One stop mycology - Science Direct

Mycol. Res. 99 (8): 1016-1024 (1995)

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One stop mycology

LILYANN NOVAK FRAZER AND DAVID MOORE School of Biological Sciences, 1.800 Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK

This listing covers the period February 1, 1995 through to February 28, 1995. Citations are arranged in groups which roughly correspond with the British Mycological Society's Special Interest Committees. All correspondence about this item should be addressed to the Executive Editor. Reprints of this feature will not be available.

BIOTECHNOLOGY Imaging techniques have been developed into powerful tools over the last decade. Confocal microscopy offers "optical sectionning" and 3-D reconstruction without the need for mechanical sectionning; the applications and limitations of this technique as applied to the fungal system are reviewed by Czymmek, Whallon & Klomparens (1994). Another technique for imaging at the molecular level is scanning tunneling microscopy. Muller et al. (1994) use it to image the > 50° bend produced in a DNA strand bound by repressor activator protein 1 (RAP 1). Abusalah, K. M. (1995). A sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the quantitation of amphotericin B in plasma and whole blood. Analytical Letters 28.27-43. Baciocchi. E.. Dacunzo. F. & Galli. C (1995). Steric effects and selectivity in the benzylic hydroxylation by metalloporphyrins and by the fungus Mortierella isabellina. Tetrahedron Letters 36. 315-318. Bodicker. M. & Weiss. H. (1994). Isolation of ubiquinol. Cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex-III) from fungal and plant mitochondria - affinity chromatography. In Practical Guide to Membrane Protein Purification. (ed. G. Vonjagow & H. Schagger), pp. 135-140. Academic Press Inc: San Diego. Haines, A. H. & Taylor. R. ]. K. (1995). (Halogenomethyl)phenyl Briggs. J. a-D-glucopyranosides as enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors of yeast a-glucosidase and potential anti-HlV agents. Journal of the Chemical Society - Perkin Transactions 1 (1), 27-32. Brozmanova. ].. Vlckova. V" Chovanec. M., Cemakova. L., Skorvaga. M. & Margison, G. P. (1994). Expression of the E. coli ada gene in S. cerevisiae provides cellular resistance to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rad6 but not in rad52 mutants. Nucleic Acids Research 22. 5717-5722. Centeno, F.. Deschamps. S.. Lompre. A. M., Anger. M.. Moutin. M.].. Dupont. Y.. Palmgren. M. G., Villalba, J. M., Moller, ]. V" FaIson. P. & Lemaire, M. (1995). Expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2 +-ATPase in yeast (vol 354. pg II 7, 1994). FEBS Letters 358,104.

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Chen, D. Chuang. L. T.• Chen. W. P. & Kuo. T. T. (1995). Abnormal growth induced by expression of HBsAg in the secretion pathway of S. cerevisiae pep4 mutants. Current Genetics 27, 201-206. Chen. H.. Pulido. ]. C & Duyk, G. M. (1995). MATS: A rapid and efficient method for the development of microsatellite markers from YACs. Genomics 25. 1-8. Collinge, M. A. & Althaus. F. R. (1994). Expression of human poly(ADPribose) polymerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular & General Genetics 245, 686-693. Czymmek. K.].. Whallon, J. H. & K1omparens. K. L. (1994). Confocal microscopy in mycological research. Experimental Mycology 18. 275-293. Dixon, B. (1995). Using fungal dressings to heal wounds. Bio - Technology 13, 120-121. Fuemkranz. H. A., Wang. Y. S.. Karathanasis, S. K. & Mak. P. (1994). Transcriptional regulation of the apoAI gene by hepatic nuclear factor 4 in yeast. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 5665-5671. Fungaro. M. H. P.. Rech. E.• Muhlen, G. S.• Vainstein, M. H.. Pascon. R. C, Dequeiroz. M. V., Pizziranikleiner. A. A. & Deazevedo. ]. L. (1995). Transformation of Aspergillus nidulans by microprojectile bombardment on intact conidia. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125. 293-297. Good, P. D. & Engelke. D. R. (1994). Yeast expression vectors using RNA polymerase III promoters. Gene 151, 209-214. Huff. T., Kubalt H. G. & Anke, T. (1994). 7-Chloro-4.6-dimethoxy-l(3H)isobenzofurane and basidalin: antibiotic secondary metabolites from Leucoagaricus carneifolia Gillet (basidiomycetes) (vol 49, pg 407, 1994). Zeitschrift fUr Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences 49, 894. Koch. H. P. & Partilla, A. (1995). The activity of homeopathic tinctures in the "yeast-test". Pharmazie 50, 73. Koch. H. P.• Plobner. K. & Trojan. M. (1994). Toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the "yeast test". Pharmazie 49, 934-935. Lu. P., Marquardt. R. R. & Kierekjaszczuk. D. (1995). Immunochemical identification of fungi using polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits to exoantigens from Aspergillus ochraceus. Letters in Applied Microbiology 20, 41-45. Luo. J. X., Li. Y.. Li. W. Q., Zhang, T. Y. & He, M. (1994). Expression of a-amylase gene of Bacillus licheniformis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science in China Series B - Chemistry Life Sciences & Earth Sciences 37. 1321-1328. Meinhardt. F. & Holtwick, R. (1995). Generation of a stable non-reverting Leu- mutant of Kluyveromces lactis by gene disruption. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 42. 734-737. Mendoz-Avega. 0 .. Sabatie. J. & Brown, S. W. (1994). Industrial production of heterologous proteins by fed-batch cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 15. 369-410. Muller. T.. Gilson. E.. Schmidt, R., Giraldo. R.. Sogo. ].. Gross, H. & Gasser. S. M. (1994). Imaging the asymmetrical DNA bend induced by repressor activator protein 1 with scanning tunneling microscopy. Journal of Structural Biology 113. 1-12.

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Lilyann Novak Frazer and David Moore Nakamura, K., Inoue, Y. & Ohno, A (1995). Improvement of enantioselectivity of microbial reduction by using organic solvent redox coupler system. Tetrahedron Letters 36, 265-266. Nakamura, K., Kondo, S., Nakajima, N. & Ohno, A (1995). Mechanistic study for stereochemical control of microbial reduction of a-keto eaters in an organic solvent. Tetrahedron 51, 687-694. Orr, M L., Bono, J. L., Abuodeh, R. 0., Williams, S. L Legendre, A M & Scalarone, G. M. (1994). Comparative stability, sensitivity and specifidty studies with different lots of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast and mycelial lysate antigens. Mycoses 37, 155-160. Papantoni, M., Mathiasson, L. & Nilsson, U. (1995). Long-term studies of fungicide concentrations in greenhouses. 1. Technique for determining surficial foliar residues of fungicides with vinclozolin and triadimefon as model compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 43, 157-164. Pilling, E. D., Bromley-Challenor, K. A Walker, C H. & Jepson, P. C. (1995). Mechanism of synergism between the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin and the imidazole fungicide prochloraz, in the honeybee (Apis mel/ifera L.). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 51, 1-11. Raben, N., Exelbert, R., SpiegeL K, Sherman, J. B., Nakajima, H., Plotz, P. & Heinisch, J. (1995). Functional expression of human mutant phosphofructokinase in yeast: genetic defects in French Canadian and Swiss patients with phosphofructokinase deficiency. American Journal of Human Genetics 56, 131-141. Romanos, M. A, Hughes, F. L Comerford, S. A & Scorer, C A (1995). Production of a phosphorylated GST::HPV-6 E7 fusion protein using a yeast expression vector and glutathione S-transferase fusions. Gene 152, 137-138. Roussos, S., Aquia-Huatl, M. D" Trejo-Hernandez, M. D., Perraud, I. G., Favela, E., Ramakrishna, M., Raimbault, M. & Viniegra-Gonzalez, G. (1995). Biotechnological management of coffee pulp. Isolation, screening characterization, selection of caffeine degrading fungi and natural microflora present in coffee pulp and husk. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 42, 756-762. Sasagawa, T" Pushko, P., Steers, G., Gschmeissner, S. E., Hajibagheri, M. A, Finch, J., Crawford, L. & Tommasino, M. (1995). Synthesis and assembly of virus-like particles of human papillomaviruses type 6 and type 16 in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Virology 206, 126-135. Shiomi, N., Fukuda, H., Murata, K. & Kimura, A (1995). Improvement of Sadenosylmethionine production by integration of the ethionine-resistance gene into chromosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 42, 730-733. Staudinger, L Zhou, J. M., Burgess, R., Elledge, S. J. & Olson, E. N. (1995). PICK1: a perinuclear binding protein and substrate for protein kinase c isolated by the yeast two-hybrid system. Journal of Cel/ Biology 128, 263-271. Tanaka, M., Hirai, H., Loverde, P. T., Nagafuchi, S., Franco, G. R., Simpson, A J. G. & Pena, S. D. J. (1995). Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)-based genome mapping of Schistosoma mansoni. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 69, 41-51. Tohda, H., Okada, H., Gigahama, Y., Okayama, H. & Kumagai, H. (1994). A copy-number-controlled expression vector for the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Gene 150, 275-280. Tsuchida, K., Aoyagi, Y, Odani, S., Mita, T. & Isemura, M. (1995). Isolation of a novel collagen-binding protein from the mushroom, Hypsizigus marmoreus, which inhibits the Lewis lung carcinoma cell adhesion to type IV collagen. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1481-1484. van Nostrand, W. E., Schmaier, A H., Neiditch, B. R., Siegel, K S., Raschke, W. C, Sisodia, S. S. & Wagner, S. L. (1994). Expression, purification, and characterization of the Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor domain of the amyloid l3-protein precursor-like protein-2. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 1209, 165-170. Wang, Y. K., Huff, E. J. & Schwartz, D. C. (1995). Optical mapping of sitedirected cleavages on Single DNA molecules by the RecA-assisted restriction endonuclease technique. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 92, 165-169. Willaert, R. G. & Baron, G. V. (1995). The dynamic behaviour of yeast cells immobilised in porous glass studied by membrane mass spectrometry. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 42, 664-670. Yamauchi, Y., Okamoto, T., Murayama, H., Kajino, K., Amikura, T., Hiratsu, H., Nagara, A, Kamiya, T. & Inoue, T. (1995). Rapid maturation of beer

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using an immobilized yeast bioreactor. 1. Heat conversion of a-acetolactate. Journal of Biotechnology 38, 101-108. Yamauchi, Y, Okamoto, T., Murayama, H., Kajino, K., Nagara, A & Noguchi, K. (1995). Rapid maturation of beer using an immobilized yeast bioreactor. 2. Balance of total diacetyl reduction and regeneration. Journal of Biotechnology 38, 109-116. Yeung, J. M. & Newsome, W. H. (1995). Determination of chlorothalonil in produce by enzyme immunoassay. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 54, 444-450.

ECOLOGY Morais, P. B., Rosa, C A, Hagler, AN. & Mendoncahagler, L. C (1994). Yeast communities of the cactus Pilosocereus arrabidae as resources for larval and adult stages of Drosophila serido. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology 66, 313-317. Summerbell, R. Staib, F., Ahearn, D. G., Ando, M., Ajello, L., Crow, S. A, Fung, D., Gregor, T., Noble, J., Price, D. L., Simmons, R. B., Tarlo, S. M. & Woychuk, W. (1994). Household hyphomycetes and other indoor fungi. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 277-286.

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FORA Y & CONSERVATION van der Walt, J. P., Nakase, T., Suzuki, M., Takashima, M. & Yamada, Y (1994). Debaryomyces polymorphus var. Africanus, a new variety of ascosporogenous yeast found in South Africa. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 40, 331-337.

GENETICS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & EVOLUTION One of many interesting papers in this issue deals with aspects of transcription. Shea, Toyn & Johnston (1994) isolate and clone the DBF3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and confirm its function in the S phase as a cell cycle regulated protein kinase. But they also discover that its sequence is identical to PRP8, a gene coding for the protein component of the U5 small ribonucleoprotein, associated with the spliceosome during transcription. They conclude that in yeast DBF3/PRP8 "appears to have a role in the cell cycle as well as the previously characterised role in pre-mRNA splicing". Agou, F., Yang, Y S., Gesquiere, ]. C, Waller, J. P. & Guittet, E. (1995). Polyanion-induced a-helical structure of a synthetic 23-residue peptide representing the lysine-rich segment of the N-terminal extension of yeast cytoplasmic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. Biochemistry 34, 569-576. Alghisi, G. C, Roberts, E., Cardenas, M. E. & Gasser, S. M. (1994). The regulation of DNA topoisomerase II by casein kinase II. Cellular & Molecular Biology Research 40, 563-571. Ali, B. R. S., Zhou, L. Q., Graves, F. M, Freedman, R. B., Black, G. W., Gilbert, H.]. & Hazlewood, G. P. (1995). Cellulases and hemicellulases of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces constitute a multiprotein cellulose-binding complex and are encoded by multigene families. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125, 15-21. Aligue, R, Akhavanniak, H. & Russell, P. (1994). A role for Hsp90 in cell cycle control: wee1 tyrosine kinase activity requires interaction with Hsp90. EMBO Journal 13, 6099-6106. Bardwell, L., Cook, J. G., Inouye, C. J. & Thorner, J. (1994). Signal propagation and regulation in the mating pheromone response pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Developmental Biology 166, 363-379. Biswas, E. E., Chen, P. H., Leszyk, J. & Biswas, S. B. (1995). Biochemical and genetic characterization of a replication protein A dependent DNA helicase from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 206, 850-856. Brenner, c.. Bevan, A & Fuller, R. S. (1994). Biochemical and genetic methods for analyzing specificity and activity of a precursor-processing enzyme:

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One stop mycology yeast Kex2 protease, kexin. In Proteolytic Enzymes: Serine and Cysteine Peptidases, Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 244, (ed. A J. Barrett), pp. 152-167. Academic Press Inc: San Diego. Cannon, R. D., Timberlake, W. E., Gow, N. A R., Bailey, D., Brown, A, Gooday, G. W., Hube, B., Monod, Moo Nombela, Navarro, F., Perez, R., Sanchez, M. & PIa, I. (1994). Molecular biological and biochemical aspects of fungal dimorphism. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 53----{)4. Carr. A M. (1994). Radiation checkpoints in model systems. International journal of Radiation Biology 66, S133-S139. Cavan, G. & Macdonald, D. (1995). Cloning and sequence of a gene encoding the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Gene 152, 117-120. Chang, A & Fink, G. R. (1995). Targeting of the yeast plasma membrane [H+]ATPase: a novel gene ASTI prevents misiocalization of mutant ATPase to the vacuole. journal of Cell Biology 128, 39-49. Coux, 0., Nothwang, H. G., Pereira, I. S., Targa, F. R., Bey, F. & Scherrer, K. (1994). Phylogenic relationships of the amino acid sequences of prosome (proteasome, MCP) subunits. Molecular & General Genetics 245, 769-780. Cowles, CR., Emr, S. D. & Horazdovsky, B. F. (1994). Mutations in the VPS45 gene, a SECI homologue, result in vacuolar protein sorting defects and accumulation of membrane vesicles. journal of Cell Science 107, 3449-3459. Da Silva, K. V. C L., Demorais, M. A & Henriques, J. A P. (1995). The PS04 gene of S. cerevisiae is important for sporulation and the meiotic DNA repair of photoactivated psoralen lesions. Current Genetics 27, 207-212. Deshaies, R. L Chau, V. & Kirschner, M. (1995). Ubiquitination of the G, cyclin Cln2p by a Cdc34p-dependent pathway. EMBO journal 14, 303-312. Doye, V., WepE. R. & Hurt, E. C (1994). A novel nuclear pore protein Nup133p with distinct roles in poly A+ RNA transport and nuclear pore distribution. EMBO journal 13, 6062--0075. Drees, B., Brown, Barrell. B. G. & Bretscher, A (1995). Tropomyosin is essential in yeast, yet the TPMI and TPM2 products perform distinct functions. journal of Cell Biology 128, 383-392. Durrens, P., Revardel. E., Bonneu, M. & Aigle, M. (1995). Evidence for a branched pathway in the polarized cell division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Current Genetics 27, 213-216. Eitzen, G. A, Aitchison, I. D., Szilard, R. K., Veenhuis, M., Nuttley, W. M. & Rachubinski. R. A (1995). The Yarrowia lipolytica gene PAY2 encodes a 42 kDa peroxisomal integral membrane protein essential for matrix protein import and peroxisome enlargement but not for peroxisome proliferation. journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1429-1436. Elsea, S. H., Hsiung, Y Nitiss, I. L. & Osheroff, N. (1995). A yeast type II topoisomerase selected for resistance to quinolones. Mutation of histidine 1012 to tyrosine confers resistance to nonintercalative drugs but hypersensitivity to ellipticine. journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1913-1920. Eng, W. K., Faucette, L., McLaughlin, M. M., Cafferkey, Roo Koltin, Y., Morris, R. A, Young, P. R., lohnson, R. K. & Livi, G. P. (1994). The yeast FKSI gene encodes a novel membrane protein, mutations in which confer FK506 and cyclosporin A hypersensitivity and calcineurin-dependent growth. Gene 151, 61-71. Faber. K. N., Keizer-Gunnink I., Pluim, D., Harder, W., Ab, G. & Veenhuis, M. (1995). The N-terminus of amine oxidase of Hansenula polymorpha contains a peroxisomal targeting signal. FEBS Letters 357, 115-120. Feldmann, H., Aigle, M., Aljinovic, G., Andre, B., Baclet, M. Barthe, Baur, A, Becam, AM., Biteau, N., Boles, E, Brandt. T. Brendel. M., Bruckner, M., Bussereau, F., Christiansen, C, Contreras, R., Crouzet. M., Cziepluch, C, Demolis, N., Delaveau, T, Doignon, F., Domdey, H., Dusterhus, S., Dubois, E., Dujon, B., El Bakkoury, M., Entian, K. D., Feuermann, M., Fiers, W., Fobo, G. M., Fritz, Gassenhuber, Hoo Glansdorff, Noo Goffeau, A, Grivell. L. A, de Haan, Moo Hein. C. Herbert. C L Hollenberg, C P., Holmstf0m, K., lacq, lacquet. M., launiaux, I. lonniaux, J. L.. Kalles0e, T., Kiesau, P., Kirchrath, L.. Kotter, P. & Korol. S., Liebl. S., Logghe, Moo Lohan, A I. E., Louis. E. I., Li, Z. Y, Maat, M. L Mallet. L.. Mannhaupt, G., Messenguy, Foo Miosga. T, Molemans, F., Muller, S., Nasr, F., Obermaier, B., Perea, L Pierard. A, Piravandi, E, Pohl. F. M., Pohl. T Moo Potier, S., Proft, M., Purnelle. B.• Ramezani-Rad, M., Rieger, M., Rose, M., Schaaff-Gerstenschlager, I., Scherens. Boo Schwarzlose,

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Skala, L Slonimiski, P. P., Smits, P. H. M., Souciet. I. L., Steensma, H. Y, Stucka, R., Urrestarazu, A, van der Aart, Q. J. M., Van Dyck, L., Vassarotti, A, Vetter, I., Vierendeels, F., Vissers, S., Wagner, G., de Wergifosse, P., Wolfe, K. H., Zagulski, M., Zimmermann, F. K., Mewes, H. W. & Kleine, K. (1994). Complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome II. EMBO journal 13, 5795-5809. Fernandez-Canon, J. M. & Penalva, M. A (1995). Overexpression of two penicillin structural genes in Aspergillus nidulans. Molecular & General Genetics 246, 110-118. Foiani, M., Liberi, G., Lucchini, G. & Plevani, P. (1995). Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the yeast DNA polymerase aprimase B subunit. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, 883-891. Francis, D. Moo Gehlen, M. F. & St. Clair, D. A (1994). Genetic variation in homothallic and hyphal swelling isolates of Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and P. ultimum var. sporangiferum. Molecular Plant - Microbe Interactions 7, 76&-775. Tan, P. & Winston, F. (1995). The Saccharomyces Gansheroff, L. L Dollard, cerevisiae SPT7 gene encodes a very acidic protein important for transcription in vivo. Genetics 139, 523-536. Glover, C V. Bidwai, A P. & Reed, I. C (1994). Structure and function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae casein kinase II. Cellular & Molecular Biology Research 40, 481-488. Graack, H. R., Grohmann, L., Kitakawa, M. & Goldschmidtreisin, S. (1995). Gene MRP-L4, encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein YmL4, is indispensable for proper non-respiratory cell functions in yeast. Gene 152, 107-112. Grandi, P., Schlaich, N., Tekotte, H. & Hurt, E. C (1995). Functional interaction of Nic96p with a core nucleoporin complex consisting of Nsp1p, Nup49p and a novel protein Nup57p. EMBO journal 14, 7&-87. Guenther, R. H., Bakal. R. S., Forrest. B., Chen, Y., Sengupta, R., Nawrot. B., Sochacka, E, Jankowska, L Kraszewski. A. Malkiewicz, A & Agris, P. F. (1994). Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and U-54 methyltransferase recognize conformations of the yeast tRNAPhe anticodon and T stem/loop domain. Biochimie 76, 1143-1151. Haberland, I. & Gerke, V. (1995). Recombinant expression and domain structure of the Rna1 protein from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. FEBS Letters 357, 173-177. Hagan, K. Woo Ruiz-Echevarria, M. I., Quan, Y & Peltz, S. W. (1995). Characterization of cis-acting sequences and decay intermediates involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA turnover. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, 809-823. Herskowitz, I. (1995). MAP kinase pathways in yeast: for mating and more. Cell 80, 187-197. Hughes, D. A, Yabana, N. & Yamamoto, M. (1994). Transcriptional regulation of a Ras nucleotide exchange factor gene by extracellular signals in fission yeast. journal of Cell Science 107, 3635-3642. Joshi, L.. St. Leger, R. I. & Bidochka, M.1- (1995). Cloning of a cuticledegrading protease from the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125, 211-217. Kahn, A (1994). Yeast without telomerase. M S - Medecine Sciences 10, 1334. Konopka, I. B., DeMattei, C & Davis, C (1995). AFKI promotes polarized apical morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, 723-730. Kopp, M., Nwaka, S. & Holzer, H. (1994). Corrected sequence of the yeast neutral trehalase-encoding gene (NTH I): biological implications. Gene 150, 403-404. Kurtzman, C P. & Robnett, C J. (1994). Synonymy of the yeast genera Wingea and Debaryomyces. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek International journal of General and Molecular Microbiology 66, 337-342. Langin, T., Capy, P. & Daboussi, M. J. (1995). The transposable element impala, a fungal member of the Tel-mariner superfamily. Molecular & General Genetics 246, 19-28. La Roche, S. D., Shafer, B. K. & Strathern, J. N. (1995). A stell allele having a differential effect on a versus a cells. Molecular & General Genetics 246, 80-90. Larriba, G., Andaluz, E., Cueva, R. & Basco. R. D. (1995). Molecular biology of yeast exoglucanases. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125, 121-126. Leighton, I. & Schatz, G. (1995). An ABC transporter in the mitochondrial inner membrane is required for normal growth of yeast. EMBO journal 14, 188-195.

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Lilyann Novak Frazer and David Moore Livi, L. L., Edman, U., Schneider, G. P., Greene, P.]. & Santi, D. V. (1994). Cloning, expression and characterization of thymidylate synthase from Cryptococcus neoformans. Gene 150, 221-226. Lucibello, F. C, Truss, M, Zwicker, J., Ehlert, F., Beato, M & Muller, R. (1995). Periodic cdc25C transcription is mediated by a novel cell cycle-regulated repressor element (CDE). EMBO journal 14, 132-142. MacNeill, S. & Fantes, P. (1995). Meiosis. New roles for RNA in fission yeast. Current Biology 5, 4---6. Marhoul, J. F. & Adams, T. H. (1995). Identification of developmental regulatory genes in Aspergillus nidulans by overexpression. Genetics 139, 537-547. Martin, N. C. & Hopper, A K. (1994). How single genes provide tRNA processing enzymes to mitochondria, nuclei and the cytosol. Biochimie 76, 1161-1167. Masuda, H. (1995). The formation and functioning of yeast mitotic spindles. Bioessays 17, 45-51. Masuda, T, Kariya, K., Shinkai, M., Okada, T. & Kataoka, T (1995). Protein kinase Byr2 is a target of Rasl in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1979-1982. McDonough, M., Sangan, P. & Gonda, D. K. (1995). Characterization of novel yeast RAD6 (UBC2) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme mutants constructed by charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis. Journal of Bacteriology 177, 580-585. McNabb, D. S., Xing, Y. Y. & Guarente, L. (1995). Cloning of yeast HAP5: a novel subunit of a heterotrimeric complex required for CCAAT binding. Genes & Development 9, 47-58. Mead, J., Elliston, K., Mark D. F. & Ludmerer, S. W. (1994). The C-terminus of the B cell activator Oct-2 functions as an activation domain in yeast. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 205, 1998-2007. Megraw, T L., Kao, L. R. & Chae, C B. (1994). The mitochondrial histone HM: an evolutionary link between bacterial HU and nuclear HMGl proteins. Biochimie 76, 909-916. Meira, L. B., Magana-Schwencke, N., Averbeck, D. & Henriques, ]. A P. (1994). Involvement of the PSG3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in intrachromosonal mitotic recombination and gene amplification. Molecular & General Genetics 245, 750-759. Miloshev, G. & Ziatanova, ]. (1994). Existence of yeast genomic fragments hybridizing with the sea urchin histone HI gene. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 40, 359-363. Mironova, L. N., Samsonova, M. G., Zhouravleva, G. A, Kulikov, V. N. & Soom, M. J. (1995). Reversions to respiratory competence of omnipotent sup45 suppressor mutants may be caused by secondary sup45 mutations. Current Genetics 27, 195-200. Mitchell, T. G., Sandin, R. L., Bowman, B. H.. Meyer, W. & Merz, W. G. (1994). Molecular mycology: DNA probes and applications of PCR technology. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 351-366. Mittelmeier, T M. & Dieckmann, C L. (1995). In vivo analysis of sequences required for translation of cytochrome b transcripts in yeast mitochondria. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, 780-789. Mumberg, D., Muller, R. & Funk, M. (1994). Regulatable promoters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: comparison of transcriptional activity and their use for heterologous expression. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 5767-5768. Myers, K. K., Sypherd, P. S. & Fonzi, W. A (1995). Use of URA3 as a reporter of gene expression in C. albicans. Current Genetics 27, 243-248. Nacht, M., Reed, S. I. & Alwine, J. C (1995). Simian virus 40 large T antigen affects the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle and interacts with p34 cDC28 • journal of Virology 69, 756-763. Nakai, M. & Endo, T. (1995). Identification of yeast MAS17 encoding the functional counterpart of the mitochondrial receptor complex protein MOM22 of Neurospora crassa. FEBS Letters 357, 202-206. Navas, T. A, Zhou, Z. & Elledge, S. J. (1995). DNA polymerase epsilon links the DNA replication machinery to the S phase checkpoint. Cell 80, 29-39. Nawaz. Z., Baniahmad. C, Burris, T. P., Stillman, D. J., 0' Malley, B. W. & Tsai, M. J. (1994). The yeast SIN3 gene product negatively regulates the actiVity of the human progesterone receptor and positively regulates the activities of GAL4 and the HAPI activator. Molecular & General Genetics 245, 724-733. Nelson, H., Mandiyan, S. & Nelson, N. (1995). A bovine eDNA and a yeast gene (VMA8) encoding the subunit D of the vacuolar H+-ATPase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.SA. 92, 497-501.

1019 Nguyen, C, Bolotin-FukOOara, M., Wesolowski-Louvel, M. & FukOOara, H. (1995). The respiratory system of Kluyveromyces lactis escapes from HAP2 control. Gene 152, 113-115. Niino, Y. S., Chakraborty, S., Brown, B.]. & Massey, V. (1995). A new old yellow enzyme of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1983-1991. Nitiss,]. L. (1994). Yeast as a genetic model system for studying topoisomerase inhibitors. In Advances in Pharmacology, Vol 29B, (ed. L. F. Liu), pp. 201-226. Academic Press Inc: San Diego. Oliver, R. & Osbourn, A (1995). Molecular dissection of fungal phytopathogenicity. Microbiology - UK 141, 1-9. Ono, T., Suzuki, T, Anraku, Y. & !ida, H. (1994). The MID2 gene encodes a putative integral membrane protein with a Ca 2 +-binding domain and shows mating pheromone-stimulated expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 151, 203-208. Ouspenski, I. I., Mueller, U. W., Matynia, A, Sazer, S., Elledge, S. J. & Brinkley, B. R. (1995). Ran-binding protein-l is an essential component of the Ran/RCCI molecular switch system in budding yeast. journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1975-1978. PockJington, M. J. & Orr, E. (1994). Novobiocin activates the mating response in yeast through the a-pheromone receptor, Ste2p. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research 1224, 401-412. Pool, H. L. & Behe, M J. (1995). Poly(dA) poly(dT) forms very stable nucleosomes at higher temperatures. Journal of Molecular Biology 245, 559-567. Rahman, M. U. & Hudson, A P. (1995). Nature and transcriptional role of catalytic subunits of yeast mitochondrial cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 206, 756-763. Ram, A F.)., Brekelmans, S. S. C, Oehlen, L. J. W. M & KIis, F. M. (1995). Identification of two cell cycle regulated genes affecting the 13-1,3-glucan content of cell walls in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Letters 358, 165-170. Rashid, M. B., Shirahige, K., Ogasawara, N. & Yoshikawa, H. (1994). Anatomy of the stimulative sequences flanking the ARS consensus sequence of chromosome VI in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 150, 213-220. Reagan, M. S., Pittenger, C, Siede, W. & Friedberg, E. C (1995). Characterization of a mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a deletion of the RAD27 gene, a structural homolog of the RAD2 nucleotide excision repair gene. Journal of Bacteriology 177, 364-371. Richter-Ruoff, B., Wolf, D. H. & Hochstrasser, M. (1995). Degradation of the yeast MAT a 2 transcriptional regulator is mediated by the proteasome (vol 354, pg 50, 1994). FEBS Letters 358, 104. Ronne, H. (1995). Glucose repression in fungi. Trends in Genetics 11, 12-17. Sacks, W., Nurnberger, T., Hahlbrock K. & Scheel, D. (1995). Molecular characterization of nucleotide sequences encoding the extracellular glycoprotein elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma. Molecular & General Genetics 246, 45-55. Saldanha, R. J., Patel, S. S., Surendran, R., Lee, J. C & Lambowitz, A M. (1995). Involvement of Neurospora mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in RNA splicing. A new method for purifying the protein and characterization of physical and enzymatic properties pertinent to splicing. Biochemistry 34, 1275-1287. Saporito-Irwin, S. M., Birse, C E., Sypherd, P. S. & Fonzi, W. A (1995). PHRl, a pH-regulated gene of Candida albicans, is required for morphogenesis. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, 601---613. Sapperstein, S. K., Walter, D. M., Grosvenor, A R., Heuser, J. E. & Waters, M. G. (1995). p115 is a general vesicular transport factor related to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport factor Usolp. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.SA. 92, 522-526. Schlenstedt, G., Saavedra, C, Loeb, ]. D. J., Cole, C N. & Silver, P. A (1995). The GTP-bound form of the yeast Ran/TC4 homologue blocks nuclear protein import and appearance of poly A+ RNA in the cytoplasm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.SA. 92, 225-229. Shang, H. S., Wong, S. M., Tan, H. M. & Wu, M. A (1994). YKE2, a yeast nuclear gene encoding a protein showing homology to mouse KE2 and containing a putative leucine-zipper motif. Gene 151, 197-201. Shea, J. E., Toyn, J. H. & Johnston, L. H. (1994). The budding yeast U5 snRNP Prp8 is a highly conserved protein which links RNA splicing with cell cycle progression. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 5555-5564. Sherlock, G., Bahman, A M, Mahal, A.. Shieh, ]. C, Ferreira, M & Rosamond, J. (1994). Molecular cloning and analysis of CDC28 and cyclin homologues

One stop mycology from the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Molecular & General Genetics 245. 716-723. Skinner. H. B.• McGee. T. P., McMaster. C. R., Fry, M. R., Bell. R. M. & Bankaitis. V. A. (1995). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol transfer protein effects a ligand-dependent inhibition of choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 92, 112-116. Smith. B. E.. O' Day. D. H. & Proteau. G. A. (1995). Lithium in the mating response and cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 206, 401-407. Stefani. R. M. P. & Gomes. S. L. (1995). A unique intron-containing hsp70 gene induced by heat shock and during sporulation in the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii. Gene 152, 19-26. Stepien, P. P.• Kokot. L.. Leski. T. & Bartnik. E. (1995). The suv3 nuclear gene product is required for the in vivo processing of the yeast mitochondrial21s rRNA transcripts containing the rl intron. Current Genetics 27. 234-238. Svejstrup. ]. Q .• Wang, Z. G., Feaver. W. L Wu. X. H., Bushnell. D. A.. Donahue. T. F.. Friedberg. E. C. & Kornberg. R. D. (1995). Different forms of TFIIH for transcription and DNA repair: holo-TFIIH and a nucleotide excision repairosome. Cell 80. 21-28. Takaya, N .• Yanai. K.. Horiuchi. H.. Ohta. A. & Takagi. M. (1995). Analysis of the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase 2 promoter in Rhiwpus niveus. Gene 152, 121-125. Tan. X. Q., Waterham. H. R.. Veenhuis. M. & Cregg. j. M. (1995). The Hansenula polymorpha PER8 gene encodes a novel peroxisomal integral membrane protein involved in proliferation. Journal of Cell Biology 128, 307-319. Tanabe. S. & Kamada, T. (1994). The role of astral microtubules in conjugate division in the dikaryon of Coprinus rinereus. Experimental Mycology 18, 333-348. Tarassov. I.. Entelis. N. & Martin. R. P. (1995). An intact protein translocating machinery is required for mitochondrial import of a yeast cytoplasmic tRNA. Journal of Molecular Biology 245, 315-323. Thomson. M. c.. Macfarlane, j. L.. Beagley, C. T. & Wolstenholme. D. R. (1994). RNA editing of mat-r transcripts in maize and soybean increases similarity of the encoded protein to fungal and bryophyte group II intron maturases: evidence that mat-r encodes a functional protein. Nucleic Acids Research 22. 5745-5752. Thuillier. V" Stettler. S.• Sentenac. A.. Thuriaux. P. & Werner. M. (1995). A mutation in the C31 subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III affects transcription initiation. EMBO Journal 14. 351-359. Tishkoff, D. X" Rockmill, B.• Roeder. G. S. & Kolodner. R. D. (1995). The sepi mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae arrests in pachytene and is deficient in meiotic recombination. Genetics 139. 495-509. Titorenko. V. I.. Keizer, I.. Harder, W. & Veenhuis, M. (1995). Isolation and characterization of mutants impaired in the selective degradation of peroxisomes in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Journal of Bacteriology 177, 357-363. Ueda, T.. Suzuki, T., Yokogawa. T.. Nishikawa. K. & Watanabe. K. (1994). Unique structure of new serine tRNAs responsible for decoding leucine codon CUG in various Candida species and their putative ancestral tRNA genes. Biochimie 76, 1217-1222. Uemura. H. & jigami. Y. (1995). Mutations in GCRI. a transcriptional activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycolytic genes. function as suppressors of gcr2 mutations. Genetics 139, 511-521. van den Hombergh, J. P. T. W .• Jarai. G., Buxton. F. P. & Visser. J. (I994). Cloning. characterization and expression of pepF. a gene encoding a serine carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus niger. Gene 151. 73-79. van der Veen. P.. Arst. H. N .• Flipphi, M. j. A. & Visser. ]. (1994). Extracellular arabinases in Aspergillus nidulans: the effect of different ere mutations on enzyme levels. Archives of Microbiology 162. 433-440. van der Walt. ]. P.. Nakase, T.. Suzuki, M .• Takashima. M. & Yamada. Y. (1994). Oebaryomyces polymorphus var. Africanus. a new variety of ascosporogenous yeast found in South Africa. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 40. 331-337. Varga. L Vagvolgyi. c.. Nagy. A.. Pfeiffer, I. & Ferenczy. L. (I995). Isoenzyme. restriction fragment length polymorphism. and random amplified polymorphic DNA characterization of Phaffia rhodozyma Miller et al. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 45. 173-177. Viola. A. M .. Galeotti. C. L.. Goffrini, P.• Ficarelli. A. & Ferrero. I. (1995). A

1020 Kluyveromyces lactis gene homologue to AACl complements the Saccaromyces cerevisiae opi mutation. Current Genetics 27. 229-233. Wang. H. M .. Reynold-Shager, L. & Stillman. D. j. (1994). Genetic interactions between SIN3 mutations and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional activators encoded by MCMI. STEIl. and SWI1. Molecular & General Genetics 245. 675-685. Wettach. 1.. GohL H. P.. Tschochner. H. & Thomm. M. (1995). Functional interaction of yeast and human TATA-binding proteins with an archaeal RNA polymerase and promoter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the u.s.A. 92. 472-476. Wu. M. A. & Tan. H. M. (1994). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of ribosomal protein S26. Gene ISO, 401-402. Yaglom. L Linskens. M. H. K.. Sadis. S.• Rubin. D. M .• Futcher. B. & Finley. D. (1995). p34cde28_Mediated control of Cln3 cyclin degradation. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15. 731-741. Yang. X. L.. Jiang. R. & Carlson. M. (1994). A family of proteins containing a conserved domain that mediates interaction with the yeast SNFI protein kinase complex. EMBO Journal 13. 5873-5886. Yu, G.. Li,]. H. & Young. D. (1994). The Schiwsaccharomyces pombe pkal gene. encoding a homolog of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Gene 151. 215-220. Yun. D. F. & Sherman. F. (1995). Initiation of translation can occur only in a restricted region of the CYCI mRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15. 1021-1033. Zheng. Y.. Bender. A. & Cerione. R. A. (1995). Interactions among proteins involved in bud-site selection and bud-site assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270. 626-630. Zou. S., Wright. D. A. & Voytas. D. F. (1995). The Saccharomyces Ty5 retrotransposon family is associated with origins of DNA replication at the telomeres and the silent mating locus HMR. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 92. 920-924.

PATHOGENIC & MUTUALISTIC INTERACTIONS Sacks et al. (1995) clone and sequence the gene encoding a 42 kDa glycoprotein elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma. They determine that" a region of 47 amino acids located in the C-terminal third of the protein" is sufficient to confer elicitor activity in parsley cells and( or protoplasts. They also discover that the gene coding for the elicitor is a member of a multigene family in P. megasperma with homologues in other Phytophthora species but no other filamentous fungi. Bowyer. P.• Clarke. B. R., Lunness. P.• Daniels. M. j. & Osbourn, A. E. (1995). Host range of a plant pathogenic fungus determined by a saponin detoxifying enzyme. Science 267. 371-374. Burgess. T., Laurent. P.. Dell. B.• Malajczuk. N. & Martin. F. (1995). Effect of fungal-isolate aggressivity on the biosynthesis of symbiosis-related polypeptides in differentiating eucalypt ectomycorrhizas. Planta 195. 408-417. Choi. G. H.. Chen. B. S. & Nuss. D. L. (1995). Virus-mediated or transgenic suppression of a G-protein alpha subunit and attenuation of fungal virulence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.sA. 92. 305-309. Francis. D. M .. GehIen. M. F. & St. Clair. D. A. (1994). Genetic variation in homothallic and hyphal swelling isolates of Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and P. ultimum var. sporangiferum. Molecular Plant - Microbe Interactions 7. 766-775. Joshi. L.. St. Leger. R. j. & Bidochka. M. J. (1995). Cloning of a cuticledegrading protease from the entomopathogenic fungus. Beauveria bassiana. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125. 211-217. Muromtsev. G. S" Maksimova. R. A. & Dadasheva. I. M. (1994). Viruses in a culture of the fungus Fusicoccum amygdali Del. Microbiology 63. 143-146. Nikolaev. O. N., Averyanov. A. A.. Lapikova. V. P. & Djavakhia. V. G. (1994). Possible involvement of reactive oxygen species in action of some anti-blast fungicides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 50. 219-228. Oliver. R. & Osbourn. A. (1995). Molecular dissection of fungal phytopathogenicity. Microbiology - UK 141, 1-9.

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Lilyann Novak Frazer and David Moore Sacks, W., Nurnberger, T, Hahlbrock, K. & Scheel, D. (1995). Molecular characterization of nucleotide sequences encoding the extracellular glycoprotein elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma. Molecular & General Genetics 246, 45-55. Stahl. D. L Theuerkauf, A, Heitefuss, R. & Schafer, W. (1994). Cutinase of Nectria haematococca (Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi) is not required for fungal virulence or organ specificity on pea. Molecular Plant - Microbe Interactions 7,713-725. van der Lende, T. R., Harmsen, M. C & Go, 5.]. (1995). Double-stranded RNA mycoviruses in mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125, 51-56.

PHYSIOLOGY Morphological plasticity is an inherent property of fungi and enables them to adapt and survive in their environment. In the case of the dimorphic, human pathogen Candida albicans, this plasticity was investigated with resped to pH and temperature by Saporito-Irwin et al. (1995). They charaderise PHRl, a gene which encodes a putative glycoprotein anchor and is differentially regulated by pH of the growth medium. Ali, B. R. 5., Zhou, L. Q., Graves, F. M., Freedman, R B., Black, G. W., Gilbert, H. j. & Hazlewood, G. P. (1995). Cellulases and hemicellulases of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces constitute a multiprotein cellulose-binding complex and are encoded by multigene families. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125, 15-21. Asiegbu, F. 0., Morrison, I. M., Paterson, A & Smith, j. E. (1994). Analyses of fungal fermentation of lignocellulosic substrates using continuous culture rumen simulation. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 40, 305-318. Becker, 0., Anke, T & Sterner, O. (1994). A novel halogenated compound possessing antibiotic and cytotoxic activities isolated from the fungus Resinicium pinicola U. Erikss.) Erikss. N. Hjortst. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences 49, 772-774. Boucherie, H., Bataille, N., Fitch, I. T, Perrot, M. & Tuite, M. F. (1995). Differential synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase polypeptides in stressed yeast cells. FEMS Microbiology Letters 12 5, 127-133. Boyle, S. M., Szaniszlo, P. j., Nozawa, Y., jacobson, E. S. & Cole, G. T (1994). Potential molecular targets of metabolic pathways. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 79--89. Cannon, R. D., Timberlake, W. E., Gow, N. A R, Bailey. D., Brown, A, Gooday, G. Woo Hube, B., Monod, Moo Nombela, c.. Navarro, F., Perez, Roo Sanchez, M. & Pia, J. (1994). Molecular biological and biochemical aspects of fungal dimorphism. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 53--{',4. Cervantes, c.. ]i, G. Y, Ramirez, j. L. & Silver, S. (1994). Resistance to arsenic compounds in microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 15, 355-367. Chang, A & Fink, G. R. (1995). Targeting of the yeast plasma membrane [H+JATPase: a novel gene ASTI prevents mislocalization of mutant ATPase to the vacuole. Journal of Cell Biology 128, 39--49. Chaudhuri, B., Hammerle, M. & Furst, P. (1995). The interaction between the catalytic A subunit of calcineurin and its autoinhibitory domain, in the yeast two-hybrid system, is disrupted by cyclosporin A and FK506. FEBS Letters 357, 221-226. Cooper,]. A (1994). MAP kinase pathways: straight and narrow or tortuous and intersecting? Current Biology 4, 1118--1121. Cowles, CR., Emr, S. D. & Horazdovsky, B. F. (1994). Mutations in the VPS45 gene, a SECJ homologue, result in vacuolar protein sorting defects and accumulation of membrane vesicles. Journal of Cell Science 107, 3449--3459. Da Silva, AM. M., Borba, C M. & De Oliveira, P. C (1994). Viability and morphological alterations of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains preserved under mineral oil for long periods of time. Mycoses 37, 165-169. Da Silva, S. P., Felipe, M. S. 5., Pereira, M., Azevedo, M. O. & Soares, C M. D. (1994). Phase transition and stage-specific protein synthesis in the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Experimental Mycology 18, 294-299.

Davey, j., Davis, K., Imai, Y, Yamamoto, M. & Matthews, G. (1994). Isolation and characterization of krp, a dibasic endopeptidase required for cell viability in the fission yeast Schiwsaccharomyces pombe. EMBO Journal 13, 5910-5921. De Lucas, j. Roo Valenciano, 5.. Laborda, F. & Turner, G. (1994). Glucoseinduced inactivation of isocitrate lyase in Aspergillus nidulans. Archives of Microbiology 162, 409--413. De Silva, D. M., Askwith, C c.. Eide, D. & Kaplan,]. (1995). The FED gene product required for high affinity iron transport in yeast is a cell surface ferroxidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1098--1101. Edlin, D. AN., Narbad, A, Dickinson, j. R & Lloyd, D. (1995). The biotransformation of simple phenolic compounds by Brettanomyces anomalus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125, 311-315. Eng, W. K., Faucette, L., McLaughlin, M. Moo Cafferkey, Roo Koltin, Y, Morris, R. A, Young, P. R., johnson, R. K. & Livi, G. P. (1994). The yeast FKSJ gene encodes a novel membrane protein, mutations in which confer FK506 and cyclosporin A hypersensitivity and calcineurin-dependent growth. Gene 151, 61-71. Gaikwad, j. S. & Maheshwari, R. (1994). Localization and release of 13glucosidase in the thermophilic and cellulolytic fungus, Sporotrichum thermophile. Experimental Mycology 18, 300-310. Galanina, L. A & Agapova, E. V. (1994). UV-induced alteration in the ratio of individual eicosapolyenoic acids in the lipid composition of the fungus Pythium, strain 39. Microbiology 63, 105-108. Geier, B. M., Schagger, H., Ortwein, c.. Link, T. A, Hagen, W. R., Brandt, U. & Vonjagow, G. (1995). Kinetic properties and ligand binding of the eleven-subunit cytochrome-c oxidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated with a novel large-scale purification method. European Journal of Biochemistry 227, 296-302. Glover, C V. c.. Bidwai, A P. & Reed, j. C (1994). Structure and function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae casein kinase II. Cellular & Molecular Biology Research 40, 481-488. Goldman, R. Sullivan, P. A, Zaku!a, D. & Capobianco, j. O. (1995). Kinetics of 13-1,3 glucan interaction at the donor and acceptor sites of the fungal glucosyltransferase encoded by the BGL2 gene. European Journal of Biochemistry 227, 372-378. Henriksson, G., Ander, P., Pettersson, B. & Pettersson, G. (1995). Cellobiose dehydrogenase (cellobiose oxidase) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium as a wood degrading enzyme. Studies on cellulose, xylan and synthetic lignin. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 42., 790-796. Hinfray, C, jouenne, T, Mignot, L. & junter, G. A (1995). Influence of the oxygenation level on D-xylose fermentation by free and agar-entrapped cultures of Candida shehatae. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 42, 682--{',87. Hiramoto, Koo Kaku, M., Kato, T & Kikugawa, K. (1995). DNA strand breaking by the carbon-centered radical generated from 4-(hydroxymethyl) benzenediazonium salt, a carcinogen in mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Chemico - Biological Interactions 94, 21-36. Hoggett, j. G. & Kellett, G. L. (1995). Kinetics of the cooperative binding of glucose to dimeric yeast hexokinase P-1. Biochemical Journal 305,405-410. Hunter, T. (1995). Protein kinases and phosphatases: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling. Cell 80, 225-236. Ichikawa, Y., Wang, R. & Wong, C H. (1994). Regeneration of sugar nucleotide for enzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis. In Neoglycoconjugates, Pt B, Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 247, (ed. Y C Lee & R. T. Lee), pp. 107-127. Academic Press Inc: San Diego. Imai, T. & Ohno, T (1995). Measurement of yeast intracellular pH by image processing and the change it undergoes during growth phase. Journal of Biotechnology 38, 165-172. Kalish, j. E., Chen, C I., Gould, S. j. & Watkins, P. A (1995). Peroxisomal activation of long- and very long-chain fatty acids in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 206,335-340. Kornitzer, D., Raboy, B., Kulka, R. G. & Fink, G. R. (1994). Regulated degradation of the transcription factor Gcn4. EMBO Journal 13, 6021--{',030. Krantz-Rulcker, Frandberg, E. & Schourer, j. (1995). Metal loading and enzymatic degradation of fungal cell walls and chitin. Biometals 8, 12-18. Kule, C, Ondrejickova, O. & Verner, K. (1994). Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and mitoxantrone cytotoxicity in yeast. Molecular Pharmacology 46, 1234-1240. Kuriyama, H. & Slaughter, j. C (1995). Control of cell morphology of the

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One stop mycology yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by nutrient limitation in continuous culture. Letters in Applied Microbiology 20, 37-40. Kuzela, S. & Goldberg, A. L. (1994). Mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease from rat liver and yeast. In Proteolytic Enzymes: Serine and Cysteine Peptidases, Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 244, (ed. A. j. Barrett), pp. 376-383. Academic Press Inc: San Diego. Lazarova, G., Ootaki, T., [sono, K. & Kataoka, H. (1994). Phototropism in yeast: a new phenomenon to explore blue light-induced responses. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C 'y A journal of Biosciences 49, 751-756. Limongi, P., Kjalke, M., Vind, L Tams, j. W., johansson, T & Welinder, K. G. (1995). Disulfide bonds and glycosylation in fungal peroxidases. European jOl,lrnal of Biochemistry 227, 270-276. Lively, M. 0., Newsome, A. L. & Nusier, M. (1994). Eukaryote microsomal signal peptidases. In Proteolytic Enzymes: Serine and Cysteine Peptidases, Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 244, (ed. A. j. Barrett), pp. 301-314. Academic Press Inc: San Diego. Livi, L. L., Edman, U., Schneider, G. P., Greene, P. J. & Santi, D. V. (1994). Cloning, expression and characterization of thymidylate synthase from Cryptococcus neoformans. Gene 150, 221-226. Mayer, A., Neupert, W. & LiIL R. (1995). Mitochondrial protein import: Reversible binding of the presequence at the trans side of the outer membrane drives partial translocation and unfolding. Cell 80, 127-137. Munoz, G. A., Agosin, E., Cotoras, M., San Martin, R. & Volpe, D. (1995). Comparison of aerial and submerged spore properties for Trichoderma harzianum. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125, 63-69. Murguia, J. R., Belles, J. M. & Serrano, R. (1995). A salt-sensitive 3'(2'),5'bisphosphate nucleotidase involved in sulfate activation. Science 267, 232-234. Murray, P. F. & Passeron, S. (1994). Phosphorylated peptides can limit Saccobolus platensis aminopeptidase action. Experimental Mycology 18, 320-329. Nikolaev, O. N., Averyanov, A. A., Lapikova, V. P. & Djavakhia, V. G. (1994). Possible involvement of reactive oxygen species in action of some anti-blast fungicides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology SO, 219--228. Olsson, S. & Hansson, 8. S. (1995). Action potential-like activity found in fungal mycelia is sensitive to stimulation. Naturwissenschaften 82, 30-31. Paardekooper, M., De Bruijne, A. W., Van Steveninck J. & Van den Broek, P. J. A. (1995). Intracellular damage in yeast cells caused by photodynamic treatment with toluidine blue. Photochemistry and Photobiology 61, 84-89. Peelen, S., Rietjens, I. M. C. M., Boersma, M. G. & Vervoort, J. (1995). Conversion of phenol derivatives to hydroxylated products by phenol hydroxylase from Trichosporon rutaneum. A comparison of regioselectivity and rate of conversion with calculated molecular orbital substrate characteristics. European journal of Biochemistry 227, 284-291. Poullet, P., Crechet, J. 8., Bernardi, A. & Parmeggiani, A. (1995). Properties of the catalytic domain of Sdc25p, a yeast GOP GTP exchange factor of Ras proteins complexation with wild-type Ras2p, [S24N]Ras2p and [R80D, N81D]Ras2p. European journal of Biochemistry 227, 537-544. Proudfoot, A. E. I., Payton, M. A. & Wells, T. N. C. (1994). Purification and characterization of fungal and mammalian phosphomannose isomerases. journal of Protein Chemistry 13, 619-627. Rawlings, N. D. & Barrett, A. j. (1994). Families of cysteine peptidases. In Proteolytic Enzymes: Serine and Cysteine Peptidases, Methods in Enzymology, Vol, 244, (ed. A. j. Barrett), pp. 461-486. Academic Press Inc: San Diego. Remington, S. j. & Breddam, K. (1994). Carboxypeptidases C and D. In Proteolytic Enzymes: Serine and Cysteine Peptidases, Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 244, (ed. A. j. Barrett), pp. 231-248. Academic Press Inc: San Diego. Ritco-Vonsovici, M., Mouratou, B., Minard, P., DesmadriL M., Yon, J. M., Andrieux, M., Leroy, E. & Guittet. E. (1995). Role of the C-terrninal helix in the folding and stability of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase. Biochemistry 34,833--841. Rivett, A. L Savory, P. J. & Djaballah, H. (1994). Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex: proteasome. In Proteolytic Enzymes: Serine and Cysteine Peptidases, Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 244, (ed. A. J. Barrett), pp. 331-350. Academic Press Inc: San Diego. Rodriguez, L Copa-Patmo, j. L. & Perez-Leblic, M. I. (1995). Purification and properties of a chitinase from Penicillium oxalicum autolysates. Letters in Applied Microbiology 20, 46-49. Ronne, H. (1995). Glucose repression in fungi. Trends in Genetics 11, 12-17. Ruiz-Herrera, J., Ruiz-Medrano, R. & Dominguez, A. (1995). Selective

inhibition of cytosine-DNA methylases by polyamines. FEBS Letters 357, 192-196. Saldanha, R. J., Patel. S. S.. Surendran, R., Lee, J. c. & Lambowitz, A. M. (1995). Involvement of Neurospora mitochondria! tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in RNA splicing. A new method for purifying the protein and characterization of physical and enzymatic properties pertinent to splicing. Biochemistry 34, 1275-1287. Sanblas, G., Suzuki, S.. Hearn, V., Pinel, Kobayashi, H., Mendez, Nino, G., Nishikawa, A., Sanblas, F., Shibata, N., Shinoda, T, Sorais, F. & Yamaguchi, H. (1994). Fungal polysaccharides. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 321-328. Saporito-Irwin, S. M., Birse, C. E., Sypherd, P. S. & Fonzi, W. A. (1995). PHRl, a pH-regulated gene of Candida albicans, is required for morphogenesis. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, 601-613. Schlenstedt, G., Saavedra, Loeb, j. D. L Cole, C. N. & Silver, P. A. (1995). The GTP-bound form of the yeast RanjTC4 homologue blocks nuclear protein import and appearance of poly A+ RNA in the cytoplasm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.SA. 92, 225-229. Schmidt, P. P.. Travers, F. & Barman, T (1995). Transient and equilibrium kinetic studies on yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Evidence that an intermediate containing 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate accumulates in the steady state. Biochemistry 34, 824-832. Shiro, Y, Fujii. M "~"lca, T., Adachi, S., Tsukamoto, K., Nakahara, K. & Shoun, H. (1995). ... "'scopic and kinetic studies on reaction of cytochrome P450nor with nitric oxide. Implication for its nitric oxide reduction mechanism. journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1617-1623. Shubakov, A. A., Okunev, O. N., Golubev, V. I. & Mikhaleva, N. I. (1994). Occurrence of xylanase activity among basidiomycetous yeasts. Microbiology 63, 113-115. Su, Brodowsky, I. D. & Oliw, E. H. (1995). Studies on linoleic acid 8Rdioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase of the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis. Lipids 30, 43-50. Thevelein, J. M. & Hohmann, S. (1995). Trehalose synthase: guard to the gate of glycolysis in yeast? Trends in Biochemical Sciences 20, 3-10. Titorenko, V. I., Keizer, I., Harder, W. & Veenhuis, M. (1995). Isolation and characterization of mutants impaired in the selective degradation of peroxisomes in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. journal of Bacteriology 177, 357-363. van der Veen, P.. Arst, H. N .. Flipphi, M. J. A. & Visser, J. (1994). Extracellular arabinases in Aspergillus nidulans: the effect of different cre mutations on enzyme levels. Archives of Microbiology 162, 433-440. Wada, Y & Anraku, Y. (1994). Chemiosmotic coupling of ion transport in the yeast vacuole: its role in acidification inside organelles. journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 26, 631-637. Widyastuti, Y., Newbold, C. L Stewart, C. S. & Orskov, E. R. (1995). Interactions between rumen anaerobic fungi and ciliate protozoa in the degradation of rice straw cell walls. Letters in Applied Microbiology 20,

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61--64.

Zelada, A. M., Samela, A., Passeron, S. & Cantore, M. L. (1994). Occurrence of GTP-binding proteins in the ascomycete Saccobolus platensis. Experimental Mycology 18, 330-337.

SYSTEMA TICS & STRUCTURE The structure of the cell walls of Saccharomyces cereVISlae, Candida aibicans and C. parapsiiosis are examined in three papers which use a range of techniques, from spectroscopic to immunological. Kollar et ai. (1995) examine the linkage between chitin and 13(1- > 3)-glucan in S. cerevisiae by enzymatic digestion and NMR spectroscopy while Shibata et ai. (1995), using similiar techniques as well as agglutination inhibition assays, analyse the different branched side chains of Candida mannan. Lu et al. (1995) use kre mutants and immunoprecipitation to demonstrate that "a-agglutinin is covalently associated with j31,6-glucan" in the cell wall of S. cerevisiae and that this linkage is "dependent on prior addition of a cpr anchor to a-agglutinin N.

Lilyann Novak Frazer and David Moore Andrieux, M., Leroy, E., Guittet, E., Ritco-Vonsovici, M., Mouratou, B., Minard, P., Desmadril, M. & Yon, J. M. (1995). Transferred nuclear Overhauser effect study of the C-terminal helix of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase: NMR solution structure of the C-terminal bound peptide. Biochemistry 34, 842-846. Calmettes, P., Durand, D., Desmadril, M., Minard, P., Receveur, V. & Smith, j. C (1994). How random is a highly denatured protein? Biophysical Chemistry 53, 105-113. de Hoog, G. S., Sigler, L., Untereiner, W. A., Kwon-Chung, K. j., Gueho, E. & Uijthof, j. M. j. (1994). Changing taxonomic concepts and their impact on nomenclatural stability. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 113-122. Garcia, P., Desmadril, M., Minard, P. & Yon, j. M. (1995). Evidence for residual structures in an unfolded form of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase. Biochemistry 34, 397-404. Goldsmith, E. j. & Cobb, M. H. (1994). Protein kinases. Current Opinion in Strucfural Biology 4, 833-840. Henderson, S. j., Serpersu, E. H., Gerhardt, B. S. & Bunick, G. j. (1994). Conformational changes in yeast phosphoglycerate kinase upon substrate binding. Biophysical Chemistry 53, 95-104. Imai, T. & Ohno, T. (1995). Measurement of yeast intracellular pH by image processing and the change it undergoes during growth phase. journal of Biotechnology 38, 165-172. Kollar, R., Petrakova, E., Ashwell, G., Robbins, P. W. & Cabib, E. (1995). Architecture of the yeast cell wall. The linkage between chitin and ~(1­ > 3)-glucan. journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1170-1178. Lu, C F.. Montijn, R. c., Brown, j. L., Klis, F., Kurjan, )., Bussey, H. & Lipke, P. N. (1995). Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-dependent cross-linking of 0agglutinin and ~-1,6-glucan in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. journal of Cell Biology 128, 333-340. Muller, T., Gilson, E., Schmidt, R., Giraldo, R., Sago, J., Gross, H. & Gasser, S. M. (1994). Imaging the asymmetrical DNA bend induced by repressor activator protein 1 with scanning tunneling microscopy. journal of Structural Biology 113, 1-12. Munoz, G. A., Agosin, E., Cotoras, M., San Martin, R. & Volpe, D. (1995). Comparison of aerial and submerged spore properties for Trichoderma harzianum. FEMS Microbiology Letters 125, 63-69. Ram, A. F. j., Brekelmans, S. S. c., Oehlen, L. j. W. M. & Klis, F. M. (1995). Identification of two cell cycle regulated genes affecting the ~-1,3-glucan content of cell walls in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Letters 358,165-170. Shibata, N., lkuta, K., Imai, T., Satoh, Y, Satoh, R., Suzuki, A., Kojima, c., Kobayashi, H., Hisamichi, K. & Suzuki, S. (1995). Existence of branched side chains in the cell wall mannan of pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. Structure-antigenicity relationship between the cell wall mannans of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1113-1122. Sundaramoorthy, M., Kishi, K., Gold, M. H. & Poulos, T. L. (1994). The crystal structure of manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium at 2.06 Angstrom resolution. journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 32759-32767. Tanabe, S. & Kamada, T. (1994). The role of astral microtubules in conjugate division in the dikaryon of Coprinus cinereus. Experimental Mycology 18, 338-348. Varga, J., Vagvolgyi, C, Nagy, A., Pfeiffer, I. & Ferenczy, L. (1995). Isoenzyme, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified polymorphic DNA characterization of Phaffia rhodozyma Miller et al. International journal of Systematic Bacteriology 45,173-177. Wosten, H. A. B., Schuren, F. H. j. & Wessels, j. G. H. (1994). Interfacial selfassembly of a hydrophobin into an amphipathic protein membrane mediates fungal attachment to hydrophobic surfaces. EMBO journal 13, 5848-5854.

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY Dixon (1995) outlines the development of fungal mycelia of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Mucor mucedo and Rhizopus spp. into dressings which promote wound healing by "promoting the growth of fibroblasts in the wound cavity". Further information (plus a pretty picture of Armilariella) is in the

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March 25, 1995 issue of the New Scientist ("Mouldy dressings help wounds to heal", p. 21). Abusalah, K. M. (1995). A sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the quantitation of amphotericin B in plasma and whole blood. Analytical Letters 28,27-43. Bailey, A., Wadsworth, E. & Calderone, R. (1995). Adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells. Host-induced protein synthesis and signaling events. Infection and Immunity 63, 569-572. Bakker-Woudenberg, I. A. j. M., Storm, G. & Woodle, M. C (1994). Liposomes in the treatment of infections. journal of Drug Targeting 2, 363-371. Calderone, R., Diamond, R., Senet, j. M., Warmington, j., Filler, S. & Edwards, j. E. (1994). Host cell-fungal cell interactions. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 151-168. Castiella, A. & Arenas, j. I. (1994). Utility of silymarin in the cyclopeptide syndrome. journal of Hepatology 21, 1148. Da Silva, A. M. M., Borba, eM. & De Oliveira, P. C (1994). Viability and morphological alterations of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains preserved under mineral oil for long periods of time. Mycoses 37, 165-169. Da Silva, S. P., Felipe, M. S. S., Pereira, M., Azevedo, M. O. & Soares, C M. D. (1994). Phase transition and stage-specific protein synthesis in the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Experimental Mycology 18, 294-299. Debusk, C H., Daoud, R., Thirumoorthi, M. c., Wilson, F. M. & Khatib, R. (1994). Candidemia. Current epidemiologic characteristics and a long-term follow-up of the survivors. Scandinavian journal of Infectious Diseases 26, 697-703. de Hoog, G. S., Marvin-Sikkema, F. D., Lahpoor, G. A., Gottschall, J. C, Prins, R. A. & Gueho, E. (1994). Ecology and physiology of the emerging opportunistic fungi Pseudallescheria boydii and Scedosporium prolijicans (vol 37, pg 71, 1994). Mycoses 37, 223-224. de Repentigny, L., Kaufman, L., Cole, G. T., Kruse, D., Latge, j. P. & Matthews, R. C (1994). Immunodiagnosis of invasive fungal infections. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 239-252. Dixon, B. (1995). Using fungal dressings to heal wounds. Bio-Technology 13, 120-121. Dupont, B., Denning, D. W., Marriott, D., Sugar, A., Viviani, M. A. & Sirisanthana, T. (1994). Mycoses in AIDS patients. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 65-77. Fisher, j. F., Newman, C L. & Sobel, j. D. (1995). Yeast in the urine: solutions for a budding problem. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20, 183-189. Fishman, j. A., Mattia, A. R., Lee, M. j., Mark, E. j. & Davis, B. T. (1995). A 29-year-old man with AIDS and multiple splenic abscesses. Disseminated Pneumocystis carinii infection and Mycobacterium avium complex infection involving the spleen and liver. New England journal of Medicine 332, 249-257. Fukazawa, Y, Cassone, A., Bistoni, F., Howard, D. H., Kagaya, K., Murphy, j. W., Cenci, E., Lane, T. E., Mencacci, A., Puccetti, P., Romani, L., Spaccapelo, R., Tonnetti, L. & Wuhsieh, B. A. (1994). Mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity in fungal infection. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 123-131. Goff, D. A., Koletar, S. L., Buesching, W. J., Bamishan, J. & Fass, R. J. (1995). Isolation of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans from human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients never treated with azoles. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20. 77-83. Gueho, E., Faergemann, J., Lyman, C & Anaissie, E. j. (1994). Malassezia and Trichosporon: two emerging pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast-like fungi. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 367-378. Haria, M. & Bryson, H. N. (1995). Amorolfine: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in the treatment of onychomycosis and other superficial fungal infections. Drugs 49, 103-120. Hsiao, G. H., Chang, C C, Chen, j. C, Kuo, W. L. & Huang, S. F. (1994). Trichosporon beigelii fungemia with cutaneous dissemination. A case report and literature review. Acta Dermato - Venereologica 74, 481-482. Kahn, A. (1994). Yeast without telomerase. M S - Medecine Sciences 10, 1334. Klingspor, L., Eberhard, T. H., Stintzing, G. & Tollemar, j. (1994). Antibody response to Candida and its use in clinical practice. Mycoses 37, 199-204. Marques, A. R., Kwon-Chung, K. j., Holland, S. M., Turner, M. L. & Gallin, j. I. (1995). Suppurative cutaneous granulomata caused by Microascus cinereus

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in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20, 110-114.

Matsumoto, T., Ajello, L., Matsuda, T, Szaniszlo, P. J. &< Walsh, T. J. (1994). Developments in hyalohyphomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 329-349.

Mishra, S. K., Segal, E., Gunter, E., Kurup, V. P., Mishra, ).. Murali, P. S., Pierson, D. L., Sandovskylosica, H. &< Stevens, D. A (1994). Stress, immunity and mycotic diseases. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 379-406.

Mitchell, T. G., Sandin, R. L., Bowman, B. H., Meyer, W. &< Merz, W. G. (1994). Molecular mycology: DNA probes and applications of PCR technology. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 351-366. Odds, F. C (1994). Presidential addresss. Candida albicans, the life and times of a pathogenic yeast. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 1-8. Pai, S. T. &< Platt, M. W. (1995). Antifungal effects of Allium sativum (garlic) extract against the Aspergillus species involved in otomycosis. Leflers in Applied Microbiology 20, 14-18.

Polonelli, L., Poulain, D., Cole, G. T., Conti, S., Elad, D., GerIoni, M., Kirkland, T, Matthews, R., Segal. E. 8< Wyckoff, E. (1994). New strategies in vaccination against fungal infections. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 105-112.

Raben, N., Exelbert, R., Spiegel, R., Sherman, /. B., Nakajima, H, Plotz, P. &< Heinisch, J. (1995). Functional expression of human mutant phosphofructokinase in yeast: genetic defects in French Canadian and Swiss patients with phosphofructokinase deficiency. American journal of Human Genetics 56, 131-141.

Radner, A B., Witt, M. D. &< Edwards, j. E. (1995). Acute invasive rhinocerebral zygomycosis in an otherwise healthy patient. Case report and review. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20, 163-166.

Randhawa, H. S., Budimulja, V., Bazazmalik, G., Bramono, K., Hiruma, M., Kullavanijaya, P. 8< Rojanavanich, V. (1994). Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of subcutaneous mycoses. journal of Medical and

Taylor, G. D., Buchanan-ChelL M., Kirkland, T., McKenzie, M. &< Wiens, R. (1994). Trends and sources of nosocomial fungaemia. Mycoses 37,187-190. Tollemar, J., Hockerstedt, K., Ericzon, B. G., jalanko, H. 8< Ringden, O. (1995). liposomal amphotericin B prevents invasive fungal. infections in liver transplant recipients. A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Transplantation 59, 45-50.

Tsuboi, R., Ogawa, H, Bramono, K., Richardson, M. D., Shankland, G.S., Crozier, W. J., Sei, Y, Ninomiya, J., Nakabayashi, A, Takaiuchi, I., Payne, C D. &< Ray, T L. (1994). Pathogenesis of superficial mycoses. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycolngy 32, 91-104.

Tsuchida, K., Aoyagi, Y., Odani, S., Mita, T &< Isemura, M. (1995). Isolation of a novel collagen-binding protein from the mushroom, Hypsizigus marmoreus, which inhibits the lewis lung carcinoma cell adhesion to type IV collagen. journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1481-1484. Umazume, M., Veta, E. &< Osaki, T (1995). Reduced inhibition of Candida albicans adhesion by saliva from patients receiving oral cancer therapy. journal of Clinical Microbiology 33, 432-439.

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Valesco, M., Harris, J. L., Barcelona, L., Bulmer, G. S., Gugnani, H. McAleer, R. &< Negroni, R. (1994). Practical mycology for low budget laboratories. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 211-215. van Cutsem, j., Kurata, H., Matsuoka, H., Mikami, Y., Praller, M. A, Scalarone, G. M. 8< Rinaldi, M. G. (1994). Antifungal drug susceptibility testing. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 267-276.

Wages, D. S., Helfend, L. 8< Finkle, H. (1995). Coccidioides immitis presenting as a hyphal form in a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Archives of Pathology &< Laboratory Medicine 119, 91-93.

Walsh. T L De Pauw, B.. Anaissie, E. 8< Martino. P. (1994). Recent advances in the epidemiology, prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 33-51.

Wingard, j. R. (1995). Importance of Candida species other than C. albicans as pathogens in oncology patients. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20. 115-125.

Veterinary Mycology 32, 299-307.

Salkin, I. F., McGinnis, M. R.. Cooper, CR., Rippon. /. W. &< Beneke, E. S. (1994). Current priorities for the clinical mycology laboratory. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 309-319.

Sherlock, G .. Bahman. AM., Mahal. A, Shieh, j. C, Ferreira, M. 8< Rosamond, j. (1994). Molecular cloning and analysis of CDC28 and cyclin homologues from the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Molecular &< General Genetics 245, 716-723.

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Shibata, N., lkuta, K., Imai, T., Satoh, Y., Satoh, R., Suzuki, A, Kojima, Kobayashi, H., Hisamichi, K. &< Suzuki, S. (1995). Existence of branched side chains in the cell wall mannan of pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. Structure-antigenicity relationship between the cell wall mannans of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1113-1122.

Tanaka, M., Hirai, H, loverde, P. T., Nagafuchi, S., Franco, G. R., Simpson, A J. G. &< Pena, S. D. j. (1995). Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)-based genome mapping of Schistosoma mansoni. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 69, 41-51.

VETERINARY MYCOLOGY Abuodeh, R. O. 8< Sealamne, G. M. (1994). Comparative studies on the detection of delayed dermal hypersensitivity in experimental animals with lysate and filtrate antigens of Blastomyces dermatitidis. Mycoses 37,149-153. Machera, K. (1995). Developmental toxicity of cyproconazole, an inhibitor of fungal ergosterol biosynthesis, in the rat. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 54, 363-369.

Orr, M. l., Bono, j. L.. Abuodeh, R. 0., Williams, S. L legendre. A M. 8< Sealarone, G. M. (1994). Comparative stability, sensitivity and specificity studies with different lots of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast and mycelial lysate antigens. Mycoses 37, 155-160. Richard, J. L.. Debey. M. C. Chermette, R., Pier, A c.. Hasegawa, A, Lund, A, Bratberg, AM.. Padhye, A A 8< Connole, M. D. (1994). Advances in veterinary mycology. journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32, 169-187.