(OBAHIIE JIE,[(OBoro II rlI,[(POJIOrlIqECKOrO PE

0 downloads 0 Views 56MB Size Report
BJlHlIHHeM YHeM TepMOXaJlHHHblX BJlHlIHHe OHOM POCCHH H 06HJlbHbie HOro nOKpOBa BaIOT .. WTOpMOBble nOJleH H (06bIYHO TeMnepaTypbl ...
],138. pro. 1998. T. 130. Sbm. 4 © B. B. MEJIEHTbEB, . O. M. liOXAHHECCEH. A. B. APXHllOB. B. H. 'lEPHOOK '

IICCJIE,[(OBAHIIE JIE,[(OBoro II rlI,[(POJIOrlIqECKOrO PE)KIIMA EEJIorO MOPjI B YCJIOBlIjlX AHOMAJIbHO TEllJIoii 3lIMbI 1994/95 r. UeJlH.3a)la'lH CKOro

KOCMH'IeCKOrO

HCCJle)lOBaHHH.

C

areHTCTBa

(HIOJlb

1995 r.,

3anyweHHoro B anpeJle

ERS-l

Ha'laJJa 3KCnJlyaTaUHH cnyTHHKa EBponeH-

1991 r.),

a

TaKlKe

cnyTHHKa

ERS-2,

nOJlj"laeMbIe C 3THX I1C3 )laHHbIe BbI3bIBaIOT 60JlbWOH

IiHTepeC Y pa3Ho06pa3HbIx nOJlb30BaTeJleH BO MHorHX CTpaHax MHpa. CBlI3aH OH npelK)le Bcero C HOBbIMH B03MOlKHOCTlIMH, OTKpbIBalOWHMHcli 3a C'IeT YCTaHoBKH Ha 60PTY 3THX cnyTHHKOB

panHOJlOKaTOpa C cHHTe3HpoBaHHoH

anepTypoH

(SAR).

fJlaBHbIe

npeHMY-

meCTBa npH60pa: pa60Ta Ha OCHOBe npHHUHna aKTHBHOH panHOJlOKaUHH, BcenOrO)lHOCTb Ha6J1IO)leHHH, B03MOlKHOCTb nOJlY'IeHHlI BbICOKOro npOCTpaHCTBeHHoro pa3peweHHlI (JlJIli FRI-pelKHMa: 30 M B)lOJlb Op6HTbI CBOHCTBO Bcenoro)lHOCTH CJle)lOBaHHlI )lHMOM

H 26.3

M -

nonepeK).

n03BOJllleT HCnOJlb30BaTb 3TOT BH)l HHcjJopMaUH H JlJIli

paHoHoB C He6J1aronpHliTHbIMH JlJIli )lHCTaHUHOHHoro 30H)lHpOBaHHlI

H 11K )lHana30Hax YCJlOBHlIMH, C orpaHH'IeHHlIMH

HC-

B BH-

no OCBeweHHIO, C ocanKaMH

H 06J1a'lHOCTblO. TaKoBbIMH lIBJllIIOTClI, B '1aCTHOCTH, MOpli 6acceHHa CeBepHoro 11e)loBHTOro OKeaHa. OpHopHTeTHali 3a)la'la )lJlll )lHCTaHUHOHHoro 30H)lHpOBaHHlI rHOHaX

-

aHaJJH3 Jle)lOBOH 06cTaHoBKH,

H OHa MOlKeT pewaTbCli

HHcjJopMaUHH, 'ITO npO)leMOHCTpHpOBaHO HaMH MHOrOJleTHHX

KOMnJleKCHbIX

HCCJle)lOBaHHH

B pa60Te [5]

no

B 3THX pe-

C nOMOWblO

SAR-

Ha npHMepe pe3YJlbTaTOB

onepaTHBHOMY

HCnOJlb30BaHHIO

ERS

SAR-H306palKeHHH JlJIli ueJleH npOBO)lKH CY)lOB Ha 3ana)lHOM j"laCTKe TpaCCbI CeBepHoro MopCKoro nYTH

(KapcKoe,

oapeHueBO H Oe'lOpCKOe MOpll). Pa60T no TeMaTH'IeCKoMY

)lewHcjJpHpOBaHHIO nO)l06HbIX CHHMKOB JlJIli ueJleH BOCCTaHOBJleHHlI napaMeTpOB COCTOlIHHlI Jle)lllHoro nOKpoBa HeMHoro H B OCHOBHOM 3TO 3apy6elKHbIe ny6J1HKaUHH. HacTollWHe HCCJle)lOBaHHlI npO)lOJllKalOT )leMOHCTpaUHIO B03MolKHocTeH npHKJlanHOI'o oKeaHorpacjJH'IeCKoro

HCnOJlb30BaHHlI

SAR-HHcjJopMaUHH

Ha

npHMepe

H3Y'IeHHlI

Jle)lS!-

HOro nOKpoBa oeJloro MOpS! . UeJlblO pa60T CTaJJO TeMaTH'IeCKOe )leWHcjJpHpOBaHHe '1aCTH HMelOwerocS! WHXCli

K

B «HaHceH-UeHTpe»

3HMe

1994/95

)lOBOM pelKHMe MOpli

r . .Jlnll

[4.6.9],

no 3TOMY perHOHY apxHBa SAR-CHHMKOB,

3TOro

OTHOCS!-

npHBJleKaJJHcb JlHTepaTypHbIe HCTO'lHHKH

0

Jle-

CHHOnTH'IeCKHe (MOCKBa, n. ,UHKCOH) H CBO)lHbIe Jle)lOBbIe

KapTbI (ApxaHreJlbCK, n. ,UHKCOH), n03BOJlHBWHe )leJlaTb oueHKH oc06eHHOCTeH pa3BHTHli noro)lHbIX YCJlOBHH 3HMHero ce30Ha )laHHbIe

C06CTBeHHbIX

Jle)lOBbIX

H

1994/95 r.

.Jlnll aHaJJH3a HCnOJlb30BaJJHCb TaKlKe

MeTeOHa6J1IO)leHHH,

BbIIlOJlHlIBWHXCli

B

YKa3aHHbIH

nepHO)l B HCCJle)lyeMoM perHOHe aBTopaMH CTaTbH C 60pTa aTOMHoro Jle)lOKOJla «TaHMbIP»,

)laHHbIe

OCHOBHbIMH

MHorocneKTpaJJbHOH

HanpaBJleHHlIMH

CbeMKH

HCCJle)lOBaHHlI

CaMOJleTa-Jla60paT0pHH

CTaJJH:

a)

OI1HPO

AH-26.

HCCJle)lOBaHHe no )laHHbIM

ERS

SAR-cbeMKH oc06eHHocTeH Jle)lOBO-rHupOJlOrH'IeCKoro pelKHMa H napaMeTpoB Jle)lllHoro nOKpoBa oeJloro MOpS!, 6) TeMaTH'IeCKOe )lewHcjJpHpoBaHHe SAR-IiHcjJopMaUHH, B) H3y'1eHHe panHOJlOKaUHOHHbIX CHrHaTYP Jle)lS!Horo KOMnJleKCHbIX Jle)lOBbIX KapT 11 e)l 0 B bI H IOwerOCll IOTCll: 6

'1eTKO

Mec.),

nOKpOBa

oeJloro MOpS!,

r)

nOCTpoeHHe

(KJ1K).

P e lK HMO e JI 0 rOM 0 p S!

HOC 0 6 e H HOC T H

C B0 H CT B

06 p a 3 Y-

Jlb)la. OCHOBHbIMH oc06eHHocTS!MH Jle)lOBoro pelKHMa oeJloro MOpli S!BnS!BbIpalKeHHall

OTCyTCTBHe

npO)lOJllKHTeJlbHOCTb

MHoroJleTHHX

cjJH3HKo-MeXaHH'IeCKHX

H

H

TOJlCTbIX

Pa)lHocjJH3H'IeCKHX

Jle)lOBoro

ce30Ha

O)lHOneTHHX

napaMeTpOB

(B

Jlb)lOB,

COCTOS!HHS!

a

cpeUHeM TaKlKe CHCTeMbI

OKOJlO

OTJlH'IHe CHer-

ne)l-BOua, 'ITO CBS!3aHO C OTJlH'IHS!MH anlOccjJepHbIX UHPKYJlllUHOHHbIX npoueCCOB J(aHHOro paHOHa no cpaBHeHHIO C c06CTBeHHO apKTH'IeCKHM perHOHOM.

KaK CBH)leTeJlbCT-

By lOT )laHHbIe MHoroJleTHHX Ha6J1IO)leHHH, B03paCTHOH COCTaB Jlb)lOB oeJloro MOpS! BapbHPyeT OT Ha'laJIbHbIX BH)lOB )l0 TOHKoro OUHOJleTHero (6eJloro) JIbJ(a, npH'IeM JlJIS! oeJIoro MOpS!

xapaKTepHO O)lHOBpeMeHHoe npHCYTCTBHe JIbJ(OB pa3JIH'IHbIX

B03paCTHbIX

KaTero-

PHH

npaKTH'l eCKH B TeyeHHe scero Jle)l.OBOr O Ce30Ha [2]. 3TO CBlI3aHO C nepeMeH HblM BJlHlIHHe M CeBepO-a TJlaHTHY eCKHX H apKTHye CKHX B03)l.YWH bIX Macc, a T3KlKe C P33JlHYHeM TepMOXa JlHHHblX XapaKTe pHCTHK BO)l.HbIX M3CC pa3HbiX P3HOHOB MOpli. BJlHlIHH e ATJl3HTH KH CKa3blBa eTCli npH npOXOlK) l.eHHH HaJJ. ceBepO-3 anaJJ.HbI M perHOHOM POCCHH aTJlaHTH yeCKHX UHKJlOHO B, npHHOCl Ili.\HX, K3K npaBHJlO , TenJlblH B03)l.YX H 06HJlbHb ie OCa)l.KH, HHOr)l.a Bbl3blBali OTTeneJl H, Hepe)l.KO npHBO)l.l Ili.\He K TallHHIO CHelKHOro nOKpOBa Jlb)l.a H )l.alKe HHJlaCOB blX H cepblX Jlb)l.OB. npHXO)l. lIli.\He UHKJlOHb l Bbl3blBaIOT .. WTOpMO Bble BeTpa, BbI3bIBalO li.\He B3JlOM npHnall, pa3pywe HHe KpynHbl x Jle)l.OBbIX nOJleH H HX TopoweH He. npH npOHHKH OBeHHH C ceBepa apKTHye CKHX B03)l.YWH bIX Macc (06bIYHO C aHTHUHK JlOHOM) npOHCXO Jl.llT 06paTHb ie npoueCC bl pe3Koe nOHHlKe HHe TeMnepa Typbl H aKTHBH3 3UHlI Jle)l.006p a30BaHH lI. B ueJlOM YHCJlO aTJlaHTH yeCKHX UHKJlOHOB B 3HMHHH nepHO)l. 3)l.eCb B 5 pa3 60JlbWe, yeM apKTHye CKHX aHTHUHK JlOHOB, n03ToMY Jlb)l.bl DeJloro MOpli He 06pa3YIO T e)l.HHoro Jle)l.lIHor o MaCCHBa , 3HaYHTe JlbHYIO HX yaCTb COCTaBJ llllOT )l.peHcjJY IOli.\He Jlb)l.bl. HeO)l.HOp O)l.HOCTb Jle)l.lIHor o nOKpOBa MOpli nO)l.TBep lK.IlaeTCl i HMelOli.\H MHCli B HaweM pacnoplil KeHHH )l.aHHbIM H ERS SAR-Cbe MKH 1993-1 998 IT., cjJHKCHP YIOli.\HMH 3HaYHTe JlbHYIO KOHTpaC THOCTb H HeO)l.HOp O)l.HOCTb TOHa Pa)l.HOH 306palKe HHH. HaYaJlo

nepHO)l.a

HHTeHCH BHoro Jle)l.006p a30BaHH lI B DeJlOM Mope 06blYHO npHXOopMH poBaHHe Jle)l.lIHor o nOKpOBa npOHCXO )l.HT B nepBYIO OYepe)l.b B BepWHH ax 3aJ1HBOB MeJlKOBO )l.HbIX paHOHdX C COJlOHO BaTblMH (S 24.7 %0) BO)l.aMH, CO)l.eplK ali.\HMH 60JlbWO e KOJlHyeC TBO B3BeweH HbiX yaCTHU, BblHOCHM blX co CTOKOM peK. COJlOHO BaTOCTb BO)l. npHBO)l.H T K 3HaYHTe JlbHOMY OCJla6Jle HHIO BepTHKa JlbHOH KOHBeKUHH, a npHCYTC TBHe B3BeceH KaTaJlH3 HpyeT npouecc Jle)l.006p a30BaHH lI. B CBlI3H C BepTHKa JlbHOH 3HMHeH KOHBeKU HeH HHTeHCH BHoe Jle)l.006p a30BaHH e B OTKPblTO H yaCTH MOpli HeCKOJlb KO 3ana3)l.bl B3eT H Ha HaYaJlbH blX :nanax 3TOT npouecc npOHCXO )l.HT 3a CyeT OCa)l.KOB . n03TOMY B )l.eKa6pe 3)l.eCb 06blYHO )l.OMHHH PYIOT HaYaJlbHble BH)l.bl Jlb)l.a (Jle)l.lIHb le Hrllbl, cHelKypa , CaJlo) H HHJlaCOB ble Jlb)l.bl (TOJlli.\HH OH 510 CM). no MHoroJle THHM )l.aHHbIM , OHH COCTaBJ llllOT COOTBeT CTBeHHO 29 H 30 % OT 06li.\eH Jle)l.OBHT OCTH, 24 % COCTaBJl lllOT cepble Jlb)l.bl (TOJlli.\HH OH 10-15 CM). B ueJlOM )l.Jlll )l.eKa6pl l 06li.\alI Jle)l.OBHT OCTb MOpli COCTaBJ llleT npHMepH O 31 % [4). HeKOTo pble BH)l.bl HaYaJlbH blX Jlb)l.OB (CHelKyp a, wyra) npH nOXOJlo) ].aHHH MOryT 06pa30B blB3Tb nOJlll CMOP03H , HMelOli.\H e wepOXOB aTYIO H03)l.peB aTYIO CTPYKTY PY, )].3IOWYIO lIPKYIO 3aCBeTKY PaJJ.HOC HrHaJla. nO)].06H ble 06JlaCTH lIPKOH 3aCBeTKH 06HapYlK HBalOTC li Ha ERS cnYTHHKOBblX H CaMOJleT HblX Pa)l.HOJlO KaUHOHH bIX H306palK eHHlIX. no ,1laHHbIM HaWHX Ha6JlIO,1leHHH C 60pTa Jle,1l0KOJ la, 6Jlaro,1l3 pll pacnpeC HeHHocT H nOBepxH OCTHblX BO,1l (B oc06eHHOCTH BO,1l 3aJlHBOB ) B 3THX paHOHax 06pa30Bb iBaeTCli 60JlbWO e KOJlHyeC TBO CKJlllHKH (rllaBHbi M 06pa30M B KaHaJlaX H pa3BO)l.b llX MelK,1ly 60Jlee TOJlCTblM H Jlb,1l3MH ), 'ITO n03BOJllleT Bbl,1leJlHT b H onHcaTb ee CHrHaTY PY Ha ERS SAR-H30 6palKeH HlIx. Ha Haw B3rllll,1l, pOJlb CKJlllHKH B npouecc e npHpOCT a 06beMOB ,1lpeHcjJY IOli.\ero Jlb)l.a KaK DeJloro MOPll, TaK H ,1lpymx MopeH POCCHHC KOH APKTHKH He,1l00ue HHBaeTC li. B lIHBape 06beM Jlb,1l0B DeJloro MOpli YBeJlHYH BaeTCli B 6.5 pa3, 'ITO CB1I3aHO C HapaCT~HHeM TOJlli.\HH bl H npOTlIlKe HHOCTH Jle,1lllHor o nOKpOBa [4]. B pe3YJlbT aTe B03paCTHOH COCTaB npe06JlaJ J.alOli.\HX Jlb,1l0B MeHlIeTC lI, H B 3TOT MeClIU ,1l0MHHH PYIOT cepble (23 %) H cepo-6eJ lble (25 %) Jlb)].bl npH 06li.\eH Jle,1l0BHT OCTH OKOJlO 82 %. B BepWHH ax 3aJlHBOB H Y HX BOCTOYH blX 6eperoB ('ITO CB1I3aHO C pacnpeC HeHHeM BO,1l CTOKOBb lMH Teye~HlIMH H npe061l"a )l.3HHeM B perHOHe B 3TOT nepHO,1l BeTpOB IOrO-3ana JJ.HbIX H3np3BJleHHH) 06pa3ye TclI npHnaH, COCTOllli. \HH K KOHUY lIHBapll npeHMYli .\eCTBeH HO H3 TOHKOro O)].HOJle THero (6eJloro ) Jlb,1la TOJlli.\HH OH B Cpe)l.HeM OKOJlO 50 CM. npH ,1leWHcjJ pHpOBaH HH COCTOllH HlI npHnali H ,1lpeHcjJY IOli.\HX Jlb)l.OB B 3TOT nepHO,1l He06xo)l. HMO yYHTblBa Tb HaJlHYHe Ha Jlb,1lY cHelKHo ro nOKpOB3 Hero COCTOllH He, TaK KaK 3TOT cjJaKTOp 3HaYHTe JlbHO BJlHlIeT Ha OTp3lKeH He paJJ.HOC HrHaJla. MaKCHM aJlbHblH npHpoCT TOJlli.\HH bl Jlb,1la npOHCXO ,1lHT B cjJeBpaJle , COCTaBJ lllll OKOJlO 14.6 KM.1 (B lIHBape - 14.1, B MapTe - 9.1 KMl). B ueJlOM no aKBaTOp HH OCHOBHb lMH CTaHOBlI TCli 6eJlbie Jlb,1lbl (39 %), cepO-6eJ lble npe06JlaJ J.alOT JlHWb B ueHTpaJl bHOH Y3CTH DacceHH a. Ha MeJlKOBO LlHblX YY3CTK3 X 06p33YIO TCli CT3MYXH H KOJl06a, KpynHbl e )l.HTCli Ha )l.eKa6pb

[4).


15 M;C

npH'IeM, KaK cnellyeT H3 conOCTaBJIeHHlI naHHblX no nYHKTaM KaHHH Hoc H ..ApxaH-

BbinanO

3YJJbTaTe 'Iero KOJJH'IeCTBO OCanKOB npeBblCHJJO JIelloBHToro

10 .. IS ",Ie

H

ocallKOB

06JJaCTlIX

OHH 1l0CTHranH 110

t

PHC. 1 (npoiJOJD/(eHue) _

MeHbllle

06bl'lHOH:

B

KapCKOM

Mope

H

Mope JIanTcBblX,

CM . Bo MHomx nYHKTax ceBepo-eBponeHcKoH 'IaCTH POCCHH,

B 6eJJOMOpCKOM

pemOHe, 6blJJH

TeMnepaTypbl B03nyxa llJlll OTnenbHblX nHeii

OTMe'leHbl

a6COJJIOTHbie

MaKCHMYMbl

[I. 7.8}_

3Ta 06111all TeHL\eHl\HlI COCTOllHHlI noronbl Ha ceBepO-3anane POCCHH nO.llTBeplKllaeTCli

MOpli.

Ha n06epelKbe EapeHl\eBa MOPll, rlle BJJHlIHHe CeBepHoro JIenoBHToro OKeaHa

BblpalKeHo 60JJee 3aMeTHO, OTKJlOHeHHlI OKa3anHCb MeHblllHMH . Do MeTeonaHHblM 6blnH nOCTpoeHbl rpacjJHKH xona naBJJeHHlI H TeMnepaTypbl B03nyxa (pHC_

I, a, 6)

C YKa3aHHeM

HanpaBneHHlI H CKOPOCTH BeTpa, KOTopble H CTanH OCHOBOii HHTepnpeTal\HH nHHaMHKH nelloBoii

06CTaHoBKH

(nanee

Ha

pHCYHKax

naHHble

0

BeTpe

npHBollllTCli

JJHlllb

nnll

MOMeHTa SAR-c'heMKH H llJlll nepHona, HenocpencTBeHHo eii npenllleCTBYlOlllero). Oc06eHHocTH nOll a H H bl MER S

nenOBo-rHllpOnOrH'IeCKOrO

pelKHMa

6eJJoro

SA R - C'h e M K H. HaMH 6blJJH H3Y'IeHbl naHHble

6

MOpli

ceaHCOB ERS

H llaHHblMH Halllero aHanH3a, npOBeneHHoro Ha OCHOBe elKellHeBllblX KapT norOllbl 110

SAR-c'heMKH 6eJJoro MOPll, oXBaTHBllleii npaKTH'IeCKH BCIO ero aKBaTopHIO (HCKJJIO'Ie-

nYHKTaM ApXaHreJJbCK, KaHHH Hoc H Me3eHb (CM . Ta6nHl\Y).

HHeM CTanH KaHnanaKlllcKHii 3anHB H 3anMHall 'IaCTb 6acceiiHa). 4eTbipe ceaHca C'heM-

50

51

'-'

:. ~--­

\

66" N

66°N

6 S. S' N

65.5' N

6S"N

Ji"E

65' N

39'E

64. S' N

**\

64. SON

..J PHc.3. a _. ERS· j SAR·1I306pa)l(eHHe neJloro MOpH. 13 .5IHBap.51 ]995 r., 08 : 45 GMT.

npOllBJ1eHHeM CTana HH3K3lI aKTHBHOCTb neno06pa30BaHHlI,

PIle. 2. KOMliJleKCHillI nenOBillI ,apTa 13e11oI"O Map'. 10 'HBap" 1995 r., 08 : 51 GMT.

paKTep paCnpeneJleHH51 nenOBHTOCTH

MOpl!

? 'leM

H cpHKcHpyeMhlH

'!aCTb aKBaTOpHH EaCCeHHa H fopna Ha lIHBapCKHX CHI1MKaX KH

OTHOClITClI

KO

22

cjJeBpanll H

J7

ERS COCTaBJllleT 0611.lee

'lHCnO

STopoii MapTa

100

1l0nOBHHe

1995

lIHBapll, ,IlBa

r. (pHC,

2-8),

-

KO

BTOPOH

1l0nOBI1He

311Mbl,

K

KaK H3BeCTHO, 30Ha 0630pa CIlYTHHKOB

KM nepneH,IlHKynllpH0 HanpaBJleHHIO MapwpYTa, TaKHM 06pa30M,

H3Y'1eHHhiX

Ka.QpOB

pa3MepOM

100 X 100

KM

,Il0 11,6 KM B llleHHe OKone

B HaWCM

I CM, 100 M

pacnopll;+:eHHH

LRI

SAR-H306pa;+:eHHH

pa3nH4eH:

OT

7.8

CbeMKa B LRI-pe;+:HMe 06eClle'lHBaeT IIpocrpaHCTBeliHoe pa3peB IlHKCene,

KaK BH,IlHO H3 npHBO,llHMbIX ERS SAR-H306pa;+:eIIHH, aHOManhHO Tellnble noronHble ycnoBHlI 3HMbi

52

1994/95

r . CHJlhHO oTpa3HnHch

Ha JlenOBOM

pe;+:HMe EeJloro MOP51:

HX

H

HHJlaCOBhlX JlbnOB

B

uenOM XapaKTepHO

Ha.Q cepO-6eJ1bIMH J1bnaMH, 'lTO

EOJlbW3lI

OTKPbIT:uJ BO,lla, BenHKO

npe06nanaHH~

He CBOHCTBCHHO 06bl'lHOH

.ilenOBOH 06CTaHOBKe B PCfHOHC B 3TOT nepHon,

OKa3anOCb ,Il0CTaTO 'lHbIM,

'n06hl IlpOCJle,llHTh ,IlHHaMHKY ne,llOBbiX npOlleCCOB B IlpOCTpaHCTBe H BO BpeMeHH. MacwTa6 HMeBWHXClI

KonH4eCTBO HHnaCOBblX H Ha4aJlbllblX BHnOB J1hna, CephlX

CBH,IlCTenbCTBY.IOT xa-

B03paCT nb,llOB ,

Pa,llHOnOKallHOHHhle CHrHaTypbl MOPCKI1X H PC'lHbIX nbnOB nonBep;+:eH~1 3Ha4HTeJ1bHOH

H3MeH'lHBOCTH

H

npH

TeMaTH'leCKOM

,IleWHcjJpHpOB3HHH

[5].

O)1II3KO

IlpenOCTaBI1JIH

H3Y'lCHbl

aHOMfulbHO HaM

Mana)!

41'0 C03naeT onpe,lleJleH~ble

HCnOCTaT04HO,

cnYTHHKOBOH

ne)]OBHTOCTb

H onpe,lleJlCHHhle

11

p3nHOJlOKaUHOHHOH

npHCYTCTBHC

npeHMywecTBa

"PH

pOJlOfH'leCKOrO pe;+:HMa H nHHaMH'leCKHX IIpoueCCOB 3HMbi

Ha4aJlbHbiX

TPY,IlHOCTH

HHcjJopMaUI1H BH,IlOB. Jlbna

aHaJIH3e oc06eHIlOCTeH

1994/95

rHn-

r. K.aK OK33aJIOCb,

IIILlaCOBble H Ha'laJIbHble BH,Ilbl Jlb,lla K3K HaH60Jlee nonBep;+:eHlible B03neHCTBHK) MeTeo-

S3

39"E

cepbJe nbllb!. CepO-6eJlbJe Jlbllbl OTJlH4aIOTC5I

OT cepblX

60Jlee CBeTJlblM

TOHOM

CHrHaJla,

KOTOPblii 06YCJlOB.lleH BnH5IHHeM HaCJlOeHHOCTH H TopoweHHii, a TaKlKe YMeHbweHHeM HX H HaJlH4HeM cHelKHoro

B.IlalKHOCTH

nOKpOBa. KaK OTMe4aJlOCb Bblwe, 6Jlarollap51

HaJlbHOMY xapaKTepy norollbl Ha4aJla 3HMbl 1994/95

r.

UHKnO-

nOBepxHocTb JlblJ,a H CHera B perHOHe

1l0JIlKHa 6bUJa nOIlBepraTbC5I 3Ha4HTeJlbHOMY BeTPOBOMY B03lJ,eiicTBHIO, KOJle6aHH5IM TeMnepaTypbl B03lJ,yxa, 4TO B HTore npHBeJlO K H3MeHeHHIO 51PKOCTH TOHa H306pillKeHH5I. CpellH ueHTpe

3THX

JlbllOB

OHelKcKoro

CHrHaTypa BOllb5lM

MOlKHO

3aJlHBa

Kpynll06HToro

MelKllY

06bl4HO

BOllOii

HOCTllblX

HJlH

BOllax

BlJ,OJlb

06JlaCTb

OTJlH4aeTC5I

B EeJlOM

CKn5lllKOii,

CKOnJleHHii

KpynH06HToro

COOTBeTcTByeT

1I4eHcToii

4epHblii

Jlblla

JlellllHblX

IOlKHeii

TeKCTypoii;

TOH

CHrHaJla .

06pa3YlOweiic5I

Ha

B

)KYlKMyii .

KaHaJlaM

Haw

H

onblT

Mope nOKa3blBaeT, 'no TaKHe pa3BOlJ,b51

6blCTPO

nOJleii

o.

pa3-

3HMHHX

3anOJlHeHbl

pacnpeCHeHllblX

nOBepx-

3aJlHBOB.

OHelKcKoro

Eepera

1l0CTH JlblJ,OB, HaXOll5lwaJIC5I

6S.S"N

BbllleJlHTb 06nacTb

Jlblla

JlbllHHaMH

3KcnellHUHOHHblX pa60T

H

o6pa30BaHHe, COrJlaCHO

Ha CHHMKe

B COCTOllHHH

¢HKcHpyeTc5I

30Ha

10-6aJlnbHOii

aHaJlH3Y MeTeOllaHHblX

(pHC.

1,

a),

CnJl04eH-

= -5°C).

(T,

cMep3aHH5I C 3a6eperaMH

YB5I3bIBaeTc5I

HaMH

Ee

C B03-

i\eiiCTBHeM IOrO-3analJ,HOrO BeTpa, Ha6JllOllaBWerOC5I B HCCJlellyeMoM paiioHe C 5 51HBap5l.

o

npOllOJllKHTeJlbHOCTH lJ,eiiCTBH5I BeTpa CBHlJ,eTeJlbCTBYIOT COCTOllHHe KpOMKH .~blla, ee

Ha6HTocTb H

HaCJlOeHHOCTb C HaBeTpeHHoii CTOPOHbl

TaUHlI Jlell5lHblX

nOJleii

H pa3BoilHii

B ueHTpaJlbHOii

H TeMHblii TOH CHrHaJla cooTBeTcTBeHHo) -

nOJl51 CMOP03H, 4aCTH

a TaKlKe opHeH-

OHelKcKoro 3aJlHBa (llpKHii

HX BbIT5IHYTOCTb BlJ,OJlb BeTpa no HanpaB-

JleHHIO 60JlbWeii OCH 3JlJlHnca.

6S"N

Ha MeJlKOBOllb5lX neJlara

H

o.

BlJ,OJlb OHelKcKoro Eepera, BOKpyr OCTPOBOB COJlOBeUKoro apxH-

)KYlKMyii

ERS

SAR-cbeMKoii

OTMe'leHO

HaJlWlHe

3a6eperoB

H

npHnall

cepo-6enoro Jlblla. OpOJlHB COJlOBeUKa51 CaJlMa 3aHllT TepTblM JlblJ,OM, 'ITO, nO-BHllHMOMY,

37°E

1l0JllKHO

6blTb

xapaKTepHO

Jl,Jlll

:noro

paiiOHa

Jl,Jl1l

CJla60MOp03HblX

3HM

BCJlellCTBHe

CHJlbHOrO B0311eiicTBH5I B :noii 4aCTH MOpll npOJlHBOOTJlHBHblX Te4eHHii.

65"N

CeBepHeii Mblca )KHlKrHH Ha CHHMKe 3a¢HKCHpOBaH «wJleii¢"

CHelKypbl, HHJlaCOBblX

H cepblX JlbllOB, XopOWO BbJlleJl5llOwHXCll Ha ¢OHe OTKPblToii BOlJ,bl EacceiiHa. 0POHCXOlKlleHHe wJleii¢a CB1I3aHO, no HaweMY MHeHHIO, C lJ,eiiCTBHeM

IOro-3analJ,HOrO BeTpa

H C OHelKCKHM Te4eHHeM . 3TO Te4eHHe 06YCJlOB.lleHO BblHOCOM onpeCHeHHblX BOll 3aJIHBa B EacceiiH H HanpaBJleHO BllOJlb JIeTHero Eepera B .!lBHHCKHii 3aJlHB . B JleTHHii nepHoll OHO

64.5"N

\

6e3YCJlOBHO

60Jlee

HHTeHcHBHo,

Korlla

ero

20 CM/C. KaK nOKa3blBalOT lJ,aHHbJe SAR-cbeMKH HHe

npOCJlelKHBaeTCli

BOllax

Te4eHHlI

B

Te'leHHe

Bcero

Jlello06pa30BaHHe

rolla:

CKOPOCTH, 10 lIHBapli

B 3HMHHii

npoTeKaeT aKTHBHeii,

comaCHO

nepHoll

4eM

[4], lJ,OCTHraIOT

1995 r . , OHelKCKoe Te4eHa

pacnpecHeHHblx

Ha OCHOBHOii

aKBaTopHH

EacceiiHa, 4TO H npOllBJllleTCli B 06pa30BaHHH «wJleii¢a». Pa3BHTHe «wJleii¢a» WHMCll

B perHoHe

HMelOweiicli

B HaweM

08 : 45 GMT (pHC . 3 ,

(j -

.!lBHHCKOM

38°E 3 (npo()oJlJ1