October 2009 Construction Inspection

Construction Inspection for  Public Works Best Practices Best Practices Hank Gentile, PE        Simon Wong Engineering Brandon DiPietro      Otay Water District , Todd Niemann CCM      TW Niemann, Inc. Paul Mochel, PE, CCM      Valley CM

Planning & Management  INSPECTOR’S ROLE - PUBLIC WORKS PROJECT •

REPRESENT OWNER & CONSTRUCTION MANAGER/R.E.

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QUALITY ASSURANCE INSPECTION – ACCEPTANCE OF WORK AS PROGRESS CONTINUES

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PROJECT DOCUMENTATION – DAILY DIARIES, PHOTOGRAPHS

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CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION

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COORDINATION WITH TESTING & TECHNICIANS, THIRD PARTY STAKEHOLDERS,

Planning & Management  INSPECTOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES •

VERIFY QUALITY AND CONTENT OF WORK PRODUCED COMPLIES WITH CONTRACT DOCUMENTS

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ENSURE THAT WORK PROGRESSES IN COMPLIANCE WITH SAFETY REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

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ENSURE THAT WORK PROGRESSES IN CONFORMANCE WITH PERMIT CONDITIONS

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ENSURE THAT PROJECT DOCUMENTATION IS ACCURATE AND CURRENT

Planning & Management  g g INSPECTOR’S AUTHORITY •

ACCEPTANCE OF WORK PRODUCT AS PROJECT PROGRESSES

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DEVELOP/VERIFY ACCURATE MONTHLY PAY QUANTITIES

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ENSURE THAT CONTRACTOR ADHERES TO PROJECT SAFETY & PERMIT REQUIREMENTS

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IDENTIFY NON-COMPLIANT WORK (IN A TIMELY MANNER) FOR CORRECTION

Planning & Management  g g INSPECTOR’S AUTHORITY •

DOES NOT HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO DIRECT THE CONTRACTOR’S MEANS & METHODS, MANPOWER

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DOES NOT HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO REDESIGN THE PROJECT, or “BEND THE RULES”

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DOES NOT HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO OBSTRUCT THE CONTRACTOR’S PROGRESS OR SEEK RETRIBUTION FOR PAST “SINS” DOES NOT HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO “SHUT THE JOB DOWN”, EXCEPT IN THE CASE OF IMMINENT DANGER DUE TO A SAFETY HAZARD

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Planning & Management  g g INSPECTOR’S PREPARATION •

KNOW THE PLANS & SPECIFICATIONS, OTHER DOC’S (Permit Conditions, TCE’s, AGREEMENTS, etc..)

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CHECK QUANTITIES

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PREPARE PAYMENT SHEETS/TRACKING DOCUMENTS IN ADVANCE

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REVIEW PERTINENT APPROVED SUBMITTALS/SHOP DRAWINGS/RFI’S/MATERIALS RELEASE

Planning & Management  g g INSPECTOR’S PREPARATION •

IS SPECIAL INSPECTION REQUIRED?  WHO PERFORMS?

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REVIEW STAKING NOTES/FIELD LAYOUT PRIOR TO WORK BEGINNING • • • •

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VERIFY STAKING NOTES MATCH LATEST PLAN SHEETS FIELD MEASURE STAKING & LAYOUT TO CATCH ERRORS CHECK ELEVATIONS BY RUNNING A LEVELING CIRCUIT SET TEMPORARY BENCHMARKS THAT WON’T BE OBLITERATED

CHANGE ORDER WORK – SAME APPROACH/ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Planning & Management Planning & Management  INSPECTOR’S PREPARATION CHANGE ORDER WORK •

REVISED PLANS & SPECIFICATIONS – KNOW WHAT’S WHAT S CHANGED

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EXTRA WORK METHODS OF PAYMENT: • INCREASE/DECREASE OF ITEM • AGREED PRICE • EXTRA WORK AT FORCE ACCOUNT (TIME & MATERIALS)

• TENTATIVE AGREEMENTS – DONE ON A DAILY BASIS & SIGNED BY BOTH PARTIES

Planning & Management Planning & Management  INSPECTOR’S PREPARATION & PLANNING PRECONSTRUCTION MEETINGS •

SET EXPECTATIONS AT THIS TIME REGARDING QUALITY & SAFETY

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REVIEW PROJECT REQUIREMENTS AND NOTABLE FEATURES

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ESTABLISH PROTOCOL/PROCEDURES REGARDING INSPECTION & TESTING

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EMPHASIZE SAFETY - INCLUDING TRAFFIC CONTROL, CRANE WORK

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NOT NECESSARILY THE TIME TO DREDGE UP PROBLEMS

Planning & Management Planning & Management  WORK PHILOSOPHY/APPROACH •

ADVOCATE FOR THE PROJECT – TAKE OWNERSHIP OF WORK

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PROACTIVE APPROACH TO THE PROJECT - SOLVE PROBLEMS AT LOWEST POSSIBLE LEVEL

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PARTNERING ATTITUDE – HELP THE CONTRACTOR WHEN YOU CAN

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DON’T DON T BE AFRAID TO SHARE POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

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INSPECTORS CAN MAKE OR BREAK JOBS

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THE PERFECT SET OF PLANS – THEY DON’T EXIST

Planning & Management Planning & Management  ISSUES/PROBLEMS = CHALLENGES •

FIND THE PROBLEMS BEFORE THE CONTRACTOR DOES

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BRING SOLUTIONS ALONG WITH THE PROBLEMS

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SNAP JUDGEMENTS/ANSWERS NOT NECESSARY

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SOLVE AT LOWEST LEVEL POSSIBLE , BUT KEEP R.E. IN THE LOOP

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EMERGENCY SITUATIONS – SAFETY FIRST PRIORITY

Planning & Management Planning & Management PUBLIC RELATIONS – THE FACE OF THE PROJECT •

INSPECTOR IS OFTEN THE PERSON FIRST SEEN OR APPROACHED

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PROFESSIONAL, COURTEOUS, KNOWLEDGEABLE DEMEANOR

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COURTESY TO CITIZENS/PUBLIC/AGENCIES/STAKEHOLDERS

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PROVIDE SAFE SITE FOR THE TRAVELING PUBLIC

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WORK WITH THE CONTRACTOR TO PROVIDE A CLEAN AND ORGANIZED SITE

Planning & Management Planning & Management  FIELD WORK PREPARATION – PREPARING & CHECKING GRADES •

USE PLANS, PROFILES, CONTOUR SHEETS, SURVEYING INFORMATION

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DEVELOP GRADES IN ADVANCE OF THE WORK BEING PERFORMED

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IF NECESSARY NECESSARY, PERFORM LAYOUT IN FIELD FIELD, OR USE STAKING

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PLAN ACTUAL GRADE CHECKING TO OPTIMIZE THE ACTIVITY

Planning & Management Planning & Management  PREPARATION – THE KEY TO SUCCESS •

SUCCESSFUL CONTRACTORS PLAN THEIR WORK – SO DO SUCCESSFUL CM TEAMS

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PREPARATION SHOWS, RESULTING IN CREDIBILITY WITH THE CONTRACTOR

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PREPARATION SHOWS, RESULTING IN CREDIBILITY WITH THE OWNER/CLIENT, RESULTING IN FUTURE WORK

Compliance and Documentation By: Brandon DiPietro Inspection Supervisor [email protected] p @ y g Otay Water District office 619 619--670 670--2203 cell 619619-987987-6374 October 9, 2009

Introduction • • • • • • • •

Means and Methods RFI’s and Submittals Daily y Reports p Photos Managing Personalities Public Relations Non compliance Non-compliance Questions

Means and Methods D ’ and Do’s dD Don’ts ’t

Do • Inspector ensures compliance with the construction documents • Look L k ahead h d att allll phases h off work k and d confer f with the contractor Don’t – • Dictate means or methods of construction • Guarantee the Contractor’s work • Interpret the intent of the contract documents • Acceptance of work Construction Inspection Manual – Seventh Edition BNI Building News

RFI’s and Submittals • Keep a separate log of RFI’s and Submittals • Number the RFI’s and Submittals as they are received from the contractor. • Include the date received, the date returned, and the disposition • Enter all documentation into the project file

Dailies Introduction • Main functions of inspection – - Observe - Report - Record -Communicate

Documentation • Inspection lives and dies on documentation. documentation • Documentation is one of the most essential ti l parts t off the th job j b • At some time YOU will be called to answer for what went on. • Think before you write write. • Remember who your audience is and d will ill b be.

Observe • Ob Observation ti iin IInspection ti iis kkey tto your job – Notice the details! • Look L k att the th whole h l situation, it ti step t back look at the work. • How H iis th the work kb being i performed f d • Consider safety, yours and the people l working ki on th the site. it • Determine future accessibility and work-ability k bilit b by th the owner • Listen to what the contractor is and i nott telling is t lli you.

Report • Take notes while on site or during a meeting. meeting • Keep it Factual!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Keep your emotions out of itit. • Take photos to back up your statements. • Remember –One photo equals a thousand words. Photos can speak volumes or say nothing.

Record • Before putting pen to paper – THINK. • Whom am I writing this for and where will it go? • Be clear and specific in your writing. • Be accurate in your reporting – Sweat the small stuff! • Proof read all of your documentation before submitting it. Have clean eyes look it over.

Record – What should be in your documents • • • • • •

What should be noted? Site conditions Crew size/equipment used Hours and materials used Conversations/interactions Recording what happened when not on site • Anything else that may be of interest

Record – Questions that should be answered • Be accurate and do not deviate from the truth. • Answer all of these questions in All documentation – - Who - What - Why - When - Where - How - How many

Recommendations • After you have gathered all the f t – look facts l k att your options ti and d weight the importance of the d i i decision. • Speak with the contractor, get all sides of the issues. • If need be - Speak p with yyour supervisor, manager, project manager, g , and/or another inspector. p

• Discretion – use it wisely

Communications • Speak with the Contractor, Supervisor and anyone else you Supervisor, need too to get the correct g g the p project. j information regarding • Record main points of all the conversations. • Remember who you are dealing possible to with. Be aware as p background relations and if need be, be EXTRA informative in your documentation.

Daily Report Wrap Up • Main functions of inspection • Inspection lives and dies on documentation. • At some time YOU will be called to answer for what went on. • Notice the details! And sweat the small stuff • Listen to what the contractor is and is not telling you • Before putting pen to paper – THINK • Remember R b th the 5 W’ W’s and d 2 H’ H’s

• Discretion – use it!

Photos • Photos can speak p volumes • Photos can say absolutely nothing • Take more photos than you think you need • Be B aware off shadows, h d excessive i sun, and BACKGROUND!!!!!!!!!

Managing g g Personalities • Try and develop a professional working relationship with all contacts. Cultivate these contacts and keep in touch with them. them • You are in a relationship with the contractor like it or not not. • When need be stop and look at yourself. How can a situation be approached differently? • Lose the construction cop attitude!

Public Relations • Track all issues in regards g to interactions with the public • Record date, time, issue, and resolution if any • Run all issues to ground • Do not ignore calls and complaints l i t • Follow up with the complainant

Issues of Non-compliance p • • • • •

Reference the contract document Be consistent in issuances Record the incident or violation Get a signature Inform the project manager

Summary y • Inspection p lives and dies on documentation • Keep all documentation accurate • Answer the 5 W’s and the 2 H’s • Documentation D t ti relates l t di directly tl tto money.

References• Graham, Gordon June 24, 2008 “Risk Management Considerations in Water District Operations” Operations • C Construction t ti IInspection ti Manual M l– Seventh Edition BNI Building News

Construction Safety and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly within the “Orange Zone” By T dd Niemann, Todd Ni CCM TWNiemann | Inc

Safety z

Inspector p must have a working g knowledge g of the controlling regulations, codes and directives g with ppublic convenience, ppublic safety y dealing and construction safety. z Inspector must take immediate action to reduce or eliminate a hazard or an unsafe practice. z Inspector must make a conscientious and diligent effort to eliminate any conditions, which would be hazardous to the workers workers, the public or themselves.

Safety Rules for Inspectors z

The following g are the general g employee p y responsibilities as prescribed in OSHA law. No pperson shall do any y of the following: g 1) Remove, displace, damage, destroy or carry off any

safety device, safeguard, notice or warning, furnished for use in any employment or place of employment. 2) Interfere in any way with the use thereof by any person.

Safety Rules for Inspectors (cont’d) 3) Interfere with the use of any method or process

adopted for the protection of any employee, including oneself, in such employment or place of employment. 4) Fail il or neglect l to do d every other h thing hi reasonably bl necessary to protect the life and safety of employees. employees

Resources/Links z

http://www.ca-osha.com/ Cal OSHA Construction Safety Orders Available from BNI – (760) 734-1113 1 888 BNI BOOKS 1-888-BNI-BOOKS z http://www.clicksafety.com/ Online safety training (10 Hr. & 30 Hr. OSHA))

Fatalities in Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes in the U.S. in Construction/Maintenance Zones (2008) z Texas

– 134 Total z California – 70 Total z Florida – 81 Total z U.S. – 720 Total!

Primary Functions of Temporary Traffic Controls z

z

Provide Safe and Efficient Movement of Vehicles, Bicyclists and Pedestrians Through or Around Bicyclists, Temporary Traffic Control Zones Provide Safety for the Workers Performing the Many Varied Tasks Within the Work Space Consideration for Road User Safety, Worker Safety, and the Efficiency of Road User Flow is an Integral Element of Every Traffic Control Zone – From Planning through Completion

The Temporary y Traffic Control Plan z

No O N One S Set off T Temporary T Traffic ffi Control C l Devices Can Satisfy All Conditions for a Given Project z Temporary Traffic Control Selected Depends On: – – – – –

Type of Highway Road User Conditions Duration of Operation Physical Constraints Proximity of Work Zone to Road Users

The Temporary Traffic Control Plan z

Detail Appropriate to Complexity of the Project j z Prepared and Understood by All Responsible Parties – Before Starting! z Any Changes Should be Approved by an Official Knowledgeable (Trained and/or Certified) in Proper Temporary Traffic Control Practices

Other Key y Elements z

z z

z

Temporary Traffic Control Devices Inconsistent with the Intended Travel Path Should be Removed or Covered Flagging Procedures Should Provide Positive Guidance to the Road Users Devices Should be Carefully Monitored Under Varying Conditions Including: – Road User Volumes – Light i h / Visibility i ibili Conditions C di i – Weather Conditions All Devices D i Should Sh ld be b Removed R d When Wh No N Longer L Needed or Work is Suspended

Other Key Elements z

Coordinate Adjacent or Overlapping Projects to Avoid Duplicative and/or Redundant Signage z Spend the Time on Public Relations – – – –

z

Nature of the Work Time and Duration Anticipated Effects Alternate l Routes

Follow the Plan! z 5-P’s

Temporary p y Traffic Control Zones z Advance Warning g – What to expect

Area

z Transition Area – Physically Moves the Traffic z Activity A ti it Area A or Work W k Zone Z – Includes the Buffer Space z Termination Area – “End Road Work”

Detours and TwoTwo-Way Traffic z

Detours and Diversions – Clearly Signed Over Entire Length for Ease of

Use – Put Yourself in the Motorists Shoes z

One Lane, Two-Way Traffic Control – Movement from Each End Must be

Coordinated, i.e. Flaggers, Flag Transfer, or Pilot Car

Pedestrian Safety z

Need Clearly Delineated and Usable Travel Path z Three Considerations in Planning – Should Not be Lead Into Conflicts with the

Work Zone – Should Not be Lead Into Conflicts with V hi l Vehicles – Provide Safe, Convenient Path Similar to the Existing Sidewalks or Footpaths

Worker Safety z

Equally Important as the Safety of the Road Users z Key Elements to Improve Worker Safety – Training – Worker Clothing – Traffic Barriers – Speed Reduction

Qualifications for Flaggers z

Because They are Responsible for Road User Safety and Make Frequent Contact With the Public, Flaggers Should Have: – Sense of Responsibility – Adequate Training – Average Intelligence – Physically Ph i ll Fit andd Mentally M t ll Alert Al t – Courteous But Firm – Neat Appearance

The “Good” Good z

Temporary Traffic Control a g Training z Construction Traffic Control Contracting

Temporary Traffic Control Training z

Traffic Control Service, Inc. – Video Libraries – Tailgate Training – Advanced Training for Inspectors

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American Traffic Safety Services Assoc. – Flagging Training Course – Instructor Qualification

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Cal OSHA – Specific Requirements for Flaggers

Construction Traffic Control Contracting z C-31 C 31

License Li (CCR Division Di i i 8, 8 Title Titl 16, 16 Article 3) – Prepares / Removes Lane Closures – Provides Flagging / Traffic Diversions – Utilizes Portable Devices Including: Cones,

Delineators, Barricades, Sign Stands, Flashing Beacons, Flashing l hi Arrow Trailers, il andd Changeable Message Signs, on Roadways, Public Streets, Streets Highways and Public Conveyances

Lane Closure & Equipment Protection

Changeable Message Board

Stop Signs Placed When Signal on Recall

Good Pedestrian Access & Transition

The “Bad”

A Little Busy!

Trench Plates are a Necessary Evil!

Need the Proper Equipment at Night

The “Ugly” Ugly

Not Considered “High“High-Visibility” Clothing

An Accident Waiting to Happen…

…And It Did!

Resources / Links z

Work Area Traffic Control Handbook ((WATCH Manual)) z Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) z Caltrans Specifications z Greenbook G b k

Resources / Links z z z z z

FHWA Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices: http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/index.htm W k Zone Work Z Safety S f t Information I f ti Clearinghouse: Cl i h http://wzsafety.tamu.edu/index.stm National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices: http://www.ncutcd.org/ American Traffic Safetyy Services Association: http://www.atssa.com/ Traffic Control Service, Inc: h // http://www.tcsi.biz/ i bi /

Resources / Links z

Traffic Control Service, Service Inc: http://www.tcsi.biz/ – Request A Free TCS Catalog:

Via e-mail to: [email protected] z Call toll-free: – S. California: 800-222-8274 – N. California: 800 800-884-8274 884 8274 – Nevada: 888-888-8274 z Visit on-line on line at: http://www.tcsi.biz/0_catalog.htm z

Resources / Links z

The Traffic Cone Preservation Society: http://animation.filmtv.ucla.edu/students/ awinfrey/coneindex.htm

Technical Inspection Technical Inspection Paul Mochel, PE, CCM, CWI, CPII

Standard Drawings San Diego Regional  Standard Drawings  h // http://www.regional‐ i l stds.com/index.html Water Districts  and Cities may  have their own.

Standard Specifications Standard Specifications • ‐Most Most agencies use a set of standard specs  agencies use a set of standard specs and modify them for each project – Green Book (Standard Specifications for Public  Green Book (Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction) – Caltrans – Individual Agencies

• ‐Approved Material Lists Approved Material Lists

CSI Standards CSI Standards • • • • • •

Standard Divisions 1‐General 2‐Site Work 3‐Concrete 4‐Masonry …etc.

• Each Each Division is  Division is Broken Down  Further

Specification Section Detail Specification Section Detail • • •

Section 1: General Section 2: Materials Section 3: Execution

Specification Section Detail Specification Section Detail

Specification Section Detail Specification Section Detail

Earthwork  Earthwork • What is earthwork?   What is earthwork? – Clearing & grubbing – Structural excavation/fill Structural excavation/fill – Trench excavation/backfill – Blasting Bl ti – What material to use (Sieve analysis) – How to compact the material H h i l

Earthwork • Compaction – Methods:  Tamper, powder puff, wacker, vibratory  plate wheel etc plate, wheel, etc. – Inspection:  Sand cone, nuke gauge, visusal – Moisture content:  Key to good compaction Moisture content: Key to good compaction

Earthwork Compaction Earthwork‐Compaction

Earthwork Compaction Earthwork‐Compaction

Earthwork Dewatering Earthwork‐Dewatering • Water is not good for digging underground Water is not good for digging underground • Water moves soil‐reduces bearing capacity  • Lower water to several feet below excavation – ‐Sumps (limited use) usually if right at water level – ‐Wells to lower water

Dewatering

Dewatering

Dewatering

Dewatering

Dewatering

Pipelines • Types of Pipe (Flexible vs. Rigid) Types of Pipe (Flexible vs Rigid) • PVC (Plastic) – SDR 35 SDR 35 – C900/905

• CMLC (Cement Mortar Lined & Coated) • RCP (Reinforced Concrete Pipe) CMP (Corriguated Metal Pipe) • DI (Ductile Iron) DI (Ductile Iron)

Pipelines

Pipelines 

Pipelines‐Mechanical Pipelines Mechanical Joints Joints

Pipelines • Saddle Connection Saddle Connection • Valves

Concrete • Form Work (Separate Spec Section) – Dimensions, penetrations, support, cleanliness Dimensions penetrations support cleanliness

Concrete – Rebar (Special Inspection) Clearances Laps Opening Reinforcements Clearances, Laps, Opening Reinforcements

Concrete • Mix Design (Admixtures) • Rejecting a Load Rejecting a Load • Cylinder Testing (Special Inspection‐ACI  C tifi ti ) Certification) • Curing‐Why???How?? • Finishing‐Different types • Consolidations (Over vibrating Consolidations (Over vibrating‐what what happens) happens)