Nuachtlitir
CHERISH News
ISSUE 2 / EAGRÁN 2 J U L Y 2 01 8 / I Ú I L 20 18
CONTENTS / CLÁR ÁBHAIR WELCOME / FÁILTE
3
ABOUT CHERISH / MAIDIR LE CHERISH
4
HIGHLIGHTS NOVEMBER 2017–JUNE 2018 / BUAICPHOINTÍ SAMHAIN 2017 – MEITHEAMH 2018
6
ENGAGEMENT / CAIDREAMH GNÍOMHACH
16
CHERISH IN FOCUS / CHERISH I BHFÓCAS
18
PUFFTY’S FACT FILE / COMHAD FÍRICÍ PUFFTY
28
DATES FOR YOUR DIARY / DÁTAÍ DON DIALANN
31
Front Cover: Early medieval ecclesiastical island settlement of Illauntannig. Clúdach: Lonnaíocht oileáin eaglasta na luath-meánaoise Oileán tSeanaigh.
3
WELCOME to Issue 2 of CHERISH News
Welcome to the second issue of the CHERISH newsletter. This issue brings you some of our project highlights between November 2017 and June 2018, a very busy fieldwork period which also saw the first CHERISH professional seminar held in Llandudno, north Wales. Our new ‘CHERISH in Focus’ section also provides a more in-depth look at certain aspects of the project, including survey techniques, study sites and the CHERISH team. We hope you enjoy it! For day-to-day news and features – and to see where the CHERISH team is working – don’t forget to look at our website, Facebook and Twitter pages, details of which can be found below.
FÁILTE
go dtí Eagrán 2 de nuacht CHERISH Fáilte go dtí an dara heagrán de nuachtlitir CHERISH. San eagrán seo beimid ag breathnú ar bhuaicphointí de roinnt denár dtionscadail a tharla idir Samhain 2017 agus Meitheamh 2018, tréimhse saothair allamuigh a bhí an-ghnóthach. I rith na tréimhse seo, reáchtáladh an chéad seimineár gairmiúil CHERISH in Llandudno, i dtuaisceart na Breataine Bige. Sa rannóg ‘CHERISH i bhFócas’, tá léargas níos doimhne ann ar ghnéithe áirithe den tionscadal, lena n-áirítear teicnící suirbhéireachta, láithréain staidéir agus foireann CHERISH. Tá súil againn go mbainfidh tú taitneamh as! Le haghaidh níos mó eolais ar an nuacht ó lá go lá agus gnénuacht freisin – agus chun feiceáil cá bhfuil foireann CHERISH ag obair – féach ar ár suíomh gréasáin, Facebook agus leathanaigh Twitter. Tá sonraí le fáil thíos.
4
ABOUT CHERISH / MAIDIR LE CHERISH CHERISH is a five-year Ireland-Wales project, bringing together four partners across two nations: the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales; the Discovery Programme, Ireland; Aberystwyth University: Department of Geography and Earth Sciences; and Geological Survey Ireland. It began in January 2017 and will run until December 2021; it will receive €4.1 million of EU funds through the Ireland Wales Co-operation Programme 2014–2020. CHERISH is a truly cross-disciplinary project aimed at raising awareness and understanding of the past, present and near-future impacts of climate change, storminess and extreme weather events on the rich cultural heritage of our sea and coast. We link land and sea and employ a variety of techniques and methods to study some of the most iconic coastal locations in Ireland and Wales. These range from terrestrial and aerial laser scanning, geophysical survey and seabed mapping, through to palaeoenvironmental sampling, excavation and shipwreck monitoring.
The Skerries, Anglesey. Y Moelrhoniaid, Ynys Môn.
Is tionscadal cúig bliana idir Éire agus an Bhreatain Bheag é CHERISH, a thugann le chéile ceithre chomhpháirtí ó dhá náisiún: an Coimisún Ríoga ar Shéadchomharthaí Ársa agus Stairiúil na Breataine Bige; an Clár Fionnachtana, Éire; Ollscoil Aberystwyth: Roinn na Tíreolaíochta agus Domhaneolaíochtaí; agus Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta na hÉireann. Thosaigh sé in Eanáir 2017 agus rithfidh sé go dtí mí na Nollag 2021; maoineofar é le €4.1 milliún ó chistí an AE tríd an gClár Comhoibríochta Éire – an Bhreatain Bheag 2014–2020. Is tionscadal trasdisciplíneach amach is amach é CHERISH a bhfuil mar aidhm aige cur le heolas an phobail agus leis an tuiscint atá againn ar an athrú aeráide, ar stoirmeacha agus ar theagmhais aimsire eisceachtúla san am atá caite, atá anois ann agus atá le teacht fós, agus an éifeacht atá acusan ar oidhreacht chultúrtha shaibhir ár gcósta agus ár bhfarraige. Nascaimid an talamh agus an fharraige, agus bainimid úsáid as teicnící agus modhanna éagsúla chun staidéar a dhéanamh ar chuid de na ceantair chósta is iocónaí in Éirinn agus sa Bhreatain Bheag. Cuimsíonn na teicnící seo scanadh léasair on aer agus trastíre, mapáil a dhéanamh de ghrinneall na farraige agus suirbhéireacht geoifisiceach, sampláil pailéachomhshaoil, tochailt agus monatóireacht ar longa báite.
5
During our first year of the project we worked hard with agencies, stakeholders, landowners and local groups to finalise our joint-nation working areas. These have been selected on the basis of knowledge and data gaps (particularly islands and remote headlands), priority areas of erosion risk or where there is potential to collaborate on survey work. Visit the ‘Activities’ section of our project website for a clickable map where you can learn more about each study area.
I rith na chéad bhliana den tionscadal, rinneamar tréanobair le gníomhaireachtaí, le páirtithe leasmhara, le húinéirí talún agus le grúpaí áitiúla chun réimsí oibre an dá náisiún a shocrú. Roghnaíodh iad siúd ar bhonn eolais agus bearnaí sonraí (go háirithe na hoileáin agus ceann tíre iargúlta), ceantair atá i mbaol creimidh tromchúiseach, agus deiseanna comhoibrithe ar obair shuirbhéireachta. Tabhair cuairt ar an rannóg ‘Gníomhaíochtaí’ inár suíomh gréasáin. Feicfidh tú léirscáil ar féidir a chliceáil agus tuilleadh a fhoghlaim faoi gach ceantar staidéir.
An integrated approach to survey on land and under the sea. This graphic best describes the multidisciplinary approach to coastal and maritime recording that CHERISH employs in Wales and Ireland.
Cur chuige comhtháite ar shuirbhéireacht ar thalamh agus faoin bhfarraige. Léiríonn an graifaic seo ar an modh is fearr, an cur chuige ildisciplíneach ar an taifeadadh muirí agus cósta atá a úsáid ag CHERISH sa Bhreatain Bheag agus in Éirinn.
6
HIGHLIGHTS NOVEMBER 2017–JUNE 2018 BUAICPHOINTÍ SAMHAIN 2017 – MEITHEAMH 2018
Recording the remains of a shipwreck thought to be that of the FOSIL on The Warren beach near Abersoch in north Wales. Ag déanamh taifid de long bháite ar trá An Warren cóngarach d’Abersoch i dtuaisceart na Breataine Bige. Meastar gurb é an FOSIL é.
7
DATA GATHERING FROM THE AIR, ON SEA AND LAND / AG BAILIÚ SONRAÍ ÓN AER, AR AN BHFARRAIGE AGUS AR THALAMH The CHERISH project is all about joint working, combining the skills and expertise of the four partners to work as a single CHERISH Survey Team. It’s also about combining survey techniques in our study areas, using a ‘toolkit’ approach to tackle a site from every angle – the more difficult and remote the better! We’re making great progress. We’ve now logged over 28 hours of baseline aerial survey, commissioned and commenced mapping of 16.8 km² of LiDAR data, surveyed 170 km² of the seabed, undertaken 10 baseline terrestrial surveys, and retrieved sediment cores. Here are some of the details:
Is éard atá i gceist leis an tionscadal CHERISH ná comhoibriú, scileanna agus saineolas na gceithre comhpháirtí a chur le chéile chun feidhmiú mar Fhoireann suirbhéireachta CHERISH amháin. Ní mór teicnící suirbhéireachta a chomhcheangal sna ceantair staidéir agus úsáid a bhaint as cur chuige straitéiseach chun dul i ngleic le láithreán ó gach taobh – de réir mar atá sé níos deacra agus níos iargúlta, is ea is fearr! Tá ag éirí go hiontach linn. Tá os cionn 28 uair de shuirbhéireacht bunlíne ón aer logáilte againn; tá 16.8 km² de shonraí LiDAR coimisiúnaithe againn agus tá tosaithe againn le mapáil an cheantair sin; tá suirbhéireacht déanta againn ar 170 km² de ghrineall na farraige; tá 10 suirbhé talaimh bunlíne déanta againn; agus tá croídhríodair aisghafa againn. Seo roinnt de na sonraí:
The CHERISH team on a joint fieldwork visit to Dinas Dinlle in north Wales. Foireann CHERISH ar chomhchuairt saothair allamuigh ar Dinas Dinlle i dtuaisceart na Breataine Bige.
8
On the sea, the CHERISH marine team in collaboration with INFOMAR have been busy surveying off the south coast of Ireland and so far in 2018 have added over 30 km2 of bathymetric coverage within CHERISH areas. Six shipwrecks near the Saltee Islands off the south-east coast of Ireland have also been surveyed, and hydrographic notes for these were submitted to the UK Hydrographic Office to update the nautical charts and provide imagery on the current state of the vessels.
Ar an bhfarraige, bhí foireann muirí CHERISH i gcomhar le INFOMAR ag déanamh suirbhéireachta ar chósta theas na hÉireann agus go dtí seo in 2018 tá os cionn 30 km2 bataiméadrach curtha le ceantair CHERISH. Rinneadh suirbhéireacht freisin ar sé long bháite gar do na hoileáin Sailtí ar chósta thoir theas na hÉireann, agus cuireadh nótaí hidreagrafacha orthu isteach chuig Oifig Hidreagrafach na Ríochta Aontaithe chun cairteacha loingseoireachta a uasdhátaú agus chun íomhánna a chur ar fáil ar bhail reatha na soithí.
The SS Lenox is a steel-hulled British steam cargo ship built in 1895 by Barclay, Curle and Co. Ltd. She ran aground and was wrecked on South Saltee Island whilst being chased by a U-boat in December 1916.
Is lastlong inneall gaile Briotanach le cabhail chruach í an SS Lenox. Tógadh í in 1895 i gcomhlacht Barclay, Curle Teo. Chuaigh sí go tóin poill amach ó chósta an tSailte Mhóir agus U-Bhád sa tóir uirthi i mí na Nollag 1916.
In the dynamic intertidal zone, the CHERISH team have several study sites, including the wreck of a vessel thought to be the FOSIL on The Warren beach near Abersoch in north Wales. The vessel was recorded with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and photogrammetry to map its exact position on the foreshore. We’ll be returning at regular intervals and following events such as winter storms to monitor the exposure and condition of the vessel, and to record beach profiles adjacent to it. A surprise discovery on our visit to the beach was an area of exposed peat layers
Sa zón idirthaoideach fuinniúil seo, tá roinnt láithreáin staidéir, lena n-áirítear long bháite a mheastar gurb í an FOSIL í , ar trá Warren gar d’Abersoch i dtuaisceart na Breataine Bige. Rinneadh an soitheach a thaifeadadh le córas loingseoireachta satailíte (GNSS) agus fótagraiméadracht chun mapáil a dhéanamh ar cá bhfuil sé go beacht ar an imeall trá. Beimid ag teacht ar ais go rialta ag leanúint teagmhais amhail stoirmeacha geimhridh chun monaróireacht a dhéanamh ar riocht agus nochtadh an tsoithigh agus chun próifíl trá in aice leis a thaifeadadh. Thángamar trí thaisme ar áit ar an trá ina raibh sraitheanna
9
with the remains of tree stumps and fallen timbers of a prehistoric forest. Across the peat surface we recorded a series of prehistoric animal footprints and much later cuttings when the peat was gathered for fuel.
móna nochta le hiarsmaí stumpaí crainn le feiceáil i measc adhmad titime d’fhoraois réamhstairiúil. Ar dhromchla na móna rinneamar taifead de lorg coise ainmhí réamhstairiúil agus bhí gearrthacha ann freisin a rinneadh i bhfad níos déanaí nuair a mbaintí móin mar bhreosla.
Prehistoric animal footprints in exposed peat on The Warren beach near Abersoch, Gwynedd.
Lorg coise ainmhí réamhstairiúil i móin nocht ar trá An Warren gar d’Abersoch, i dtuaisceart na Breataine Bige.
10
Bremore Point in north County Dublin is famous for its prehistoric passage grave complex of five mounds overlooking the Irish Sea. Less well known is the fishing village and pier called Newhaven built in the sixteenth century on the southern side of the headland. It went out of use in the nineteenth century, and today the most prominent evidence of this settlement is the intertidal pier enclosing a small harbour. The pier arcs from the sandy bay, forming a narrow harbour entrance with the eroding cliffs to the north. Waves from the south and east have spread the drystone pier boulders into a linear mound along the original pier length which had incorporated natural rocky islets. A line of stones can still be discerned on the south side nearer the cliffs where boulders remain in a straight line. UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) survey by CHERISH has been undertaken over the headland and harbour to form a baseline record to complement future planned intertidal surveys.
Tá cáil ar Phointe Brí Mhór i dtuaisceart chontae Bhaile Átha Cliath as tuama pasáiste réamhstairiúil le cúig tuama ann a thugann aghaidh ar Mhuir Éireann. Níl oiread cáil ar shráidbhaile iascaireachta agus cé arb ainm dó An Cuan Nua a tógadh sa séú haois déag ar an taobh ó dheas den cheann tíre. Níor baineadh úsáid as ón naoú haois déag agus, sa lá atá inniu ann, na hiarsmaí is soiléire atá fágtha den lonnaíocht seo ná an cé idirthaoideach a chrioslaíonn cuan beag. Déanann an ché stua amach ón mbá gainmheach, rud a chruthaíonn slí isteach sa chuan atá cúng agus tá na haillte creimthe ó thuaidh. Tá na bolláin cé cloch shingil leathnaithe ag na tonnta a thagann aneas agus anoir i dumha líneach fad an ché agus oileáiní carraigeacha nádúrtha ionchorpraithe ann. Tá líne cloiche fós le feiceáil ar an taobh theas, gar do na haillte áit a bhfuil bolláin i líne díreach ann. Rinne CHERISH suirbhé le aerfheithicil gan foireann ar an gceann tíre agus ar an gcuan chun go mbeadh taifead bunlíne ann nuair a bheidh suirbhéanna idirthaoideach eile ar bun amach anseo.
Bremore Pier in north County Dublin. Cé Brí Mhór i dtuaisceart Chontae Bhaile Átha Cliath.
11
Fieldwork being carried out by the CHERISH Team on Bardsey Island.
Foireann CHERISH i mbun saothair allamuigh Oileán Enlli.
A number of the islands off the coast of Wales and Ireland are CHERISH study areas, and we have been able to make visits to some of them in recent months. We had four beautiful days on Bardsey Island off the tip of the Llŷn Peninsula in north Wales in May 2018. Here we took sediment cores from the island’s wetland areas, started ground truthing the archaeological map of the island created from our commissioned LiDAR data and aerial photography datasets, and accurately surveyed eroding sections of coastline. We also undertook rapid coastal zone assessment of the whole island, walking the shoreline to observe the rocky coastal geomorphology and both past and recent storm deposits. The seals, oystercatchers and Manx shearwaters were also very vocal – a fantastic place for lovers of wildlife!
Is ceantair staidéir CHERISH iad roinnt de na hoileáin amach ó chósta na Breataine Bige agus na hÉireann, agus bhíomar ábalta cuairt a thabhairt ar roinnt díobh le déanaí. Bhí ceithre lá álainn againn ar Oileán Enlli amach ó bharr na leithinse Llŷn i dtuaisceart na Breataine Bige i mí na Bealtaine 2018. Thógamar croí dríodair ó cheantair bhogacha an oileáin, thosaíomar ar fhíricí ón talamh a bhailiú chun léarscáil seandálaíochta a chur le chéile ó na sonraí LIDAR a bhí coimisiúnaithe againn mar aon le tacair sonraí fotagraifíochta ón aer. Lena chois sin, rinneamar suirbhéireacht chruinn ar pháirteanna den chósta atá ag creimeadh. Rinneamar measúnú gasta ar chósta an oileáin ar fad agus muid ag siúl ar an líne chladaigh chun féachaint ar gheomoirfeolaíocht an chósta carraigeach agus ar dheascáin stoirmeacha ar fágadh i bhfad ó shin agus le déanaí. Bhí na rónta, na roilligh agus na cánóga dubha le cloisteáil go maith – áit iontach dóibh siúd a bhfuil grá acu don fhiadhúlra!
12
On the north coast of County Kerry are the Maharees, which have the early medieval ecclesiastical island settlement of Illauntannig. Here, within a circular stone wall known as a cashel, are a church, a souterrain, three clocháns (stone bee-hive huts), and three leachta (cairns possibly used for burials). The erosion has been so severe that the Office of Public Works has built a wall on the seaward side of the cashel, but the rest of the island along with the neighbouring islands of Reenafardarrig and Illaunboe are being eroded by the sea. In April 2018, these islands were visited by the CHERISH team, who undertook a coastal and intertidal walkover survey during which pits, limpets, fishbone and animal bone were observed in eroding sections, along with a ballaun (a stone with a carved cross and hemispherical depression) often associated with religious sites and used as a mortar or for cursing and healing. UAV survey of Illauntannig covered the entire island providing the present extent of actively eroding areas as well as storm deposits, whilst terrestrial laser scanning was undertaken on the cashel of the island’s ecclesiastical settlement to monitor the effects the modern sea walls are having on surrounding presently unprotected areas.
Early medieval ecclesiastical island settlement of Illauntannig. Lonnaíocht oileáin eaglasta na luath-meánaoise Oileán tSeanaigh.
Tá na Machairí ar chósta thuaidh Chontae Chiarraí agus is ann atá lonnaíocht oileáin eaglasta na luathmeánaoise Oileán tSeanaigh. Anseo, laistigh de bhalla cloiche ciorclach ar a dtugtar caiseal, tá eaglais, uaimh faoi thalamh, thí chlochán agus trí leacht. Tá an creimeadh chomh tromchúiseach sin go bhfuil balla tógtha ag Oifig na nOibreacha Poiblí ar thaobh na farraige den chaiseal, ach tá an chuid eile den oiléan mar aon leis na hoileáin Rinn na bhFear Dearg agus Oileán Bó á gcreimeadh ag an bhfarraige. In Aibreán 2018, thug foireann CHERISH cuairt ar na hoileáin seo nuair a rinneamar suirbhé siúil cósta agus idir thaoideach. I rith an tsuirbhé chonaiceamar claiseanna, bairnigh, cnámh éisc agus ainmhí sna háiteanna a bhfuil an creimeadh ar siúl, mar aon le ballán (cloch ina bhfuil cros snoite ann agus logán leathsféarach). Is minic a chomhchleanglaítear é an ballán le láithreáin reiligiúnacha agus meastar gur baineadh úsáid as mar mhoirtéar nó chun mallacht nó leigheas a dhéanamh. Clúdaíodh Oileán tSeanaigh ar fad nuair a rinneadh an suirbhéireacht dróin agus tugadh chun solais an limistéar ina bhfuil creimeadh ar siúl go gníomhach mar aon le sil-leagan stoirme. Rinneamar scanadh léasair talaimh ar chaiseal na lonnaíochta chun monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar an tionchar atá ag ballaí farraige nua-aimseartha ar limistéir atá gan chosaint faoi láthair.
13
14
Dinas Dinlle hillfort is owned by the National Trust. It is set on a hill of glacial drift sediments overlooking the sea and Caernarfonshire coastal plain.
Is leis an Iontaobhas Náisiúnta é dún Dinas Dinlle. Tá sé suite ar chnoc dhríodar oigheardheasctha.
Fieldwork at some of our mainland study sites has included Dinas Dinlle near Caernarfon in north Wales – a famous hillfort mentioned in Welsh mythology, whose western defences are now dramatically eroding into the sea. Over the next few years the CHERISH team will be working here to monitor the impact of the coastal erosion and provide a greater understanding of the fort and its environs. So far, we’ve undertaken new aerial photography, a detailed earthwork survey, commissioned a geophysical survey to see beneath the soil, and retrieved sediment cores from the surrounding wetlands that will provide information about environmental conditions when the fort was occupied. The initial sediment results are promising – the cores are rich in pollen, and our first radiocarbon dates show they extend back around 3,000 years, to the very beginning of the Iron Age.
Mar chuid den saothair allamuigh a rinneamar ar láithreáin ar an mórthír bhíomar ag obair ar Dinas Dinlle gar do Caernarfon i dtuaisceart na Breataine Bige – dún cnoic cáiliúil a luaitear i miotaseolaíocht na Breataine Bige. Tá ballaí cosanta an dúin ag creimeadh go tapaidh isteach san fharraige. Sna blianta beaga atá le teacht, beidh foireann CHERISH gnóthach anseo ag déanamh monatóireachta ar thionchar an chreimidh chósta agus tuiscint níos leithne a fháil ar an dún agus ar an timpeallacht. Go dtí seo, tá fotagrafaíocht ón aer déanta againn, mionsuirbhé créfoirt, tá suirbhé geoifisiceach coimisiúnaithe againn chun féachaint taobh thíos den ithir agus tá croídhríodair aisghafa againn ón mbogach thart timpeall a chuirfidh faisnéis ar fáil maidir leis na dálaí comhshaoil a bhí i bhfeidhm nuair a bhí daoine ina gcónaí ann. De réir na torthaí tosaigh ón dríodar, ta roinnt mhaith pailine sna samplaí. De réir na chéad dátaí radacarbóin atá againn, téann siad siar tuairim is 3,000 bliain, fiú go dtí tús na hIarannaoise.
15
We also had a rare opportunity to work on the restricted Castlemartin Training Area in south Pembrokeshire. This is a busy tank firing range in almost constant use, day and night, apart from two or three periods of ‘downtime’ a year. It is a fantastic landscape packed with nationally important prehistoric coastal promontory forts, wetlands and coastal dune systems. After a safety briefing to help recognise unexploded ordnance, we went to assess sediment deposits from Frains Lake and then took a core over 5 metres in depth from Castlemartin Corse, a large wetland situated behind the sand dune system at Freshwater West. Our first radiocarbon dates suggest that the core extends back around 4,500 years. It is hoped that high-resolution analysis of the core will contain physical and chemical indicators of past storm activity. On the spectacular limestone cliffs, we undertook monitoring surveys of the promontory forts at Linney Head and Flimston to compare with the surveys carried out by the Royal Commission back in 2008. Finally, a light aircraft was chartered from nearby Haverfordwest Airport to fly over the study sites at low level whilst the CHERISH teams were still on the ground, gathering new detailed imagery in orbit suitable for photogrammetry.
Aberystywth University coring at Castlemartin in Pembrokeshire. Here the CHERISH team have worked closely with Natural Resources Wales, Defence Infrastructure Organisation and Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.
Bhí an deis againn freisin obair ar Limistéar Treanála Castlemartin i dtuaisceart Pembrokeshire. Is limistéar srianta é seo agus is annamh a bhíonn an deis dul isteach ann. Is raon lámhaigh míleata le haghaidh tancanna é seo atá de shíor in úsáid, lá agus oíche, seachas dhá nó trí tréimhse ‘aga neamhfhónaimh’ sa bhliain. Is tírdhreach iontach é atá lán de dhúin ceanntíre réamhstairiúla a bhfuil tábhacht náisiúnta ag baint leo, agus bogaigh agus córais duimhche cósta freisin. Tar éis faisnéis sábháilteachta a fháil chun cabhrú linn ordanáis neamhphléasctha a aithint, chuamar go dtí Loch Frains chun dríodar a mheas agus ansin thógamar croí dríodair a bhí os cionn 5 méadar de dhoimhneacht aige ó Corse Castlemartin, bogach mór suite taobh thiar den chóras duimhche ag Freshwater West. Tá le tuiscint ónár gcéad dátaí radacarbóin go dtéann an sampla siar timpeall 4,500 bliain. Táimid ag súil go dtaispeánfaidh anailís ardtaifeach den chór táscairí fisiceacha agus cimiceacha de ghníomhaíocht stoirme san am atá caite. Ar na haillte breátha aolchloiche, rinneamar suirbhéireacht monatóireachta ar dhúin ceann tíre ag Linney Head agus Flimston chun comparáid a dhéanamh leis na suirbhéanna a rinne an Coimisiún Ríoga in 2008. Ar deireadh, cairtfhostaíodh eitleán éadtrom ó Aerfort Haverfordwest chun eitilt go híseal thar na láithreáin staidéir. D’fhann foireann CHERISH ar an talamh agus bhailíomar íomhánna nua mionsonraithe oiriúnach le hadhaidh fótagraiméadrachta.
Ollscoil Aberystywth ag bailiú samplaí dríodairchroí ag Castlemartin ; bhí dlúthbhaint ag foireann CHERISH le hAcmhainn� Nádúrtha na Breataine Bige, Eagraíocht Infreastruchtúir Cosanta agus Páirc Náisiúnta Pembrokeshire.
16
ENGAGEMENT / CAIDREAMH GNÍOMHACH Since the start of our project, we’ve engaged with nearly 6,500 people face to face and have spoken and exhibited at 24 events. Over the past six months, this has included Europe Day on 9 May 2018 at Aberystwyth Bandstand, National Science Week held at Aberystwyth University, Historic Environment Scotland’s #climateheritage conference at the Engine Shed in Stirling, the 4th European Conference on Scientific Diving in Orkney, the Institute of Archaeologists of Ireland conference in Sligo, and the Pembrokeshire Archaeology day school in Haverfordwest.
Ó thosaíomar leis an tionscadal, bhí baint againn le beagnach 6,500 duine aghaidh ar aghaidh, agus bhíomar ag 24 ócáid ag labhairt agus ag taispeáint. Sna sé mhí atá thart, bhíomar gníomhach ag Lá na hEorpa ar 9 Bealtaine 2018 ag Ardán Ceolbhuíne Aberystwyth, Seachtain Náisiúnta na hEolaíochta ag Ollscoil Aberystwyth, comhdháil ar oidhreacht aeráide de chuid Timpeallacht Stairiúil na hAlban san Engine Shed i Stirling, an 4ú Comhdháil Eorpach ar Thumadóireacht Eolaíochta in Inis Orc, comhdháil Institiúid Seandálaithe na hÉireann i Sligeach, agus Scoil Lae Seandálaíochta Pembrokeshire i Haverfordwest.
Science Week at Aberystwyth University: More than 1,500 school children aged 9–12 attended National Science Week. Visitors learned more about UAV surveys, explored 3D models and used microscopes to find out about the clues hidden in mud that help us understand past environments.
Seachtain na hEolaíochta ag Ollscoil Aberystwyth University: D’fhreastail os cionn 1,500 leanaí scoile idir 9-12 bliain d’aois ar Sheachtain na hEolaíochta. D’fhoghlaim cuairteoirí tuilleadh maidir le suirbhéireacht dróin, d’fhéach siad ar shamhail 3D agus d’úsáid siad micreascóip chun níos mó a fhoghlaim faoi na leideanna atá ceilte sa láib a chabhraíonn linn ár dtimpeallacht fadó a thuiscint.
17
The main highlight of the last six months has been our first free event, the CHERISH Professional Seminar on 17 May 2018 in Venue Cymru, Llandudno. It was a hugely successful day, attended by nearly 80 delegates with position papers on UK climate change and coastal heritage policy from Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland as well as talks about survey, research and public engagement. Speakers included the SCAPE Trust, CITiZAN, The Heritage Council (Ireland), Natural Resources Wales, the National Trust, the Welsh Local Government Association, Historic England, Glasgow University and the CHERISH team. All the presentations from the day are now available to download from the ‘Conferences’ section of our website.
We had great feedback from our CHERISH Professional Seminar: ‘Yesterday’s @CHERISHproj meeting at magnificent Llandudno was indeed a most inspiring event.’; ‘My “like” finger is worn out from following all the brilliant tweeting out of @CHERISHproj’s #climateheritage Seminar 2018.’ B’iontach an t-aiseolas a fuaireamar ón Seimineár Gairmiúil CHERISH : ‘B’ócáid an –inspioráideach í cruinniú @ CHERISHproj i Llandudno iontach inné.’ ‘Tá mo mhéar “is maith liom” caite amach ó bheith ag leanúint na tvuíteanna iontacha ó Sheimineár 2018 @CHERISHproj’s #climateheritage.’
The profile and reach of CHERISH continues to grow. Our Facebook posts have reached nearly a quarter of a million people – 19,000 alone for an aerial video of Bardsey Island – and we have made the national news with some of our fieldwork discoveries, such as those on Ramsey Island in Pembrokeshire. We have also been able to provide an overview of the project to Lord Dafydd Elis-Thomas AM, Minister for Culture, Tourism and Sport in Wales; Ben Lake MP for Ceredigion; and Jospeha Madigan, Minister of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht in Ireland.
Buaicphointe na sé mhí atá thart ná an chéad ócáid gan chostas a reáchtálamar, Seimineár Gairmiúil CHERISH ar 17 Bealtaine 2018 i Venue Cymru, Llandudno. D’éirigh thar fóir leis, bhí beagnach 80 dealagáidí i láthair le páipéir seasaimh ar athrú aeráide sa Bhreatain agus beartas maidir le hoidhreacht chósta ó Albain, Sasana, an Bhreatain Bheag agus Éire, mar aon le cainteanna ar shuirbhéireacht, taighde agus rannpháirtíocht phoiblí. I measc na gcainteoirí bhí SCAPE Trusy, CITIZAN, an Chomhairle Oidhreachta (Éire), Acmhainní Nádúrtha na Breataine Bige, an Taisce Náisiúnta, Cumann Rialtas Áitiúil na Breataine Bige, Sasana Stairiúil, Ollscoil Ghlaschú agus foireann CHERISH. Is féidir gach cur i láthair ón lá sin a íoslódáil anois ón rannóg ‘Comhdhálacha’ ar ár suíomh gréasáin.
MP Ben Lake and AM Lord Dafydd Elis-Thomas were very pleased to receive their CHERISH hats at a meeting with the Royal Commission CHERISH team. MP Ben Lake agus AM Lord Dafydd Elis-Thomas. Bhí an-áthas orthu hataí CHERISH a fháil ag cruinniú le foireann CHERISH an Choimisiúin Ríoga.
Tá próifíl agus scaipeadh CHERISH ag fás i gcónaí. Tá ár bpostálacha Facebook faighte ag beagnach ceathrú milliún duine – 19,000 dóibh siúd chun breathnú ar fhíseán ón aer d’Oileán Enlli – agus bhíomar ar an nuacht náisiúnta mar gheall ar chuid de na rudaí a d’aimsíomar inár saothair allamuigh, mar shampla, ar Oileán Ramsey i bPembrokeshire. Lena chois sin, thugamar achoimre den tionscadal don Tiarna Dafydd Elis-Thomas AM, Aire Cultúir, Turasóireachta agus Spóirt sa Bhreatain Bheag; Ben Lake MP le haghaidh Ceredigion; agus Josepha Madigan, Aire Cultúir, Oidhreachta agus Gaeltachta in Éirinn.
18
CHERISH IN FOCUS / CHERISH I BHFÓCAS
In this and future issues, we’re providing a more in-depth look at certain aspects of CHERISH, including some of our survey techniques, study sites and the team.
San eagrán seo agus sna heagráin a bheidh ann amach anseo, ba mhaith linn léargas níos doimhne a sholáthar ar ghnéithe áirithe de CHERISH. San áireamh beidh roinnt de na teicnící staidéir, láithreáin staidéir agus faisnéis maidir leis an bhfoireann.
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Bardsey Island off the tip of the Llŷn Peninsula, generated from CHERISH 25-centimetre LiDAR data. Samhail dhigiteach den airde (DEM) d’Oileán Bardsey amach ó bharr leithinis Llŷn, ginte ó shonraí LiDAR 25-cm.
19
OUR TOOL KIT APPROACH: SURVEY TECHNIQUES / ÁR GCUR CHUIGE STRAITÉISEACH : TEICNÍCÍ SUIRBHÉIREACHTA LiDAR
LiDAR
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an exciting and extremely visual remote sensing technique that is being extensively used within CHERISH to identify and recreate some of our most threatened coastal archaeological landscapes.
Is teicníc chianbhraiteach é LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) atá an-fhísiúil. Tá sí á húsáid go forleathan laistigh de CHERISH chun an tírdhreach seandálaíochta cósta is mó atá i mbaol a aithint agus a athchruthú.
The technique first started to be used for archaeological survey in the UK during the 2000s and has since became a mainstay for archaeologists studying the diverse and expansive landscapes of the country. In practice, a LiDAR survey consists of the transmission of an active scanning laser beam from a fixed-wing aircraft towards the ground. The reflection of the beams transmitted back to the aircraft are then measured to give distance values which are used to create an accurate and precise 3D digital model of the underlying landscape. Creating these models not only means we can accurately map and record previously undiscovered archaeology, but they also enable us to actively monitor the effects that coastal erosion is having on our sites. Within CHERISH, we will be using LiDAR data to create new detailed archaeological maps of several of our sites, bringing together previous surveys and new discoveries. Not only will this be the first time many of these sites are mapped in this way, but it will also enable us to identify the full extent of them, allowing us to fully assess the impact coastal erosion is having at these fragile places.
Baineadh úsáid ar dtús as an teicníc le haghaidh súirbhéireacht seandálaíochta sa Ríocht Aontaithe sna 2000í agus bíonn seandálaithe ag brath uirthi anois chun staidéar a dhéanamh ar thírdhreacha éagsúla na tíre. Is éard atá i gceist le suirbhé LIDAR ná léasair scanála ó eitleán sciatháin dhobhogtha a sheachadadh chun an talaimh. Déantar frithchaitheamh na léasa a sheachadaítear ar ais go dtí an eitleán, déantar é a thomhas chun luachanna faid a fháil. Úsáidtear na tomhais seo chun samhail digiteach 3D anchruinn a chruthú den tírdhreach thíos. Trí na samhlacha seo a chruthú is féidir linn mapáil agus taifeadadh a dhéanamh ar sheandálaíocht a bhí gan nochtadh go dtí seo. Ní hamháin sin ach cuireann siad ar ár gcumas monatóireacht ghníomhach a dhéanamh ar an tionchar atá ag an gcreimeadh cósta ar ár láithreáin. Laistigh de CHERISH, beimid ag baint úsáide as sonraí LiDAR chun léarscáileacha mionsonraithe nua a chruthú de roinnt denár láithreáin, a thabharfaidh le chéile suirbhéanna a rinneadh roimhe seo agus sonraí nua. Is í seo an chéad uair a dhéanfar cuid mhór de na láithreáin seo a mhapáil ar an dóigh seo. Ní hamháin sin ach beimid ábalta méid iomlán na láithreán a aithint agus beimid ábalta tionchar na gcreimidh cósta ar na háiteanna leochaileacha seo a mheas go hiomlán.
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Dinas Dinlle, Gwynedd, generated from 50-centimetre LiDAR data. Areas coloured red indicate the highest ground with blue the lower lying areas. Samhail dhigiteach den airde de Dinas Dinlle, Gwynedd ginte ó shonraí LiDAR 50-cm. Taispeánann an dath dearg an talamh is airde agus limistéir atá gorm an talamh is ísle.
Lehmann Aviation L-A 500
UAV survey
Suirbhéireacht UAV
Across the CHERISH partners, we have a series of complimentary UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) systems designed for different applications within the project. Many stories in this edition of the newsletter illustrate the enormous contributions that UAVs are already making to the project, from the 3D models of Dunbeg – recording catastrophic change and identifying possible new route ways – to the spectacular landscape setting of the monastic site on Illauntannig and identifying the Bremore sixteenth-century pier. Here’s an outline of some of the systems we’re using:
Tá roinnt aerfheithicil gan foireann ag CHERISH. Déantar iad a roinnt thar na páirtithe éagsúla agus úsáidtear iad le haghaidh feidhmeanna difriúla laistigh den tionscadal. Is léir ó an-chuid de na scéalta atá san eagrán seo den nuachtlitir cé chomh tábhachtach is atá na UAVanna don tionscadal. Mar shampla, samhlacha 3D den Dún Beag – athrú tubaisteach a thaifeadadh agus bealaí isteach nua a aithint más ann dóibh – íomhánna iontacha den láithreán mainistreach ar Oileán tSeanaigh agus cé Brí Mhóir ón séú haois déag a aithint. Seo a leanas cur síos ar roinnt de na córais as a mbainimid úsáid:
• DJI Phantom 4 Advanced and Pro and DJI Inspire 1V2: a small, compact, easily portable quadcopter. This has a built-in 20-megapixel camera and gimbal and is used primarily for photogrammetric mapping of smaller sites and landscapes. It’s also used for capturing oblique images and can shoot video if required.
• DJI Phantom 4 Advanced agus Pro agus DJI Inspire 1V2: quadcaptar beag, dlúth agus iniompartha go héasca. Ceamara ionsuite 20- meigiphicteilín agus giombal. Úsáidtear go príomha é chun mapáil fótagraiméadrach a dhéanamh de láithreáin agus tírdhreach bheaga. Is féidir é a úsáid chun fiaríomhánna a ghabháil agus is féidir físeáin a dhéanamh más gá.
• DJI Matrice 600 Pro: a large hexacopter capable of carrying a payload up to 5.5 kg. For CHERISH, a Canon EOS 6D camera has been mounted on a gimbal, and this
• DJI Matrice 600 Pro: hexacapter mór. Is féidir leis pálasta go dtí 5.5 kg a iompar. Ar son CHERISH, feistíodh ceamara Canon EOS 6D ar ghiombal, agus is féidir fiseán lán HD a
DJI Phantom 4
DJI Matrice 600 Pro
21
gives the capability to capture full HD video (1080p) and high-resolution oblique site photography (full frame 20.2 megapixel). • Lehmann Aviation L-A 500: this is a fixed-wing UAV mapping system capable of mapping larger landscapes, operating over greater distances. It has an interchangeable payload, to allow for standard RGB camera or a multispectral imaging system – including infra-red imagery.
ghabháil (1080p) agus fiarfhótagrafaíocht ardtaifeach dhéanamh (fráma lán 20.2 meigiphicteilín). • Lehmann Aviation L-A 500: is córas mapála sciatháin dhobhogtha UAV é seo. Is féidir leis tírdhreach níos mó a mhapáil agus feidhmiú thar achair níos mó. Tá pálasta inmhalartaithe aige – is féidir úsáid a bhaint as gnáthcheamara RGB nó córas íomháú ilspeictreach – íomháú infridhearg san áireamh.
• Trimble UX5HP: a fixed-wing UAV that can fly in wind speeds up to 55 km/h and light rain. It has a 36.4-megapixel Sony a7R camera which has the functionality to interchange between 15 mm, 25 mm and 35 mm lenses. It also has direct georeferencing, which enables high-precision recording of the positioning of the camera when each image is taken. The UX5HP is theoretically able to precisely map vast areas in a single flight but is limited by site conditions as it needs a clearing for take-off and landing.
• Trimble UX5HP: UAV sciatháin dhobhogtha ar féidir leis eitilt i luas gaoithe suas go 55 km/h agus i mbáisteach éadtrom. Tá ceamara Sony a7R 36.4 meigiphicteilín aige agus is féidir leis malartú idir lionsa 15 mm, 25 mm agus 35 mm. Tá geoshuíomh díreach aige a chiallaíonn gur féidir leis taifeadadh fíorchruinn de shuíomh an cheamara a dhéanamh nuair a thógtar gach íomhá. Go teoiriciúil, is féidir leis an UX5HP mapáil chruinn a dhéanamh d’achar ollmhór in aon eitilt amháin ach tá sé srianta ag dálaí an láithreáin mar tá gá aige le talamh bán chun dul in airde agus chun leandáil.
• Microdrones md4-3000: a heavy-lift quadcopter with an interchangeable payload. Two payloads are available to the CHERISH project. The first is the mdmapper DG consisting of a 42.4-megapixel Sony RX1R-II camera, a nadir gimbal which ensures the camera is always pointing perpendicular to the ground and has direct georeferencing capability. It has the advantage over the Trimble UX5HP of being able to precisely control its flight path, avoiding flying over certain areas if required and taking off and landing vertically. The second payload is the +i package which is an inspection system capable of recording HD video using a 24.2-megapixel Sony A6300 camera and relaying live video feed.
• Microdrones md4-3000: quadcaptar ar féidir leis lasta trom a ardú. Tá pálasta inmhalartaithe aige. Tá dhá phálasta ar fáil don tionscadal CHERISH. An chéad cheann ná mdmaper DG le ceamara Sony RX1R-II 42.4 meigiphicteilín S, giombal nadir a chinntíonn go bhfuil an ceamara i gcónaí dírithe i dtreo ingearach leis an talamh, agus tá geoshuíomh díreach aige. Tá de bhuntáiste aige ar an Trimble UX5HP ná go bhfuil smacht iomlán aige ar a chonair eitilte. Is féidir leis áiteanna áirithe a sheachaint más gá agus is féidir leis dul in airde agus leandáil go hingearach. An dara pálasta atá aige ná an pacáiste +i. Is córas iniúchta é seo ar féidir leis fiseán HD a dhéanamh trí úsáid a bhaint as ceamara Sony A6300 24.2 meigiphicteilín agus fotha beo a athsheachadadh.
Trimble UX5HP
Microdrones md4-3000
22
A CHERISH STUDY SITE: THE EARLY MEDIEVAL FORT OF DUNBEG, CO. KERRY / LÁITHREÁN STAIDÉIR CHERISH: DÚNFORT LUATH-MHEÁNAOISEACH AN DÚIN BHIG, CONTAE CHIARRAÍ Exposed to Atlantic gales and waves is the promontory fort of Dunbeg in County Kerry. The site lies at the foot of Mount Eagle, overlooking the mouth of Dingle Bay with views to Valentia Island and the World Heritage Site of Skellig Michael. Dunbeg is a monument at risk and a priority CHERISH study site, having suffered many episodes of collapse, so much so that the site is now unsafe and closed to the public.
Gan aon fhoscadh ar ghálaí agus tonnta an Atlantaigh tá dún ceann tíre an Dún Beag i gContae Chiarraí. Tá an láithreán ag bun shliabh an Iolair os cionn bhéal Bhá an Daingin le radharcanna ar Oileán Dairbhe agus Láithreán Oidhreachta Domhanda Sceilg Mhichíl. Is séadchomhartha é an Dún Beag atá i mbaol agus tá tús áite aige mar láithreán staidéir CHERISH de bharr an mhéid de atá tite isteach san fharraige ag amanna éagsúla. Níl an láithreán sábháilte anois agus tá sé dúnta don phobal.
In Ireland, most promontory forts span the Iron Age to the medieval period and are thought to be refuges from land and sea attack with more elaborate
In Éirinn, lean tréimhse na ndún ceann tíre ón Iarannaois don Mheánaois agus meastar gur tearmann iad ó ionsaithe
UAV image of Dunbeg looking south over Dingle Bay in April 2018.
Iomhá UAV den Dún Beag ag féachaint ó dheas os cionn Bhá an Daingin in Aibreán 2018.
23
Model generated from UAV imagery showing a possible route up to Dunbeg from Coosadoona (the creek of the fort).
Samhail ginte ó íomhánna UAV a thaispeánann bealach a d’fhéadfaí a úsáid suas go dtí an Dún Beag ó Chuas an Dúna.
complexes associated with trade and prestige for a regional ruler. Radiocarbon dates from excavation indicate that Dunbeg was occupied from the sixth to eleventh centuries. The fort is defended by four banks, five ditches and an inner drystone rampart flanked by two guard chambers along with an underground stone-built passage, known as a souterrain, which extends back to the second bank. Crossing the banks and ditches is a central causeway leading through the drystone rampart to the interior and the clochán, the main dwelling of the fort. This drystone structure is circular externally but rectangular on the inside. Early plans and recent CHERISH UAV imagery also show access from the fort to the sea, directly linking Dunbeg to other maritime communities such as Skellig Michael.
ó níos faide istigh sa tír agus ón bhfarraige . Meastar go mbaineann na coimpléascanna níos casta le tráchtáil agus le gradam rialtóir réigiúnach. Is léir ó dhátaí radacarbóin ó thochailtí go raibh an Dún beag faoi fhorghabháil ón tséú haois go dtí an t-aonú haois déag. Tá ceithre bhanc agus cúig dhíog cosanta, mar aon le múrcosanta istigh de choch shingil atá idir dhá sheomra garda. Chomh maith leis sin tá pasáiste cloiche ar a thugtar souterrain, a shíneann siar go dtí an dara bhanc. Tá cabhsa lárnach a thrasnaíonn na bainc agus na díoga tríd an múr cosanta to dtí an taobh istigh agus an clochán, príomháit chónaithe an dúin. Tá an struchtúir cloch shingil ciorclach ar an taobh amuigh ach dronuilleogach ar an taobh istigh. Is léir ó luathphleananna agus ó íomhánna UAV a rinneadh le déanaí go bhfuil rochtain ón dún go dtí an fharraige, rud a nascann an Dún Beag le pobail muirí eile ar nós Sceilg Mhichíl.
A series of maps and plans allows us to chart rates of erosion at the fort since the mid-nineteenth century, with the most recent rates recorded through CHERISH UAV and laser scan surveys. For example, between the 1897 Ordnance Survey and an Office of Public Works (OPW) visit in 1915, 9.5 m of the drystone rampart on the western side of the fort had collapsed and fissures had appeared on the ground near the clochán and first bank. Further loss by 1977 led to
Le cabhair ó léarscáileanna agus pleananna is féidir linn rátaí creimidh sa dún a rianú ó lár na naoú haoise déag. Rinneadh na rátaí is déanaí a thaifeadadh le CHERISH UAV agus suirbhéanna scanadh léasair. Mar shampla, idir Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis a rinneadh in 1897 agus cuairt ó Oifig na nOibreacha Poiblí in 1915, bhí 9.5 m den mhúr cosanta cloch shingil ar an taobh thiar den dún tar éis titim agus bhí scoilteáin le feiceáil ar an talamh in aice leis an gclochán agus an chéad bhanc. Tharla
24
the OPW initiating an excavation at the site. In late January 2014, a storm resulted in the southern side of the entrance through the rampart collapsing and, in December 2017, the site had to be closed after flash flooding down Mount Eagle caused stream erosion within the fort causeway, banks and ditches. Then, during Storm Eleanor on 3 January 2018, the entrance through the rampart and the ground below collapsed into the sea. With the CHERISH team working along the Kerry coast in the Dingle and Iveragh Peninsulas, we are now able to place Dunbeg in its landscape context. The lack of artefacts in the clochán has led to previous interpretations that the site was occupied for short durations during times of emergency. However, within 300 m of the fort are a further twelve clocháns, a cashel, another souterrain, a church and graveyard, a rude stone cross and four cross-inscribed stones, indicating that Dunbeg sat at the heart of a thriving medieval coastal community.
tuilleadh caillteanais ann agus in 1977 thosaigh Oifig na nOibreacha Poiblí ag tochailt ar an láithreán. Ag deireadh mhí Eanáir 2014, thit an taobh theas den slí isteach tríd an múr cosanta de bharr stoirme, agus i mí na Nollag 2017, ba ghá an láithreán a dhúnadh nuair a bhí creimeadh bruach srutha laistigh de chabhsa, de bhanc agus de dhíog an dúna tar éis maidhm thuile a tháinig síos Sliabh an Iolair. Ansin, tar éis Stoirm Eleanor ar 3 Eanáir 2018, thit an slí isteach tríd an múr cosanta agus an talamh taobh thíos de isteach san fharraige. Tá foireann CHERISH ag obair feadh chósta Chiarraí i leithinis gCorca Dhuibhne agus Uíbh Ráthaigh agus táimid ábalta anois an Dún Beag a lonnú i gcomhthéacs tírdhreacha. Tá easpa déantán sna clocháin agus an míniú a tugadh air seo roimhe seo, ná go raibh an láithreán in úsáid ar feadh tréimhsí gearra i gcúinsí éigeándála. É sin ráite, laistigh de 300 m den dún tá dhá chlochán déag eile ann, caiseal, uaimh thalún, eaglais agus reilig, cros cloiche simplí agus ceithre chloch inscríofa le crosanna, rud a insíonn dúinn go raibh an Dún Beag i gcroílár phobail chósta meánaoiseach a bhí faoi bhláth.
Models generated from UAV imagery charting the loss of land on the western side of Dunbeg. Gineadh na samhlacha ó íomhánna Aerfheithicle gan Foireann (UAV) a rinne an cailleadh talún laistiar den Dún Beag a léarscáiliú.
25
The SS Idaho is a British sailing and steam engine passenger ship built in 1869 by Palmer’s Shipbuilding and Iron Co. Ltd. She ran aground on Connigmore rocks near the Saltee Islands in 1878 on a voyage from New York to Liverpool and now lies in 37 metres of water.
Is long phaisinéirí ineall gaile Briotanach í an SS Idaho a tógadh in 1869 i gcomhlacht Longthógáil agus Iarann Palmer Teo. Chuaigh sí i dtalamh ar charraigeacha Connigmore gar do na hoileáin Sailtí in 1878 agus í ar thuras ó Nua-Eabhrac go Learpholl agus tá sí anois 37 méadar thíos san uisce.
26
MEET THE CHERISH TEAM / CUIR AITHNE AR FHOIREANN CHERISH Patrick Robson, Aberystwyth University
Patrick Robson, Ollscoil Aberystwyth
As a mature student I studied Environmental Science at Aberystwyth University, before undertaking an MPhil reconstructing the vegetation history of Pembrokeshire’s Castell Henllys Iron-age fort. I then embarked on a PhD examining the glacial and postglacial history of the Rhinogydd Mountains in north Wales. My role in the CHERISH project is to develop palaeoenvironmental records from around the Welsh and Irish coasts to identify local and regional patterns of storminess and climatic changes over time. We’re taking sediment cores from bogs and coastal lagoons from a series of sites. It’s messy and muddy work but also good fun. Laboratory analysis involves a combination of chemical, physical and biological techniques. These include pollen analysis to reconstruct past vegetation and geochemical analysis to identify indicators of sea spray or wind-blown material.
Mar mhac léinn lánfhásta rinne mé staidéar ar Eolaíocht an Chomhshaoil in Ollscoil Aberystwyth sula ndeachaigh mé i mbun MPhil chun stair fhásra dúnfort iarannaoise Castell Henllys i bPembrokeshire a athchruthú. Ansin thosaigh mé ar PhD chun imscrúdú a dhéanamh ar stair oighreach agus iaroighreach Sléibhte Rhinogydd i dtuaisceart na Breataine Bige. An ról atá agam sa tionscadal CHERISH ná taifead phailéachomhshaoil ó chósta na Breataine Bige agus na hÉireann a fhorbairt, chun patrúin stoirme agus athrú aeráide áitiúla agus réigiúnacha a aithint. Táimid ag baint croídríodair ó phortaigh agus ó mhurlaigh chósta i láithreáin eagsúla. Is obair lábach agus dhraoibeach í ach bainim sult aisti. Bíonn teicnící bitheolaíochta, fisiceacha agus ceimiceacha ag baint leis an anailís saotharlainne. Ina measc tá anailís ar phailin chun stair fhásra a athchruthú agus anailís geoicimiceach chun táscairí ábhar gaothshéidte nó sprae farraige a aithint.
I have lived on the Pembrokeshire coast all my adult life, witnessing first-hand the impact of the prevailing Atlantic weather systems battering our coastline, but I also enjoy boating, water-sports, fishing or swimming off our fantastic beaches when the weather is at its best. I have been a volunteer Coastguard for nearly 30 years – a role that has got me into places and situations I would never have dreamt of, but which have been truly life changing. Working on the CHERISH project is a dream come true for me, as it combines research into landscape development and climatic change with human impact set in some of the most beautiful places in Wales and Ireland.
Tá mo shaol fásta go léir caite agam ar chósta Pembrokeshire, áit a bhfuil éifeacht na gcóras aimsire Atlanaigh a bhíonn ag bascadh ár n-imeallbhord le brath go maith. Ach is breá liom freisin bheith ag badóireacht, ag déanamh spóirt uisce, ag iascaireacht nó ag snámh inár dtránna iontacha nuair a bhíonn an aimsir go maith. Táim i m’oibrí deonach don Gharda Cósta le beagnach 30 bliain anuas –tharla go leor rudaí iontacha agus aisteacha agus me sa ról sin nach raibh coinne agam leo ar chor ar bith, ach a d’athraigh mo shaol ó bhonn. Is brionglóid dom é bheith ag obair don tionscadal CHERISH nár cheap mé a tharlódh riamh. Cuireann sé le chéile taighde ar fhorbairt tírdhreach agus athrú aeráide, agus an tionchar daonna san áireamh, agus tá sé lonnaithe i roinnt de na háiteanna is áille sa Bhreatain Bheag agus in Éirinn.
27
Sandra Henry, Discovery Programme, Ireland
Sandra Henry, Clár Fionnachtana, Éire
I studied archaeology and classical studies at NUI, Galway, before going on to work on dryland and wetland archaeology projects throughout Ireland. I then returned to my studies to undertake a Masters in Maritime Archaeology at the University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg. Since then, I have worked as a maritime archaeologist for public bodies, commercial units and in academic institutes.
Rinne me staidéar ar an seandálaíocht agus an léann clasaiceach in ONÉ, Gaillimh, sula ndeachaigh mé ag obair ar thionscadail seandálaíochta bhogaigh agus ar thalamh tirim ar fud na tíre. Ina dhiaidh sin, chuaigh mé i mbun staidéir chun Máistreacht a bhaint amach sa Seandálaíocht Mhuirí ag Ollscoil na Danmhairge Theas, Esbjerg. Ó shin i leith, tá mé ag obair mar sheandálaí muirí le haghaidh chomhlachtaí poiblí, aonaid tráchtála agus in institiúidí acadúla.
My role within the CHERISH team involves site identification, research and development of methodologies to understand the impacts of climate change on cultural heritage. I am currently undertaking a PhD with the University of the Highlands and Islands, Orkney, that compliments the CHERISH project through investigating a parallel path of research.
An rud a dhéanaim laistigh de CHERISH ná modhanna a aithint, a fhorbairt agus taighde a dhéanamh orthu chun an tionchar atá ag an athrú aeráide ar oidhreacht chultúrtha a thuiscint. Faoi láthair, táim i mbun PhD in Ollscoil na nGarbhchríoch agus na n-Oileán, Inse Orc, a chomhlaníonn an tionscadal CHERISH trí imscrúdú a dhéanamh ar bhealach taighde comhthreomhar.
Working on the CHERISH team is a truly enjoyable experience as the project provides a multidisciplinary platform to investigate and understand the sites. We are based in five case-study areas in Ireland to document and record monuments and landscapes that have changed dynamically through time and are currently in a state of flux due to climate impacts. The work is very rewarding due to our engagement with local communities and stakeholders who have been a tremendous help throughout our fieldwork this year. We hope to see our work feed positively back into these communities.
Táim ag baint an-taitneamh as bheith ag obair ar an bhfoireann CHERISH mar soláthraíonn sé ardán ildisciplíneach chun scrúdú a dhéanamh agus tuiscint a fháil ar na láithreáin. Táimid lonnaithe i gcúig cheantar cás-staidéir in Éirinn chun séadchomharthaí agus tírdhreach a thaifeadadh agus a dhoicimeadú, a bhfuil athrú dinimiciúil tagtha orthu i rith an ama agus atá anois ag athrú de bharr athrú aeráide. Obair antairbheach atá ann mar tá dlúthbhaint againn le pobail áitiúla agus páirtithe leasmhara a thug an-chabhair dúinn agus muid i mbun saothair allamuigh i mbliana. Tá súil againn go mbeidh tionchar dearfach ar na pobail seo ag teacht ón obair atá déanta againn.
28
PUFFTY’S FACT FILE / COMHAD FÍRICÍ PUFFTY CHERISH mascot and team member Puffty-Hump has been out and about gathering some interesting facts and figures relating to Climate Change, Coastal Heritage and our project. Did you know…
Bhí sonóg CHERISH agus baill foirne Puffty-Hump gnóthach ag bailiú fíricí agus figiúirí suimiúla a bhaineann le hAthrú Aeráide, Oidhreacht Chósta agus ár dtionscadal. An raibh a fhios agat…
Skellig Michael, Co. Kerry. Sceilg Mhichíl, Co. Chiarraí.
The Green Bridge, Pembrokeshire.
Since the early 1990s, sea level rises of about 3.5 cm per decade have been observed around the Irish Coast (Irish Times, Dec 7, 2017).
Ó 1990 ar aghaidh, tá ardú i leibhéal na farraige de thart ar 3.5 cm feicthe gach deich mbliana ar chósta na hÉireann (Irish Times, Nollaig 7, 2017).
New UK Climate Projections will be available from November 2018. UKCP18 will provide projections of sealevel rise, giving greater regional detail, further analysis of the risks we face, both nationally and globally, and provide more information on potential extremes and impacts of climate change.
Beidh Réamh-mheastacháin Aeráide nua don Bhreatain ann ó mhí na Samhna 2018. Cuirfidh UKCP18 réamh-mheastacháin ar fáil den ardú a d’fheadfadh tarlú i leibhéal na farraige, le sonraí do réigiúin eagsúla, tuilleadh anailís ar na rioscaí atá romhainn, go náisiúnta agus go domhanda, agus soláthróidh siad tuilleadh eolais ar na héifeachtaí as cuimse a d’fhéadfadh a bheith mar thoradh ar an athrú aeráide.
Peat bogs are a fantastic natural store of carbon (keeping CO2 out of our atmosphere) and a great archive of past environments: a 15-cm thick layer may contain as much as 50 tonnes of carbon per hectare and in ideal conditions grow at a rate of one metre per thousand years.
Is stór iontach iad portaigh móna de charbón (a choimeádann CO2 amach ónár n-atmaisféar) agus is cartlann sármhaith iad den timpeallacht a bhí ann i bhfad ó shin: d’fhéadfadh suas le 50 tona de charbón in aghaidh an heictáir a bheith i sraith de thiús 15-cm agus i ndálaí idéalacha d’fhéadfadh sé fás ag ráta méadar amháin in aghaidh míle bliain.
The CHERISH 3D LiDAR model of Bardsey Island comprises over 78,937,298 million data points gathered by a scanning laser flown from a Cessna 404 Titan aircraft.
Cuimsíonn samhail LiDAR 3D CHERISH os cionn 78,937,298 pointe sonraí bailithe ag léasair scanála ag feidhmiú ó eitléan Cessna 404 Titan.
The LiDAR scanning of the Welsh islands mapped each one to resolution of 25 cm in plan, and 5 cm in height, an incredibly detailed model of each island which even scanned individual sheep standing in fields on Bardsey Island.
An scanadh LiDAR a rinneadh d’oileáin na Breataine Bige, mhapáil sé gach oileán le taifeach 25 cm ar phlean, agus 5 cm ar airde. Is samhail mhionsonraithe dochreidte í seo de gach oileán agus rinne sé scanadh fiú de chaoirigh ag seasamh ina n-aonar i ngoirt ar Oileán Enlli.
During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), about 21,000 years ago, the global sea level was ~ 125m lower than today; about 125,000 years ago it was ~ 6m higher than today. (See https://www2.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/ glaciers/glaciers_sea_level.asp.)
I rith na Tréimhse Oighreaí is deireanaí, thart ar 21,000 bliain ó shin, bhí leibhéal domhanda na farraige ~ 125m níos ísle ná mar atá sé inniu; timpeall 125,000 bliain ó shin bhí sé ~ 6m níos airde ná mar atá sé inniu. (Féach https://www2.usgs. gov/climate_landuse/glaciers/glaciers_sea_level.asp.)
Flimston Bay promontory fort on the Castlemartin Training Area in south Pembrokeshire, recorded as part of a CHERISH aerial survey in March 2018. Dún ceann tíre Bhá Flimston i Limistéar Traenála Castlemartin in Pembrokeshire theas, a cuireadh i dtaifead mar chuid de shuirbhé ón aer CHERISH i Márta 2018.
31
DATES FOR YOUR DIARY Our diary is filling up with events over the coming months, where you’ll be able to meet with members of the CHERISH team and find out more about our exciting project. You’ll find us at: • CHERISH events as part of National Heritage Week, Ireland, 18–26 August 2018: – GSI Seabed Survey Vessel Open Day: 18 August, 10am–4pm, Arklow South Basin, Arklow Harbour, Co. Wicklow – Bremore Archaeological Survey: 18 August, 11am–2pm, Co. Dublin – Fingal – Coastal Archaeology Talk: 20 August, 7pm–9pm, Copper Coast Geopark Visitor Centre, Bunmahon, Co. Waterford. • CHERISH guided walk: Dinas Dinlle hillfort, Gwynedd, 22 August 2018. • Council for British Archaeology: Archaeology in Wales Conference, 31 August–2 September 2018, Lampeter, Wales. • Landscape Archaeology Conference: Newcastle, 17–20 September 2018. • European Association of Archaeologists: Barcelona, 3–8 September 2018. • Aerial Archaeology Research Group: Venice, 13–15 September 2018. • GeoCymru conference, Association for Geographic Information: Wales, Cardiff, 5 October 2018. • CHERISH Day School, ‘Facing the Storms’: Aberystwyth University, 6 October 2018.
DATAÍ DON DIALANN Tá ár ndialann lán d’imeachtaí a bheidh ag tarlú sna míonna atá le teacht. Beidh tú álbalta bualadh le baill foirne CHERISH agus níos mó a fháil amach faoinár dtionscadal iontach. Is féidir muid a aimsiú ag: • Imeachtaí CHERISH mar chuid den tSeachtain idhreachta Náisiúnta, Éire, an 18-26 Lúnasa 2018: – Lá Oscailte Soitheach Suirbhéireachta Grinneall na Farraige GSI: 18 Lúnasa, 10am–4pm, Báisín Theas Bhaile an Inbhir Mhóir, Cuan Bhaile an Inbhir Mhóir Co. Chill Mhantáin – Suirbhéireacht Sheandálaíochta Brí Mhór: 18 Lúnasa, 11am–2pm, Co. Bhaile Átha Cliath – Fhine Gall – Caint ar Sheandálaíocht Chósta: 20 Lúnasa, 7pm–9pm, Copper Coast Geopark Ionad Cuairteoirí, Bun Machan, Co. Phort Láirge. • Siúlóid threoraithe CHERISH, Dún Cnoic Dinas Dinlle, Gwynedd, an 22 Lúnasa 2018. • Comhairle um Sheandálaíocht Bhriotanach: Comhdháil ar Sheandálaíocht sa Bhreatain Bheag, 31 Lúnasa–2 Meán Fómhair 2018, Lampeter, An Bhreatain Bheag. • Comhdháil Tírdhreach Seandálaíochta: An Caisleán Nua, 17–20 Meán Fómhair 2018. • Cumann Eorpach Seandálaíochta: Barcelona, 3–8 Deireadh Fómhair 2018. • Grúpa Taighde Seandálaíocht ón Aer: an Veinéis, 13–15 Meán Fómhair 2018. • Comhdháil GeoCymru, Cumann um Fhaisnéis Tíreolaíochta: An Bhreatain Bheag, Caerdydd, 5 Deireadh Fómhair 2018. • CHERISH Scoil Lae, ‘Aghaidh a thabhairt ar na Stoirmeacha’: Ollscoil Aberystwyth, 6 Deireadh Fómhair 2018.
KEEP IN TOUCH / SEOLADH GRÉASÁIN: www.cherishproject.eu
[email protected] /
[email protected]
Supported by
