Optimization of Tangential Force, Feed Force and ... - Science Direct

0 downloads 0 Views 233KB Size Report
The objective of this paper is to obtain optimal turning process parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) resulting in an optimal value of feed force, ...
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1685 – 1691

,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ0DQXIDFWXULQJDQG0DWHULDOV(QJLQHHULQJ $00(

2SWLPL]DWLRQRI 7DQJHQWLDOIRUFH)HHG IRUFHDQGVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV XVLQJ7DJXFKL WHFKQLTXHLQWXUQLQJ RSHUDWLRQ 0DQMXQDWKD5D DQG8PHVK&.E D

'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKQDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ3(6,76RXWK&DPSXV%DQJDORUH  ,QGLD E 'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ89&(.5&LUFOH%DQJDORUH  ,QGLD

$EVWUDFW 7KHREMHFWLYH RIWKLVSDSHULVWRREWDLQRSWLPDOWXUQLQJSURFHVVSDUDPHWHUV FXWWLQJVSHHGIHHGUDWHDQGGHSWKRIFXW UHVXOWLQJLQ DQ RSWLPDO YDOXH RI IHHG IRUFH WDQJHQWLDO IRUFH DQG VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV IRU PDFKLQLQJ (1 VWHHO ZLWK DQ FRDWHG FDUELGH WRRO LQVHUW7KH HIIHFWVRIWKHSURFHVVSDUDPHWHUVRQWKHYDULRXVUHVSRQVHVKDYHEHHQDUULYHGDWXVLQJ7DJXFKL¶VGHVLJQRIH[SHULPHQWV DSSURDFK 7KH UHVXOWV LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH VHOHFWHG SURFHVV SDUDPHWHUV VLJQLILFDQWO\ DIIHFW WKH PHDQ DQG YDULDQFH RI IHHG IRUFH WDQJHQWLDO IRUFH DQG VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV 7KH FRQWULEXWLRQV RI SDUDPHWHUV IURP WKH $129$ WDEOH IRU PHDVXUHG IHHG IRUFH WKH GHSWKRIFXW  KDVDPDMRUFRQWULEXWLRQWKDQWKDWRIIHHGUDWH  DQGFXWWLQJVSHHG  6LPLODUO\IRUDPHDVXUHG WDQJHQWLDOIRUFH )\ WKHGHSWKRIFXW  KDVDPDMRUFRQWULEXWLRQWKDQWKDWRIIHHGUDWH  DQGFXWWLQJVSHHG  ,Q FDVHRIPHDVXUHGVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV 5D WKHIHHGUDWH  KDVDPDMRUFRQWULEXWLRQWKHFXWWLQJVSHHG  DQGGHSWKRI FXW   7KH SUHGLFWHG RSWLPXP IHHG IRUFH WDQJHQWLDO IRUFH DQG WKH VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV DUH  1  1 DQG  —P UHVSHFWLYHO\DUHYHU\PXFKQHDUWKHH[SHULPHQWDOO\REWDLQHGYDOXHV © Ltd. This is an open access article ‹ 2014 Elsevier 7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU /WGunder the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). 6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI 2UJDQL]LQJ&RPPLWWHHRI$00( Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014 .H\ZRUGVIHHGIRUFHWDQJHQWLDOIRUFHVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV$129$

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

2211-8128 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014 doi:10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.357

1686

R. Manjunatha and C.K. Umesh / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1685 – 1691

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¶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

1687

R. Manjunatha and C.K. Umesh / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1685 – 1691

SDUDPHWHUVJLYHQLQWDEOH)RUHDFKWULDOWKHUHDGLQJVZHUHPHDVXUHGIRUIHHGIRUFH )[ WDQJHQWLDOIRUFH )\ XVLQJ ODWKHWRROG\QDPRPHWHUDQGWKHVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV 5D LVPHDVXUHGXVLQJ7DO\VXUI)RUHDFKWULDOWKHQHZLQVHUWLV XVHG LQ RUGHU WR KDYH WKH XQLIRUPLW\ RI FXWWLQJ FRQGLWLRQV 7KH UHVXOWV RI WKH H[SHULPHQWV IRU WZHQW\ VHYHQ WULDOV ZHUHUHSRUWHGLQ7DEOH7KH$129$WDEOHDUHVKRZQLQWDEOHWRWDEOH7KH6LJQDO ± WR ± 1RLVHUDWLRIRU/% FKDUDFWHULVWLFVDUHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ

61/%

ORJ σ





$FRQILGHQFHLQWHUYDOIRUWKHSUHGLFWHGPHDQRQDFRQILUPDWLRQUXQFDQEHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQ

&,

D ͳǡ ˆ



Ϊ



ZKHUH)D IH  ) ± UDWLRUHTXLUHGIRU D D LVWKHULVNIDFWRUIH HUURU'2) 9H HUURUYDULDQFH5 1XPEHURIUHSHWLWLRQV1 1XPEHURIWULDOV 1HII HIIHFWLYHQXPEHURIUHSOLFDWLRQVDQGLVHTXDOWR ȏ











  

Ȑ

7DEOH3URFHVVSDUDPHWHUV 3URFHVVSDUDPHWHUV &XWWLQJVSHHG PPLQ  $ )HHGUDWH PPUHY  % 'HSWKRIFXW PP  &

/HYHO     

/HYHO     

7DEOH([SHULPHQWDOGDWDIRUWULDOV 1R                           

);                           

)<                           

5D                           

/HYHO     

1688

R. Manjunatha and C.K. Umesh / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1685 – 1691

7DEOH$129$UHVXOWVIRUIHHGIRUFH );  )DFWRU $ % & $[% %[& $[& (UURU 7RWDO

'2)        

66        

066       

)FDO      

)WDE       

FRQWU        

)WDE       

FRQWU        

7DEOH7KH$129$5HVXOWVRI6LJQDO ± WR ± 1RLVH 61 UDWLRIRUIHHGIRUFH );  )DFWRU $ % & $[% %[& $[& (UURU 7RWDO

'2)        

66        

066       

)FDO      

7DEOH$129$UHVXOWVIRUWDQJHQWLDOIRUFH )<  )DFWRU $ % & $[% %[& $[& (UURU 7RWDO

'2)        

66        

066       

)FDO      

)WDE       

FRQWU        

7DEOH 7KH$129$5HVXOWVRI6LJQDO ± WR ± 1RLVH 61 UDWLRIRUWDQJHQWLDOIRUFH )<  )DFWRU $ % & $[% %[& $[& (UURU 7RWDO

'2)        

66        

066       

)FDO      

)WDE       

FRQWU        

7DEOH$129$UHVXOWVIRUVXUIDFH URXJKQHVV 5D  )DFWRU $ % & $[% %[& $[& (UURU 7RWDO

'2)        

66        

066       

)FDO      

)WDE       

FRQWU        

1689

R. Manjunatha and C.K. Umesh / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1685 – 1691 7DEOH7KH$129$UHVXOWVRI6LJQDO ± WR ± 1RLVH 61 UDWLRIRUVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV 5D  )DFWRU $ % & $[% %[& $[& (UURU 7RWDO

'2)        

66        

066       

)FDO      

)WDE       

 FRQWU        

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—))  LV SUHGLFWHG DW WKH VHOHFWHG RSWLPDO VHWWLQJ RI SURFHVV SDUDPHWHUV 7KH VLJQLILFDQW SDUDPHWHUVZLWKRSWLPDOOHYHOVDUHVHOHFWHGIURPWKH7DEOHDV$ % DQG&7KHLQWHUDFWLRQHIIHFWLVQRWEHLQJ FRQVLGHUHG LQ HVWLPDWLQJ PHDQ DQG FRQILGHQFH LQWHUYDO DURXQG HVWLPDWHG PHDQ GXH WR SRRU DGGLWLYLW\ EHWZHHQ SDUDPHWHUVDQGLQWHUDFWLRQ 7DEOH 0HDQYDOXHVRIIHHGIRUFH ); IRUYDULRXVFXWWLQJVSHHGIHHGUDWHDQGGHSWKRIFXW &XWWLQJVSHHG PPLQ $ $ $

); 1   

)HHGUDWH PPUHY % % %

); 1   

'HSWKRIFXW PP & & &

); 1   

7KHHVWLPDWHGPHDQRIWKHUHVSRQVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVFDQEHFRPSXWHGDV

ȝ )) $  %  &  7 )) —))     VLPLODUO\DFRQILGHQFHLQWHUYDOIRUWKHSUHGLFWHGPHDQRQDFRQILUPDWLRQUXQFDQEHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJWKHHTXDWLRQ D  FRQILGHQFHOHYHO )    7DEXODWHG 5 1XPEHURI5HSHWLWLRQ 1 9H IURPWDEOH QHII

  

&, 

1690

R. Manjunatha and C.K. Umesh / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1685 – 1691

—))  &, —)) —)) &, —)) 7KHRSWLPDOWDQJHQWLDO IRUFH —7) LVSUHGLFWHGDWWKHVHOHFWHGRSWLPDOVHWWLQJRISURFHVVSDUDPHWHUV7KHVLJQLILFDQW SDUDPHWHUVZLWKRSWLPDOOHYHOVDUHVHOHFWHGIURPWKHWDEOHDV$% DQG& 7DEOH 0HDQYDOXHVRIWDQJHQWLDOIRUFH )< IRUYDULRXVFXWWLQJVSHHGIHHGUDWHDQGGHSWKRIFXW &XWWLQJVSHHG PPLQ

)< 1

)HHGUDWH PPUHY

)< 1

'HSWKRIFXW PP

)< 1

$ $ $

  

% % %

  

& & &

  

7KHRSWLPDOVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV 5D LVSUHGLFWHGDWWKHVHOHFWHG RSWLPDOVHWWLQJRISURFHVVSDUDPHWHUV7KHVLJQLILFDQW SDUDPHWHUVZLWKRSWLPDOOHYHOVDUHVHOHFWHGIURPWKHWDEOHDV$% DQG& 7DEOH 0HDQYDOXHVRIVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV 5D IRUYDULRXVFXWWLQJVSHHGIHHGUDWHDQGGHSWKRIFXW &XWWLQJVSHHG PPLQ $ $ $

5D —P   

)HHGUDWH PPUHY % % %

5D —P   

'HSWKRIFXW PP & & &

5D —P   

7DEOH'HWDLOVRIRSWLPDOSURFHVVSDUDPHWHUVDQGWKHUDQJHIRUYDULRXVUHVSRQVHV 1R   

5HVSRQVH )HHGIRUFH 7DQJHQWLDOIRUFH 6XUIDFHURXJKQHVV

2SWLPDOSURFHVV SDUDPHWHUV $%& $%& $%&

2SWLPDOUDQJH WR 1  WR WR—P

&RQILUPDWLRQE\H[SW 1 1 Ϯ͘ϭϯ ŵ

 &RQFOXVLRQ x

x

x

x

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—P%\XVLQJWKH7DJXFKLWHFKQLTXHIRUVHWWLQJWKHRSWLPDOSURFHVVSDUDPHWHUVIRUVXUIDFHURXJKQHVV 5D  DUH FXWWLQJ VSHHG  PPLQ  IHHG UDWH  PPUHY  DQG GHSWK RI FXW  PP  DQG WKHVH DUH WDEXODWHGLQWDEOH

R. Manjunatha and C.K. Umesh / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1685 – 1691

1691

5HIHUHQFHV 'DYLP -3   ³$ QRWH RQ WKH GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI RSWLPDO FXWWLQJ FRQGLWLRQV IRU VXUIDFH ILQLVK REWDLQHG LQ WXUQLQJ XVLQJ GHVLJQ RI H[SHULPHQW´ -RXUQDORI0DWHULDOV3URFHVVLQJ7HFKQRORJ\9ROXPH SS  )DUKDG.RODKDQ 0RKVHQ 0DQRRFKHKUL $EEDV +RVVHLQL  6LPXOWDQHRXV RSWLPL]DWLRQ RI PDFKLQLQJ SDUDPHWHUV DQG 7RRO *HRPHWU\ VSHFLILFDWLRQVLQWXUQLQJRSHUDWLRQRI$,6,6WHHO:RUOG$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFH(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\ +DUL6LQJKDQG3UDGHHS.XPDU   ³2SWLPL]LQJFXWWLQJIRUFHIRUWXUQHGSDUWVE\7DJKXFKL V SDUDPHWHUGHVLJQDSSURDFK´ ,QGLDQ-RXUQDORI (QJLQHHULQJDQG0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHVYROSS 0DQMXQDWKD5DQG8PHVK&.$SSOLFDWLRQRI7DJXFKL7HFKQLTXHIRUWKHRSWLPL]DWLRQRIIURHVDQGVXUIDFHILQLVKGXULQJWKHPDFKLQLQJRI VWHHO(1 XVLQJDQXQFRDWHGFDUELGHWRROLQVHUW-RXUQDORI0DQXIDFWXULQJ(QJLQHHULQJYROLVVXHSS 6DKRR3%DUPDQ7.DQG5RXWDUD%&  ³7DJXFKLEDVHGSUDFWLFDOGLPHQVLRQPRGHOLQJDQGRSWLPL]DWLRQLQ&1&WXUQLQJ´$GYDQFHLQ 3URGXFWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJDQG0DQDJHPHQW9ROXPH1XPEHUSS 6LQJK+DQG.XPDU32SWLPL]LQJIHHGIRUFHIRUWXUQHGSDUWVWKURXJKWKH7DJXFKL7HFKQLTXH6DGKDQD9RO1RSS  7KDPL]KPDQLL66DSDUXGLQ6DQG+DVDQ 6  ³$QDO\VLVRI6XUIDFH URXJKQHVVE\8VLQJ7DJXFKL0HWKRG´$FKLHYHPHQWVLQ0DWHULDOV DQG0DQXIDFWXULQJ(QJLQHHULQJ9ROXPH,VVXHSS :DQJ0