0 \aÒ~RA]^I:L[W^fJTNVjVÔ^ûZIzÔhÓ^R/VIzTNQERV ìnQJì¾QJWYTNL]^fEIc cjf‰T[TNæHæHVjÒ"GGIœIILNIz uÔhR[cj\aÓYf‰T[IzÒ·TNTNÒ"VjVV Ò"QJ@aIJW Ò _ TNfEIz\^Ò~\^]^LNW^QJVj\^ûZLNÓ^VjIzf‰R;TNI:fEc OJLNI_ ÔhVjRNÒ"Q‰dJI:LNIzÔ fEWYÔ V eˆ\^c I:eˆI:WZTNIzÔ TN]^VjRTNIzÒ~]^W^VjÒ:fEcW^QETNIÐ$V c c)ãaIÓ^\MÔ^f‰TNIzÔ örð ~ðÉ^ðÇÍMSð R ‘zµq)%'xz& …Z yu(x:|NsuwUsU„yu‚ „ xz}Ž…1¶j‰x:^s ‹ˆC?¡~tˆ¢~„ :|~z…‰ w E^} ¡·¹z³ ¡:|·„ ƒŠZ¡ ŠJ³ |·ƒ Š|$E¶ sU|~xz¢ *} ‚ sU)„ w½+t‰+- ,/.1 0032

22/45667 73+83 9:8; :"!#;?Zµ  $$ ‰µ#@; µbHIKq)xzJLvZDMvhO|NsUNyuP#}?QS„ wUYRTZP#ŒUµB#EVXb¡:W}?Y·/„ s·AY|~Aa¢N¡"w wu‚ wUsU„ ¢~||$lœ¡"x:wuw[wU¡:|~y/¢[ºE„ y … xz‹ˆ…6¡"lnwUmZ|~o5}&p¡"JwU„„ …¢~y ‡r CZµ CA Z‚ } Et‰vJ‰sU|·„ Š^…Zµ †zC|NBs·5DE‘  F -Á‰G Eµ€qR]L µ][ !\œEaC‘ |~ D-…‰b wuDFsuHt‰!MY´$cd|NtÃsU|~DE¢~x"¹!aC|Nsuft e g ¡:& …bC Š AYl$}?q |~yu6yU¡::†z:|&’ € ¡"µwuw[E¡:vJ¢[sUºE„ y…Z†zxz|N… su £ ln(|NmsUo5ƒ ¡:p†Jh£Ä¢~:xzz}?E‘vhxzyu„ wU|z]^_`$ I  ’Jµ s[hJ¡:µ vZiœ‰7x tM^¡:y{wU…b|~Š1„ …q)¡:xz…b}?fŠ v hJ‚ µ w[i¡"wUµ „ xzE…b„ ƒ ¡:¹ƒY|NsUl }&‚ ¡:} …Y³