- THE SMOOTH & THE SCALY - Tunic Morphology of two Distant Urochordates, Ciona intestinalis (Ord. Phlebobranchia) & Halocynthia roretzi (Ord. Stolidobranchia) Dorian Schoenaers 1, Jérôme Delroisse 1, Dong Soo Hwang2, Matthew Harrington3, Patrick Flammang
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1. Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium 2. Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea 3. Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam 14424, Germany
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Two ascidian model species belonging to the two main ascidian orders 1. Model species with dis8nct tunic morphologies…
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5. Presence of polysaccharides and sulfated proteoglycans
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2. Different metals present in the tunic according to the species (Vanadium Vs Aluminium) 3. Similar cell morphotypes
4. Dis,nct ways to synthe,ze the cu,cle
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Ciona intes8nalis
6. Catechol & redox acFve groups poten,ally involved in tunic sclerifica,on or produc,on of adhesive secre,ons for aIachment to the substrate.
Halocynthia roretzi
² Tunicates (Subphylum Urochordata) are marine deuterostome invertebrates known for their unique protec,ve outer layer, the socalled “tunic”.
² This study is part of the EU KONNECT Bio-Cap project.
² The integument is composed of an epidermis covered by this tunic made up of highly crystalline cellulose nanofibers (i.e. Tunicin), as well as proteins and molecules containing catechol groups such as DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or TOPA (3,4,5trihydroxyphenylalanie). APPENDICULARIA
² The tunic, which also has healing proper,es, is secondarily colonized by mul,ple specific cell types.
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STOLIDOBRANCHIA *
² This study focuses on two ascidian* species with dis,nct integument morphologies: ² Ciona intes8nalis (Ord. Phlebobranchia) ² Halocynthia roretzi (Ord. Stolidobranchia)
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Strengthening STI Coopera0on between the EU and Korea, Promo0ng Innova0on and the Enhancement of Communica0on for Technology-related Policy Dialogue
THALIACEA APLOUSOBRANCHIA *
² The tunic morphology and composi,on were inves,gated in the two model species.
UROCHORDATA PHYLOGENY (Tsagkogeorga et al. 2009)
MACRO TO MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY
Ciona intes8nalis
RESULTS
PHLEBOBRANCHIA *
FUNDING
BACKGROUND
Halocynthia roretzi
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² While the tunic of C. intes8nalis appears translucent and smooth (Fig.1-3), the one of H. rorez8 is opaque (Fig.7-8), thicker and covered by scale-like structures (Fig. 10-12). In the laIer species, the basal part of the individuals is characterized by a root-like system also covered by scales which, however, tend to disappear at the root extremi,es (Fig.9,12) (Sa: atrial siphon, So: oral siphon, P: spine, Ph: pharynx, Sr : root structure).
MICRO TO NANOSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY ² TEM observa,ons highlighted differences in the cellulose fibre arrangement in the two species (data not shown). ² Various cell types, e.g. granulocytes, phagocytes and morula cells, were iden,fied in both inves,gated species.
Morula-like cell
Phagocyte
Type II granulocyte
Type I granulocyte
Large granule cell
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Phagocyte
Clear granule granulocyte
Dense granule granulocyte
² EDX analyses confirmed the presence of sulphur in tunic areas comprising sulphated proteoglycans. They also revealed the presence of vanadium in the tunic of C. intes8nalis and aluminum in the scales of H. roretzi.
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² The histochemical approach showed the presence of polysaccharides and sulfated proteoglycans in the tunic of both species, except in the scales of H. roretzi. In H. roretzi, cells containing catechol and redox acFve groups were highlighted in the tunic of the roots (data not shown).
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Corresponding authors:
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