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Yue Yin. College of Information Science and. Technology. Beijing Normal University. Beijing, China 100875 [email protected]. Ke Yuan. Institute of ...
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Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Zhong Xiao. Branch, Taipei ... Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China ...... 2007 at Chang Gung Memorial ... Thereafter, he completed a research fellowship in the United States.
J Sign Process Syst DOI 10.1007/s11265-013-0863-y
Optimization-Based Embedding for Wavelet-Domain Audio Watermarking Huang-Nan Huang & Shuo-Tsung Chen & Muh-Shi Lin & Woon-Man Kung & Chih-Yu Hsu
Received: 8 January 2012 / Revised: 24 June 2013 / Accepted: 6 November 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract This work proposes a new blind digital audio watermarking system by using optimization-based modification on low-frequency amplitude of discrete wavelet transform (DWT). To modify the low-frequency amplitude under the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the proposed embedding system minimizes the difference between the original and the embedded coefficients. Accordingly, an optimization-based embedding formula connecting the SNR and the embedding system is derived. The formula is then applied to embed the synchronization codes and the watermarks. Based on this formula, the number of DWT coefficients for embedding a binary bit can be increased to enhance the robustness without decreasing the audio quality. Consequently, the embedded audio has good quality and good robustness under high capacity. In addition, the system can extract the hidden data without the knowledge of original audio signal. Finally, the performance of the proposed watermarking method is tested. Experimental results H.
