Oceanographic Monitoring and Data Acquisition ...

International Conference on Recent Trends in Computer Science and Engineering (ICRTCSE 2012), 3 rd & 4th May 2012

Oceanographic Monitoring and Data Acquisition using Wireless Sensor Network Karthikeyan Muniraj, Ramesh .R, Suseentharan .V, Institute for Ocean Management, CEG, Anna University, Chennai [email protected]

ABSTRACT The study develops a low power modular sensor network for prototype monitoring of environmental parameters like temperature and other multi sensor. The study brings together two nodes and LCD for output display: one Master node and slave node. The master node consists of a power, communication, and a data and control module. The slave nodes consist of the same modules in addition to the sensor modules. The communication module is a Zigbee (a wireless transmitter unit with an antenna). The data and control unit consist of an ARM7 LPC2148 microcontroller. The power module consists of a 5V and 12V battery, two sharp voltage regulators and a RS232 unit. The sensor module consists of temperature and humidity. The sensor data to be collected on the slave nodes is send over to the master node via the Zigbee, which then transmitted to the LCD for display. Keywords-Wireless Sensor Networks, Oceanography, LPC2148 Controller, Zigbee

I INTRODUCTION Wireless Sensor Network is a highly researched field in Wireless Communication. We have come across many forms of wireless sensor networks. Most of the sensor networks use RF or point - point communications and use a computer, or a hyperactive terminal for display. In my prototype model, I have tried to come up with an all-in-one design, where in the user can use a low power small module for monitoring various sensor data and can see the data on a LCD or PC. With the advent of low-power embedded systems and wireless networking, new possibilities emerged for distributed sensing applications. These technologies led to the implementation of wireless sensor networks, allowing easily configured, adaptable sensors to be placed almost anywhere, and their observations similarly transported over large distances via wireless networks. Wireless sensor networks consist of distributed, wirelessly enabled embedded devices capable of employing a variety of electronic sensors. Each node in a wireless sensor network is equipped with one or more sensors in addition to a microcontroller, wireless transceiver, and energy source. The microcontroller functions with the electronic sensors as well as the transceiver to form an efficient system for relaying small amounts of important data with minimal power consumption.

II PROPOSED SYSTEM A. Master Node Master node controls the slave nodes by giving different commands from keyboard which acts input for the system. LCD displays the information to the user which helps user to enter the specific keys from the keyboard. Input from the keyboard is detected by the controller and then controller sends the appropriate data to the slave or master. Slave node signal is transmitted by the transmitter of the master node. Receiver module receives the signal when the slave node had transmitted. Received signal is then data is sent to controller. Controller will process the data and give respective output to the LCD.

B. Slave Node All activities of slave nodes are controlled by master node. The most essential component of the system like temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and other devices are connected to the slave node. Temperature sensor continuously measures the temperature and gives respective output voltage to amplifier. Amplified voltage acts as input to the ADC of the microcontroller, which calculates the temperature with respect to given input. Master node signal is received by the receiver of the slave node. As per information received by the controller further processes the data and give the appropriate output to connected device, send the data back to the master if requires.

ISBN 978-81-9089-807-2 © 2012 Published by Kanthimathi Publications


Master

Slave Fig. 1 Block Diagram of the Master and Slave Node

Slave Fig. 2 Block Diagram for the Proposed System

III HARDWARE COMPONENT A. ARM7 CONTROLLER- LPC2142/2148 The LPC2142/2148 microcontrollers are based on a 32/16-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, that combines the microcontroller with 64 kB and 512 kB of embedded high-speed flash memory. A 128-bit wide memory interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces code by more than 30 % with minimal performance penalty. Due to their tiny size and low power consumption, LPC2142/2148 are ideal for applications where miniaturization is a key requirement, such as access control and point-of-sale. A blend of serial communications interfaces ranging from a USB 2.0 Fullspeed device, multiple UARTs, SPI, SSP to I²C-bus and on-chip SRAM of 16 kB/40 kB, make these devices very well suited for communication gateways and protocol converters, soft modems, voice recognition and low end imaging, providing both large buffer size and high processing power. Various 32-bit timers, single or dual 10-bit ADC(s), 10-bit DAC, PWM channels and 45 fast GPIO lines with up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins make these microcontrollers particularly suitable for industrial control and medical systems.

Features i. Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two fast I²C -bus (400kbit/s), SPI and SSP with buffering and variable data length capabilities. ii. Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable priorities and vector addresses. iii. Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package. iv. 60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with settling time of 100 μs. v. On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal in range from 1 MHz to 30 MHz and with an external oscillator up to 50 MHz.

B. ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY Zigbee is a simple packet data communication protocol for lightweight wireless networks. It mainly focuses on reliability, simplicity, low power and low cost. The ZigBee module is used to transfer information from the patient section to the server section. With Zigbee, communication between the sensor at the slave node using ARM7 Controller and the distant monitoring room, (about 50-100m away) becomes easy under the control of the user at the base station. There will be a Zigbee at the transmitting end for transfer of information and a receiving Zigbee at the receiving end for receiving the transmitted information. The processed information is transmitted using the transmitting Zigbee and the information is received using the receiving Zigbee and finally the received data is sent to the PC. In the PC a coding is written using Visual basic for transmitting the information to see visually the date and time from the prototype model.

Features i. ii.

Low power consumption - optimized for battery operation License free operation in the 2.4GHz, 868MHz and 915MHz bands ISBN 978-81-9089-807-2 © 2012 Published by Kanthimathi Publications


iii. iv. v.

Simple protocol definition - can be implemented on low-cost microcontrollers Hundreds of devices per network, Network flexibility - Star, Cluster tree or Mesh configuration Data rate up to 250kbps A well proven and researched standard that has been developed by some of the most experienced companies in the world, Small size.

Specification i. ii.

Indoor/Urban range : Up to 100 ft (30 m) Outdoor/RF line-of-sight range: Up to 300 ft (90 m)

C. TEMPERATURE SENSOR (AD590) AD590 is the two terminals inter integrated temperature transducer. It produces the output current proportional to the temperature. The AD590 should be used in any temperature-sensing application between 55°C to 150°C in which conventional electrical temperature sensors are currently employed. The inherent low cost of a monolithic integrated circuit combined with the elimination of support circuitry makes the AD590 an attractive alternative for many temperature measurement situations.

Features i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.

Linear Current Output : 1mA/°K Wide Temperature Range : -55°C to 150°C Two-Terminal Device Voltage In/Current Out Wide Power Supply Range : - +4V to +30V Sensor Isolation From Case Low Cost

Fig. 3 Temperature Sensor (AD 590) D. HSM-20G HUMIDITY SENSOR The module of HSM-20G is essential for those applications where the relative humidity can be converted to standard voltage output. Specification i. Input voltage range : DC 5.0±0.2V ii. Output voltage range : DC 1.0—3.0 V iii. Measurement Accuracy : ±5% RH iv. Operating Current (Maximum): 2mA v. Storage RH Range : 0 to 99% RH vi. Operating RH Range : 20 to 95% (100% RH intermittent) vii. Transient Condensation : < 3%RH viii. Temperature Range : Storage -20° to 70°, Operating 0° to 50°

Fig. 4 Humidity Sensor (HSM- 20G)



IV SOFTWARE A. IAR EMBEDDED WORKBENCH It is a set of development tools for building and debugging embedded applications using assembler, C and C++. It provides a completely integrated development environment including a project manager, editor, build tools and debugger. IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM provides extensive support for a wide range of ARM devices, hardware debug systems and RTOSs, and generates very compact and efficient code. Ready-made device configuration files, flash loaders and over 1700 example projects are included. i. Fully integrated development environment for building and debugging embedded applications ii. ARM EABI 2.0 and CMSIS compliance iii. Advanced optimization technology generating the most compact and efficient code iv. Automatic checking of MISRA C (2004) rules for safety-critical systems v. Support for ARM, Thumb1 and Thumb-2 processor modes and VFP coprocessors vi. ETM Trace support via IAR J-Trace and SWO support via J-Trace for Cortex-M3 vii. RTOS-aware debugging with built-in or 3rd-party plug-ins viii. Tight integration with  IAR PowerPac (RTOS and middleware tools)  IAR J-Link and IAR J-Trace (hardware debug probes)  IAR visualSTATE (state machine design and verification tools)

B.

VISUAL BASIC

Visual Basic (VB) is the third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model. Visual Basic is designed to be relatively easy to learn and use. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects. Scripting languages such as VBA and VBScript are syntactically similar to Visual Basic, but perform differently. A programmer can put together an application using the components provided with Visual Basic itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but doing so requires external function declarations.

V IMPLEMENTATION This project study in real time presents a system that provides a continuous monitoring of environmental parameters Temperature, Salinity and pH. Temperature is measured from the temperature and others are measured with respective sensors are processed by a built-in microcontroller. The processed data are then transmitted by Zigbee wireless transmission. Finally the received data is sent to the PC. In the PC a coding is written using Visual basic for transmitting the information of continuous monitoring of environmental parameters to the user using the program through a Zigbee modem. It can measure sea surface temperature which affects the behavior of the earth’s atmosphere above, so their initialization into atmospheric models is important to monitor and analyse water temperature which is essential and useful to control physical characteristics. While sea surface temperature is important for tropical cyclogenesis, it is also important in determining the formation of sea fog and sea breezes. Similarly chemical characteristics of water like pH, salinity, TDS which can help with water pollution detection and discharge of toxic chemicals and contamination in water to improve the quality of drinking water. IAR Embedded Workbench is a set of development tools for building and debugging embedded applications using assembler, C and C++ which is used for programming the controller unit. Using zigbee modem data is transmitted to the end user at the monitoring station.

Fig.5 Hardware Implemented

VI CONCLUSION The study reviewed from my prototype model is that efficiency of wireless Sensor Network an important technological breakthrough to real time one for monitoring some oceanographic parameters in which it is necessary to achieve high space/time resolutions. The real time model project efficiency of WSN can be achieved only with the following factors: ISBN 978-81-9089-807-2 © 2012 Published by Kanthimathi Publications


i. ii. iii. iv.

Efficient power supply systems to cover the duration of the deployment. It will be essential to obtain designs that minimize the number of connectors used, since that is especially sensitive to corrosion in a marine environment. Design of buoys with ready access to their components for maintenance and eventual dismantling. Improvement of communications systems (antennas and radio modules) so that they are more reliable and guarantee communication between sensor nodes in adverse weather conditions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study project fund was provided by my institute IOM, Anna University, Chennai under the supervision and guidance by my Professor Dr.R. Ramesh for the final year thesis during my academic course of M.TechCoastal Management from 2011-2012. Further this project was studied and carried out at NIOT, Chennai under the guidance by Mr. V. Suseentharan, Scientist from Coastal Environmental and Engineering group. I would like to thank both of them for their support and help.

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