Order Diptera, family Syrphidae

Arthropod fauna of the UAE, 6: 572–612 (2017)

Order Diptera, family Syrphidae The hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula John T. Smit, Antonius van Harten & Robert Ketelaar INTRODUCTION Hoverflies are often big and attractively coloured flies and many species mimic bees and wasps. Adults are commonly found on flowers and are important pollinators. The larvae of some 40% of the species are zoophagous, mostly feeding on aphids, which makes them especially valuable for agro-ecosystems (Ssymank et al., 2008). Therefore, hoverflies play a vital role in ecosystem-services, for which knowledge of the indigenous fauna is essential. The hoverfly-fauna of the Arabian Peninsula was poorly known. A few scattered records of a handful of species can be found in the literature. In this paper a preliminary checklist of the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula is presented, based on literature and recent collecting, mainly by A. van Harten and colleagues in both Yemen and the United Arab Emirates, and by R. Ketelaar on the island of Socotra, as well as published records. Keys are also presented for all genera with multiple species recorded. Three new species of Eumerus are described: E. charmatus sp. nov. and E. lacertosus sp. nov. from Yemen, and E. incilis sp. nov. from the United Arab Emirates. Eumerus efflatouni Curran, 1938, is tentatively placed as a synonym of E. vestitus Bezzi, 1912. MATERIALS AND METHODS The material has been collected between 1991 and 2011, with the aid of several traps (e.g. water traps, light traps and Malaise-traps), as well as hand-netting. The majority of the specimens are deposited in the collection of the first author, except for the holotypes and some additional paratypes, which are deposited in RMNH. A few additional specimens held in BMNH and collected by K. Guichard in 1967 on both the islands Socotra and Abd-el-Kuri are included as well. Specimens or photos thereof held in the following collections have been studied: AMNH BMNH MCSNG MNHNP MRAC NMP NRS RMNH SIZK UZMC ZMHU

American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA The Natural History Museum, London, UK Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, “Giacomo Doria”, Genova, Italy Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Section d’Entomologie, Tervuren, Belgium Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany

Literature providing hoverfly records for the Arabian Peninsula per country is given below. Appendix 2 provides a checklist of all species recorded per country. Distributional information is derived from Dirickx (1998), Ghorpadé (2014), Gillett & Howarth (2004),

Order Diptera, family Syrphidae

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Knutson et al. (1975), Lyneborg & Barkemeyer (2005), Peck (1988), Smith & Vockeroth (1980), Speight (2013) and Walker & Pittaway (1987). Terminology of morphological characters follows Thompson (1999). Kuwait: Walker & Pittaway (1987) Oman: Speight (2013), Walker & Pittaway (1987) Saudi Arabia: Alsuhaibani (1996), El-Hawagry et al. (2013), Walker & Pittaway (1987) UAE: Gillett & Gillett (2002), Gillett & Howarth (2004), Howarth (2006), Walker & Pittaway (1987) Yemen: Becker (1910), Ricardo (1903), Smit & Gutiérrez-Chacón (2008), Verrall (1898) SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT A key is provided for all genera with multiple species recorded from the Arabian Peninsula. These should be treated with caution for additional species will be found, even in the fairly well-surveyed areas like Yemen and the UAE. Outside the Arabian Peninsula, other sources should be consulted; for further identification references regarding African species and genera see Whittington (2003). All species for which material was available, have been photographed to aid identification. Nearly all specimens have been stored in alcohol for at least some time and not all specimens have been treated appropriately when they were pinned, causing some of the specimens to shrivel. Others have been exposed to light when they were in alcohol making them appear much lighter in the photographs than in real life (e.g. Plates 6 & 74). Appendix 1 provides a table with further details on the localities; only the locality name and the dates or periods in which specimens have been collected are mentioned in the checklist. Allobaccha sapphirina (Wiedemann, 1830)

Plate 1

Baccha sapphirina Wiedemann, 1830. – Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten, 2: 96. Baccha sapphirina. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 415. Specimens examined: YEMEN: 12 km NW of Manakhah, 2♀, vi–viii.2003.

Distribution: Widespread in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions. Within the Arabian Peninsula known only from Yemen. Allograpta calopus (Loew, 1858)

Plate 2

Syrphus calopus Loew, 1858. – Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 14: 379. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Mabar, 2♂, 1♀, iv–v.1992. Qa al-Boun, 3♂, 6♀, 1–24.ii.1991. ArRujum, 1♂, 1♀, x.2000–vi.2001. Sana’a, 4♂, 3♀, iii.1991–vi.1999.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. First records for Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Asarkina africana Bezzi, 1908

Plate 4

Asarkina ericetorum var. africana Bezzi, 1908. – Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 6: 500. Asarcina ericetorum (Fabricius, 1781). – Ricardo, 1903; The Natural History of Sokotra and AbdelKuri: 369 (misidentification). Asarkina salvia Fabricius, 1794. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 414 (syn. of A. ericetorum, misidentification). Specimens examined: YEMEN: Al-Mahra, Ka’ab, 1♂, 29.viii.2002. Al-Mahra, Sarif, 2♀, 22– 24.viii.2002.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula known only from Yemen.

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J.T. Smit, A. van Harten & R. Ketelaar

Note: At the time of Ricardo and Verrall, the species A. ericetorum had several variations and subspecies, many of which have subsequently been raised to valid species. Therefore, the records of A. ericetorum are treated here as a probable misidentifications of A. africana. Betasyrphus adligatus (Wiedemann, 1824)

Plate 5

Syrphus adligatus Wiedemann, 1824. – Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus Analecta entomologica, etc.: 35. Syrphus adligatus. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 414. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Lahj, 1♂, viii.2002. Mabar, 2♀, iv–v.1992. Sana’a, 1♂, 1♀, iii–v.1999.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula known only from Yemen. Chrysotoxum continum Bezzi, 1915

Plate 3

Chrysotoxum continum Bezzi, 1915. – The Syrphidae of the Ethiopian Region: 118. Specimens examined: YEMEN: 12 km NW of Manakhah, 5♀, vii.2001–ix.2003. Sana’a, 6♂, 11♀, v.1992–vii.1998. Suq Bani Mansour, 2♀, 14.xi–28.xii.2001.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. First records for Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776)

Plate 6

Musca balteata De Geer, 1776. – Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire des insectes, 6: 116. Specimens examined: UAE: Al-Ajban, 2♂, 23–30.xi.2005. Bithnah, 1♂, xii.2006–ii.2007. Hatta, 1♂, 10–17.iv.2007. Wadi Bih dam, 8♂, 2♀, ii.2007–iii.2008. Wadi Maidaq, 1♂, xii.2006–ii.2007. Wadi Safad, 1♂, 19.iii.2007.

Distribution: Entire Palaearctic region. First records for the UAE and the Arabian Peninsula. Eristalinus s.l. The species recorded here have formerly been placed in either Eristalinus Rondani, 1845, Eristalodes Mik, 1897, or Lathyrophthalmus Mik, 1897. Kanervo (1938) rearranged some of the European species, providing new genitalia characters to separate the genera rather than using the markings on the eyes, used up to then (and still): With spots (Eristalinus) and with vertical bars (Eristalodes). Kanervo’s results, however, have largely been ignored, but were recently supported again by morphological as well as molecular data (Pérez-Bañon et al., 2003). However, they do clearly state that only few species have been analyzed and that adding molecular and morphological data of other species from these (sub)genera might further support this separation or even add additional groups. Since no DNA of the here mentioned additional species has been analyzed, we cannot support further placement in either one of these groups, hence we tentatively place all species in the one genus Eristalinus, providing the commonly used (sub)generic name in brackets. There has been quite some confusion about the identity and separation of E. megacephalus (Rossi, 1794), E. quinquelineatus (Fabricius, 1781) and E. tabanoides (Jaennicke, 1867). Separation of those species in the following key is based on: Becker (1903), who described the male of E. megacephalus under the name E. quinquelineatus; Becker & Stein (1913), who described the male of E. tabanoides and separated it from the previous species; Collin (1949), who summarized the differences between E. megacephalus and E. tabanoides under their respective correct names; Curran (1939), who clarified the true identity of E. quinquelineatus. Provisional key to the Eristalinus s.l. species of the Arabian Peninsula 1 Abdomen without yellow, entirely metallic-green. Scutum with distinct longitudinal dust bands .................................................................................................................... E. aeneus


575

Plates 1–5. 1: Allobacha sapphirina (Wiedemann), female; 2: Allograpta calopus (Loew), male; 3: Chrysotoxum continum Bezzi, female; 4: Asarkina africana Bezzi, female; 5: Betasyrphus adligatus (Wiedemann), male.

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– Abdomen dark with yellow spots, and or dusted bands, never metallic-green. Scutum either with longitudinal dust bands, sometimes forming a more elaborate pattern, or entirely dusted .................................................................................................................... 2 2 Eyes with vertical bands .................................................................................................... 3 – Eyes with spots, sometimes confined to the upper half of the eyes ................................... 4 3 Eyes with four relatively broad bands. Slightly smaller species 7–11 mm ........................... ............................................................................................................... E. quinquelineatus – Eyes with five to six slender bands. Slightly bigger species 9–14 mm .............. E. taeniops 4 Scutum with 5 distinct dust bands. Scutellum entirely light haired ................................... 5 – Scutum more or less uniformly dusted. Scutellum partly black haired ............ E. flaveolus 5 Male: 2nd tergite without a dust-band. Female: 2nd tergite with the dust-band clearly tapering laterally, the broadest part near the middle and band not reaching the lateral margins (Plates 11, 13, 15) ...................................................................... E. megacephalus – Male: 2nd tergite with a dust-band. Female: 2nd tergite with the dust-band not tapering laterally, the broadest part just before the lateral margins, which it normally reaches (Plates 12, 14, 16) .......................................................................................... E. tabanoides Eristalinus (Lathyrophthalmus) aeneus (Scopoli, 1763)

Plate 7

Conops aeneus Scopoli, 1763. – Entomologica carniolica exhibens insecta carnioliae indigena et distributa, etc.: 356. Eristalinus aeneus var. taphicus. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 415. Eristalinus aeneus. – Alsuhaibani, 1996; Journal of the King Saud University Agricultural Science, 8: 272. – Becker, 1910; Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 71: 141. – Gillett & Howarth, 2004; Jebel Hafit, a Natural History: 140. – Howarth, 2006; Tribulus, 16: 28. – Walker & Pittaway, 1987; Insects of Eastern Arabia: 108. Specimens examined: UAE: N of Ajman, 43♂, 15♀, ix.2006–iii.2009. Bithnah, 1♀, xii.2005–ii.2006. Fujairah, 1♀, 20–27.v.2006. Al-Jazirat al-Hamra, 1♂, 2♀, 29.xii.2004. Jebel Hafit, 4♂, ii–iii.2011. Liwa, 5 km E of Masseirah, 1♂, 9.i.2011. Near Mahafiz, 1♂, 3♀, iv–v.2006. Near Munay, 2♂, 14.iii.2010. Sharjah, 3♂, 1♀, vi.2005–xii.2006. Sharjah Desert Park, 45♂, 15♀, xi.2004–iv.2009. Sharjah–Khor Kalba, near tunnel, 2♂, 24.iii.2010. Wadi Bih dam, 1♀, xii.2009–i.2010. Wadi Maidaq, 6♂, 1♀, 4 specimens, xi.2005–x.2006. Wadi Safad, 15♂, 4♀, 3 ex., xi.2005–v.2006. Wadi Shawkah, 6♂, 8♀, 2 specimens, x.2006–iii.2011. Wadi Siji, 1♀, 24.ix–10.xii.2006. Wadi Wurayah, 1♂, 3♀, iv.2005–xii.2006. YEMEN: Al-Kowd, 1♂, vii–ix.2001. Sana’a, 4♂, 3♀, ii.1992–vii.1998.

Distribution: Present in all biogeographical regions. Within the Arabian Peninsula recorded from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. New to the UAE and Yemen. Eristalinus (s. str.) flaveolus (Bigot, 1880)

Plate 8

Eristalomyia flaveolus Bigot, 1880. – Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, (5) 10: 220. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Al-Kowd, 1♀, 27.x–15.xi.1992.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. First record for Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Eristalinus (s. str.) megacephalus (Rossi, 1794)

Plates 9, 11, 13, 15

Syrphus megacephalus Rossi, 1794. – Mantissa insectorum exhibens species nuper in Etruria collectas, etc.: 63. – Alsuhaibani, 1996; Journal of the King Saud University Agricultural Science, 8: 272. Eristalinus megacephalus. – Gillett & Howarth, 2004; Jebel Hafit, a Natural History: 140. – Howarth, 2006; Tribulus, 16: 28. ?Eristalinus sp. – Gillett & Gillett, 2002; Tribulus, 12: 15. Specimens examined: UAE: N of Ajman, 1♂, 1♀, 9–28.xii.2006. Sharjah Desert Park, 3♂, 2♀, xii.2006–iv.2009. Sharjah–Khor Kalba, near tunnel, 2♂, iv–vi–2006. NARC, near Sweihan, 4♂, 3♀, xi–


577

Plates 6–10. 6: Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer), male; 7: Eristalinus aeneus (Scopoli), male; 8: E. flaveolus (Bigot), female; 9: E. megacephalus (Rossi), male; 10: E. tabanoides (Jaennicke), male.

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xii.2005. Wadi Bih dam, 1♂, 1♀, 16–31.xii.2009. Wadi Maidaq, 3♂, xii.2005–x.2006. Wadi Safad, 2♂, 14–21.v.2006. Wadi Shawkah, 4♂, 3♀, i.2008–ii.2011. YEMEN: Sana’a, 2♂, 3♀, i.1998–v.1999. Ta’izz, 1♂, i–ii.1998.

Distribution: Mediterranean part of the Palaearctic, Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula recorded from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the UAE. First record for Yemen. Eristalinus (Eristalodes) quinquelineatus (Fabricius, 1781)

Plate 19

Syrphus quinquelineatus Fabricius, 1781. – Species insectorum exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, etc.: 425. Eristalis quinquelineatus. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 415. – Becker, 1910; Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 71: 141. Eristalinus quinquelineatus. – Smith & Vockeroth, 1980; Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region: 502. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Ar-Rujum, 1♀, iv–vi.2001. Sana’a, 5♂, 7♀, vii.1998–ix.2000. Ta’izz, 7♂, 6♀, i–iv.1998.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula known only from Yemen. Eristalinus (s. str.) tabanoides (Jaennicke, 1867)

Plates 10, 12, 14, 16–18

Eristalis tabanoides Jaennicke, 1867. – Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellshaft, 6: 402. ?Eristalinus sp. – Gillett & Gillett, 2002; Tribulus, 12: 15 Material examined: UAE: Al-Ajban, 1♀, 2 specimens, xi.2005–iii.2006. N of Ajman, 2♂, xi–xii.2006. Fujairah, 9♂, 2♀, vi.2005–v.2006. Near Mahafiz, 1♂, 4♀, iv.2006–iii.2011. Near Munay, 1♂, 14.iii.2010. Sharjah, 11♂, 5♀, 2 ex., iv.2005–iv.2006. Sharjah Desert Park, 22♂, 21♀, 30 ex., xi.2004– vii.2008. Sharjah–Khor Kalba, near tunnel, 1♂, v–vi.2006. Shawkah, 1♀, 10.ii.2011. NARC, near Sweihan, 1♀, iii–iv.2005. Wadi Bih dam, 1♂, 7♀, xii.2009–i.2010. Wadi Maidaq, 4♂, xii.2005– vi.2006. Wadi Safad, 1♂, 6♀, xii.2005–v.2006. Wadi Shawkah, 2♀, 1–15.iii.2011. Wadi Wurayah, 2♂, 1♀, 10–26.xii.2006. YEMEN: Al-Kowd, 3♂, 2♀, vii.2001–ix.2003. Al-Mahra, Ka’ab, 1♀, 27.vii.2002. Lahj, 2♂, 17.xii.2001–viii.2002. YEMEN, Socotra: Hamadara, 1♀, 4.iv.1967. Qalansiya, 1♀, 25.iii.1967. Shu'ab, 5 ex., 1.iii.2009. Wadi Irih, 1♀, 3.iii.2009. Wadi Mahabat, 1♀, 25.ii.2009. Wadi Shilliyin, 1♀, 25.ii.2009. Wadi Qalansiyah, 15 ex., 28.ii.2009.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. Previously recorded from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia as E. megacephalus (Walker & Pittaway, 1987), the male they depict clearly has a dust-band on the second tergite revealing its identity as E. tabanoides rather than E. megacephalus. Eristalinus (Eristalodes) taeniops Wiedemann, 1818

Plate 20

Eristalis taeniops Wiedemann, 1818. – Zoologisch Magazin Kiel, 1 (2): 42. Eristalis taeniops. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 415. – Ricardo, 1903; The Natural History of Sokotra and Abdel-Kuri: 369. Eristalis (Eristalodes) taeniops. – Howarth, 2006; Tribulus, 16: 28. Eristalinus taeniops. – Gillett & Howarth, 2004; Jebel Hafit, a Natural History: 140. – El-Hawagry et al., 2013; Zookeys, 274: 59. Specimens examined: UAE: Sharjah–Khor Kalba, near tunnel, 1♂, 17–18.iv.2006. Wadi Maidaq, 4♂, 1♀, xi.2005–vi.2006. Wadi Safad, 1♂, 1♀, xii.2005–ii.2006. Wadi Wurayah, 1♂, 10–26.xii.2006. YEMEN: Sana’a, 2♂, 3♀, ii.1992–iv.1999. YEMEN, Socotra: Adho Demalu, 1♀, 24.iv.1967; 10 ex., 5.xi.2010. Di-Hashus, 1♀, 26.ii.2009. Kishin, 1♀, 18.iv.1967.

Distribution: Mediterranean part of the Palaearctic, Afrotropical region, India, Nepal. Within the Arabian Peninsula known from Yemen and the UAE.


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Plates 11–16. Eristalinus megacephalus Rossi. 11: Male; 13: Female; 15: Female, lateral view. E. tabanoides (Jaennicke). 12: Male; 14: Female; 16: Female, lateral view.

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Plates 17–18. 17: Female Eristalinus tabanoides (Jaennicke) ovipositing in a wet piece of wood; 18: Female E. tabanoides near its larval habitat in Socotra. Photographs R. Ketelaar.


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Plates 19–20. 19: Eristalinus quinquelineatus (Fabricius), male, deceptively light due to alcohol storage; 20: Eristalinus taeniops Wiedemann, female.

Genus Eumerus Meigen, 1822 Provisional key to the Eumerus species of the Arabian Peninsula Identifying Eumerus-specimens can be challenging, especially when dealing with species predominantly associated with the African fauna. Lyneborg started a revision of the African species but unfortunately passed away before he was able to finish it (Pape, 2007). However, he did leave a comprehensive manuscript key with numerous new species and several new synonymies, the latter are dealt with in Lyneborg et al. (2015). All taxa examined from the Arabian Peninsula have been checked with his manuscript key, which helped a lot in the identification, and none of the three species of Eumerus described here belong to any of the undescribed species treated in his manuscript. Apart from Africa, the Oriental and Palaearctic fauna also need to be considered for the species of the Arabian Peninsula. Specimens as well as (photos of) types of a vast number of species from both the Palaearctic and Oriental region have been examined. The examined types, if relevant, are mentioned in the information given per species below. 1 Abdomen with yellow, translucent spots on 2nd tergite and sometimes on 3rd, these can be obscured by dusting ........................................................................................................... 2 – Abdomen without any yellow, translucent markings, but with dusted spots only ............. 3 2 Postpronotum lighter than scutum. Female: Scutum with clear and relatively broad dusted longitudinal stripes, reaching at least ¾ down towards the scutellum, broadest part in front of the transverse suture, clearly tapering after that. Frons largely dusted, only a small shining black band above antennae, dust spots posterior to ocelli very large, normally forming a band. Male: Cerci not enlarged, surstyli elongated and curved ..... E. cistanchei

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Plates 21–24. Eumerus incilis Smit sp. nov. 21: Male; 23: Male, 4th tergite. E. vestitus Bezzi. 22: Male; 24: Male, 4th tergite.

– Postpronotum same colour as scutum. Female: Scutum with less developed longitudinal dusted stripes, at most reaching ¾ down towards the scutellum, never broad before transverse suture nor clearly tapering afterwards. Frons more shining, dust band above antennae less developed, and the dust spots posterior to ocelli very small. Male: Cerci greatly enlarged, surstyli not elongated ......................................... E. lucidus (E. SOC-01) 3 Scutellum with a clearly dusted rim, though sometimes only a thin line (E. obliquus). Third basotarsomere in males with a dorsal ridge (except E. punctifrons). Short and stout species ................................................................................................................................ 4 – Scutellum without a dusted rim, entirely undusted. Species can be stout, slender or with a more triangular abdomen ................................................................................................... 7 4 Eyes clearly and densely haired. Scutellum with a very thin dusted rim. Fourth tergite with only a pair of dusted spots ................................................................................ E. obliquus


583

Plates 25–31. Eumerus incilis Smit sp. nov., male. 25: 4th sternite; 27: 3rd tarsus, dorsal view; 28: 3rd tarsus, lateral view; 29: 3rd baso tarsomere, dorsal view. E. vestitus Bezzi, male. 26: 4th sternite; 30: 3rd tarsus, dorsal view; 31: 3rd tarsus lateral view.

– Eyes bare, at most some scattered microscopic hairs present. Scutellum with a broader dusted rim. Fourth tergite more extensively dusted .......................................................... 5 5 Abdomen, 4th tergite with a pair of dusted spots and a dusted line along the lateral and hind margins. Third tibia without two very small but conspicuous black spines ventrally on the apical edge ......................................................................................... E. punctifrons – Abdomen, 4th tergite more extensively dusted, no separate spots visible. Third tibia with two very small but conspicuous black spines ventrally on the apical edge, sometimes three spines ................................................................................................................................. 6 6 Scutum more extensively dusted, dusting of anterior and posterior half connected at least in the middle. Antennae lighter, reddish. Third basotarsomere (light) brown, never black. Male, 4th sternite longer than broad (Plates 22, 24, 26, 30, 31) ........................... E. vestitus – Scutum less extensively dusted, in posterior half with a broad undusted patch just behind the suture. Antennae darker, brown. Third basotarsomere black. Male, 4th sternite broader than long (Plates 21, 23, 25, 27–29) ............................................... E. incilis Smit sp. nov. 7 Eyes clearly and densely haired. Abdomen normally extensively red, but can be nearly entirely dark. Antennae bright orange ...................................................... E. turcmenorum – Eyes bare, at most some scattered microscopic hairs present ............................................ 8 8 Third femur only slightly thickened, all spines projecting directly from the surface of the femur and not inserted on a ridge. Rather black and slender build species ...... E. amoenus

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– Third femur more strongly thickened, anterior row of spines is carried on a ridge. Species not slender build ................................................................................................................ 9 9 Abdominal tergites with all hairs erect, hence giving the animal a hairy appearance. Scutum shiny with five separate dusted lines reaching beyond the suture ............................ .......................................................................................................... E. sp. nr. erythrocerus – Abdominal tergites with the majority of the hairs adpressed, giving the animal a more glabrous appearance. Scutum either without dusting or with a more elaborate pattern of dusting ............................................................................................................................. 10 10 Rather big species. Abdomen normally extensively red, but can be nearly entirely dark, clearly triangular in shape ........................................................ E. lacertosus Smit sp. nov. – Rather small and compact build species. Abdomen dark, never red nor triangular-shaped. Dusted spots of 3rd tergite continue along the lateral margin of 4th tergite ........................... ................................................................................................. E. charmatus Smit sp. nov. Eumerus amoenus Loew, 1848

Plate 32

Eumerus amoenus Loew, 1848. – Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 9: 125. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Mabar, 3♂, 1♀, iv–viii.1992. Sana’a, 16♂, 1♀, iii.1992–ii.1993.

Distribution: Western Palaearctic, Mediterranean part of Africa, Turkey, Mongolia. First records for Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Eumerus charmatus Smit sp. nov.

Plates 33, 34, 35, 45, 46

Holotype: ♂. Label 1: “YEMEN, 12 km NW of / Manakhah MT / 15°05'N 43°12'E / 15.v–23.vi.2003 / leg. A. van Harten”. Label 2: “HOLOTYPE / Eumerus ♂ / charmatus sp.n. / Det. J.T. Smit 2003”. The holotype is in good condition and is deposited in RMNH. Paratypes: 47♂, 31♀, same locality as holotype, 3.vii.2001–27.x.2003. 1♂, al-Kadan, 3.xii.1997–17.ii.1998. Additional material examined: Photos of the male holotype of Eumerus compactus van Doesburg, 1966 (NMP), a female paratype (RMNH) and two males recently collected in the Republic of South Africa: KwaZula Natal, Royal Natal National Park, Thendele, 28°42'40.0''S 28°56'08.1''E, 12–16.i.2015, leg. M. Reemer & K.D. Dijkstra.

Description of male holotype: Head: Face and frons heavily white dusted and white haired. Frons with a very small dark spot in the middle, free of dusting. Antennae orange-brown, basoflagellomere elongated, the upper margin curved over its entire length, therefore missing a clear upper anterior corner. Arista slightly swollen in the basal fifth, which is orange coloured, the remainder is black. Eyes are sparsely and very short haired, difficult to see and therefore appearing bare. Eyes almost contiguous over a short distance, separated by no more than half the width of the frontal ocellus. Vertex entirely black haired. Ocellar triangle equilateral. Postocular orbit dusted, less dense in the upper part. Head is clearly broader than the thorax. Thorax coarsely punctate, though shining, about twice as broad as long. Scutum with an indistinct dustpattern (Plate 33). The mesonotum is light haired, except for two lateral patches of black hairs just behind the transverse suture. Scutellum light haired. Wing entirely covered with microtrichia, pterostigma grey-yellow. Calypter entirely white, with a white hair fringe. Halters entirely white-yellow. Legs entirely white haired, femora black except for the extreme top. Tibia and tarsi of the first two pairs of legs obscured brown, entirely adpressed white haired. Third femur extremely swollen with a clear ridge with short black spines, apico–ventrally, antero-laterally. Covered with strong, thick white hairs. Third tarsus obscured brown. Abdomen little less broad than the thorax, tapering gradually towards the tip. Tergites coarsely punctate, entirely black, the posterior margin of the fourth tergite a little lighter, appearing a bit translucent dark brown. Three pairs of dusted spots on the tergites, reaching the posterior corners of the tergites, the spots on the third tergite continuing on the lateral margins of the fourth (Plate 33). The dust spots on the second and third tergite situated


585

in a small depression. Abdomen black-haired between the dust spots of the second and fourth tergite, the dust spots themselves, as well as in front of them on the second tergite and posterior to them on the fourth tergite, white-haired. Pregenital segment is white-haired. Sternites white-haired, fourth unmodified. Genitalia as in Plates 45, 46. Variability observed in the paratypes: In some specimens the dusting in the upper part of the postocular orbit is more coherent and touching the posterior dusting band on the vertex, though it is less thick than in the lower parts of the postocular orbit. In some specimens, the two pairs of dust spots on the fourth tergite are not touching at the posterior corners. Length: Body: 4.5–7.0 mm. Wing: 3.5–5.5 mm. Description of female: Similar to the male except for the following differences: Frons dusted sometimes up to the frontal ocellus, dusting is punctated. Upper margin of the basoflagellomere not curved over its entire length, there is a rounded upper anterior corner. In some specimens the dust spots on both the second and third tergite continuing on the following segment, though the extension at the lateral margins of the third tergite less extensive than on the fourth tergite. Just in front of the posterior margin of the fourth tergite there is an additional small dust spot at the middle. Length: Length: Body: 4.0–7.5 mm. Wing: 3.5–6.0 mm. Diagnosis: This species can immediately be recognized by the following combination of characters: Body very compact build, thorax nearly twice as broad as long. The dust spots on the third tergite continue on the lateral margin of the fourth, in females the spots on the second tergite continue on the third as well. Eyes sparsely haired and almost contiguous over a distance less than half the median line of the frontal triangle. Eumerus charmatus sp. nov. is very closely related to E. compactus. Both share the very compact habitus, in which they differ from all other Eumerus species Both are easily separated by the characters given below: ♂♀ Antenna Tibiae Dust spots on 3rd tergite ♂ 3rd femur

Vertical triangle

Occiput Genitalia Cercus

E. charmatus sp. nov.

E. compactus

Darkened. Darkened.

Bright orange. Bright orange, only third tibia slightly darkened in apical half. Do not continue along lateral margins of 4th tergite.

Continue along lateral margin of 4th tergite. Broader, about three times as broad as maximum width of 3rd tibia In frontal view the white hairs thicker and longer, therefore more conspicuous especially in apical part, just above the apicoventral ridge. Three faint dust spots present; in front the frontal ocellus, in the middle of the ocellar triangle and posterior to the ocellar triangle. Clearly dusted up to the corners of the eyes, nearly over the entire width.

Less broad, about two times as broad as maximum width of 3rd tibia. In fronatal view the white hairs thinner, therefore less conspicuous, especially in apical part, just above the apicoventral ridge. Completely shining, no dust spots present.

Long and with more or less pronounced corners.

Short and with rounded corners.

Apical part partially shining and undusted, at most a very thin line of dusting present along the eye margin.


586

Hypandrium

Slender, from the rounded base gradually and concavely tapering towards the apical part.

Surstyli

The very conspicuous black bristles on the inner side confined to the basal part.

Distribution

Yemen.

Broader and shaped more or less as a contrabass, with clearly defined sharp shoulders just before the beginning of the apical part of the hypandrium. The very conspicuous black bristles on the inner side not confined to de basal part, ventrally running up almost up to the ctenidion. Republic of South Africa and Congo.

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the Greek ‘charmatos’ meaning smashing or source of delight. It is used here as an adjective to emphasize the cuteness of the fly, which has a short and stout appearance, is very small and with interconnected dust-stripes almost like they were painted on the abdomen, making it a cute species with a delightful appearance. Distribution: Only known from Yemen. Eumerus cistanchei Efflatoun, 1926

Plates 36, 37

Eumerus cistanchei Efflatoun, 1926. – Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d’Egypt, 19: 297. Specimens examined: Photos of type examined (MNHNP). UAE: Al-Ajban, 4♂, 2♀, x.2005–v.2006. Jebel Hafit, 2♂, 1♀, ii–iii.2011. Liwa Oasis, 2♀, 9.i.2011. Near Mahafiz, 1♀, xii.2005–ii.2006. ArRafah, 1♀, 1–8.iii.2011. Sharjah Desert Park, 1♀, i–ii.2008. Near Sweihan, 1♂, i–ii.2006. Um alQuwain, 1♀, 11–13.iii.2009. Wadi Wurayah, 1♂, 22.i.2006.

Distribution: Egypt, Israel. These are the first records for the UAE and the Arabian Peninsula. Eumerus sp. nr. erythrocerus Loew, 1858

Plate 38

Eumerus erythrocerus Loew, 1858. – Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 14: 377. Specimens examined: Photos of type examined (NRS). YEMEN: Ta’izz, 1♀, i–ii.1998.

Note: This specimen runs to E. erythrocerus in the available keys and it looks superficially similar, there are however marked differences between both species, amongst others in the pattern of dust stripes on the scutum. There is only one female available making it unsuitable for a proper identification, therefore the main characters are given below: This species is characterized by the following combination of characters: Abdomen black, without any red parts. Eyes bare, antenna entirely orange. Face, frons, vertex and postocular orbit dusted, except for the ocellar triangle, the dusting on the frons roughly punctuate. Thorax with four dusted stripes, the middle ones not reaching the scutellum. Pleurae dusted. Scutellar margin yellow. Hind femur swollen, with a spinose ridge in the apical part, ventrally. Abdomen with three pair of white dusted spots. Distribution: Yemen. Eumerus incilis Smit sp. nov.

Plates 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 39, 40, 41, 43, 47, 48

Holotype: ♂. Label 1: “UAE Liwa, 5 km E / of Masseirah / 23°08'N 53°47'E / 10.i.2011 / Leg. C. Schmid-Egger”. Label 2: “RMNH.INS. / 547579 [including a QR-code]”. Label 3: “HOLOTYPE / Eumerus ♂ / incilis Smit / Det. J.T. Smit 2014”. The holotype is in good condition. The genitalia are removed and stored in a micro-tube on the same pin as the specimen itself. The right middle-leg has been removed for DNA-barcoding. The holotype is deposited in RMNH. Paratypes: 3♂, same data as holotype (RMNH.INS.547578, RMNH.INS.547580, RMNH.INS.547581). 1♂, Liwa Oasis, 9.i.2011. 3♂, Sharjah Desert Park, 12.iii.2008. 1♂, Sharjah–Khor Kalba tunnel, 24– 30.v.2006. 1♀, Wadi Madhah, 13.iii.2008. 2♀, Wadi Shawkah, iii.2009–iii.2011.


587

Plates 32–37. 32: Eumerus amoenus Loew, male; 33: E. charmatus Smit sp. nov., male holotype; 34: Idem, lateral view; 35; E. charmatus Smit sp. nov., female paratype; 36: E. cistanchei Efflatoun, male; 37: Idem, lateral view.

Additional material examined: Photos of types of E. albifrons (BMNH). E. efflatouni (AMNH), E. obliquus (LT, UZMC, Lyneborg et al., 2015) and E. vestitus (MCSNG).

Description of male holotype: Head: eyes contiguous over a short distance, about the same as the height of the face above the lunules. Eyes with a few scattered hairs, mainly in the lower halve. Face entirely white dusted and white haired. Antennae dark, basoflagellomere somewhat lighter at the base. Frons white dusted except around each ocellus. Frons black haired, at the front turning white. Occiput entirely white dusted, the upper parts and the vertex

588


less densely dusted and distinctly coarse punctate. Thorax: Black and entirely white haired. Scutum with a pattern of dusting (Plates 40, 43), dusting rather weak and visibility depends on angle. Scutellum with a dusted rim. Wings: Entirely covered with microtrichia, except for the extreme base of cells BM, R, bc and C, as well as in the middle of the alula. Pterostigma dark grey-brown. Legs: Entirely black, only knees and tarsi of the first two legs lighter. Third femur extremely swollen with a clear ridge with short black spines, apico-ventrally, anterolaterally. Third tibia with two very small but conspicuous black spines ventrally on the apical edge. Tarsi of third leg rather short, shorter than tibia. Third basotarsomere with a dorsal ridge anteriorly and a deep oblique incision behind. Tarsus ventrally conspicuously orange haired. Abdomen: Black with two pair of dusted spots on the second and third tergite. Fourth tergite dusted in the apical three quarters, two undusted stripes from anterior edge to posterior corners. Some weaker dusting present along the lateral margins of the posterior part of second, entire third and anterior corners of fourth tergite. Fourth sternite broader than long (Plate 25). Genitalia as in Plates 47, 48. Length: body 6.5 mm. Wing 5 mm. Description of female: Similar to the male except for the following differences: Third basotarsomere unmodified, black rather than brown (like in E. vestitus). Fourth tergite with only two dust spots. Diagnosis: This species can immediately be recognized within the obliquus-species group (e.g. species with males that have the third basotarsomere with a dorsal ridge) by the combination of the pattern of faint dusting on the scutum, the bare eyes (at most some very short scattered hairs), the very short but conspicuous black spines at the top of the third tibia, the short length of the third basotarsomere, the deep and clear incision behind its ridge and the shape of the fourth sternite. Especially the shape of the third basotarsomere is quite different from the other species in this group, e.g. E. obliquus and E. vestitus (including E. efflatouni, see below under E. vestitus) in the Palaearctic and Afrotropical region and E. albifrons in the Oriental region. Etymology: The specific epithet is the Latin noun ‘incilis’ (= ditch or incision) in apposition, referring to the very prominent incision on the third basotarsomere, behind the ridge. Distribution: Only known from the UAE. Eumerus lacertosus Smit sp. nov.

Plates 42, 44, 49, 50, 51

Eumerus lunatus. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 422 (misidentification). Holotype: ♂. Label 1: “YEMEN, 12 km NW of / Manakhah MT / 15°05'N 43°12'E / 24.vi–4.viii.2003 / Leg. A. Van Harten”. Label 2: “HOLOTYPE / Eumerus ♂ / lacertosus sp.n. / Det J.T. Smit 2014”. The holotype is in good condition and is deposited in RMNH. Paratypes: 2♂, 4♀, same locality as holotype, vii.2001–x.2003. Additional material: UAE: Wadi Maidaq, 1♂, 14–25.i.2006. Wadi Wurayah, 2♀, iv.2005–iii.2007. Additional material examined: Specimens of E. lunatus (Fabricius, 1794) and E. triangularis HervéBazin, 1913, (MRAC & RMNH), including a male syntype of the latter (RMNH).

Description of holotype male: Head. Face and frons heavily white dusted and white haired. Frons with a very small dark spot in the middle, free of dusting. Antenna brown, basoflagellomere pointed, the upper margin curved downwards from just beyond the insertion of the arista. Arista only slightly lighter in basal fourth. Eyes bare, contiguous over a distance a little shorter than the ocellar triangle. Vertex entirely light haired and heavily dusted in front of the frontal ocellus. Post ocular orbit dusted, less extensive in the upper part. Vertex a little shining, metallic grey coloured. Thorax entirely metallic grey-coloured, like the vertex only


589

Plates 38–44. 38: Eumerus sp. nr. erythrocerus Loew, female; 39: E. incilis Smit sp. nov., female paratype, dorsal view; 40: E. incilis Smit sp. nov., male holotype, dorsal view; 41: E. incilis Smit sp. nov., female, 4th tergite. 42: E. lacertosus Smit sp. nov., male holotype, lateral view; 43: E. incilis Smit sp. nov., male holotype, lateral view; 44: E. lacertosus Smit sp. nov., male holotype.

590


less shining, more or less dull, except for the post pronotum and the scutellum, which are shining. Thorax, pleurae and scutellum coarsely punctate, the margin shallowly serrate. Pleurae more heavily dusted than the mesonotum. Thorax entirely light haired, hairs very short on the mesonotum. Wing entirely covered with microtrichia, except for the basal cells, which are bare for about 1/3, and the anal-cell, which is bare for about 1/6. Pterostigma greyyellow. The calypter entirely white, with a white hair fringe. Halters yellow. Legs entirely white haired, femora black except for the extreme top. Tibia and tarsi of the first two legs obscured brown, entirely adpressed white haired. Third femur extremely swollen with a clear ridge with black spines, apico-ventrally, antero-laterally and with three large black spines postero-laterally. Third tibia obscured brown in the basal and black in the apical half. Third tarsi black. Abdomen red, obscured in the apical half. The abdomen is strikingly acute and pointed. Tergites with three pairs of dusted spots, of which the first two clearly broaden towards the lateral margin of the tergite. The first tergite uniformly grey dusted. The tergites covered with short, adpressed black hairs, except for the first tergite and on the dust spots, where the hairs are white. Anterior corners of the second tergite with a few very long erect white hairs. The lateral margins of the fourth tergite with a small band of white hairs, connecting the dust spots of the third and fourth tergite. Sternites mixed white and black haired, fourth only slightly modified. Genitalia as in Plates 49, 50. Length: Body: 8.0 mm. Wing: 5.5 mm. Variability observed in the paratype series: There is one male that has the vertex entirely black-haired. Viewed from behind the dusting on the mesonotum may form five very faint lines. Abdomen can be more or less obscured, so that the fourth tergite appears predominantly black. Sternites may be entirely white-haired. Length: Body: 7.5–8.0 mm. Wing: 5.5 mm. Description of female: Similar to the male except for the following differences: Frons less dusted in the middle, clearly black shining just above the antenna, turning to the characteristic metallic grey colour. Two small dust spots just behind the ocellar triangle, sometimes connecting. Vertex black haired. Basoflagellomere broader, less pointed. Length: Body: 8.0–10.0 mm. Wing: 6.0–7.0 mm. Diagnosis: This species can immediately be recognized by the following combination of characters: Eyes bare, contiguous over a distance a little shorter than the ocellar triangle. Scutum coarsely punctate, very short haired and metallic grey-coloured. Abdomen red, partly obscured in the apical half, very acute pointed. Third femur very strongly swollen, with a spinose ridge apico-ventrally, antero-laterally and with three large black spines posterolaterally. Etymology: The specific epithet is an adjective meaning brawny, muscular, forceful etc. and is referring to the sturdy look of the species, especially the very strongly build hind legs. Distribution: Only known from Yemen. Remarks: These characters also apply to Eumerus lunatus and E. triangularis Hervé-Bazin, 1913, though the last one has no partially red abdomen. Specimens of both species held in the Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale at Tervuren, Belgium (MRAC), including a male syntype of E. triangularis, and the Naturalis Biodiversity Center at Leiden, the Netherlands (RMNH), have been examined. In the keys of Stackelberg (1961) and Hull (1964), specimens of E. lacertosus sp. nov. will run to E. lunatus and E. triangularis, respectively. Curran (1938) is the only one providing a key for African Eumerus species, under the synonymous name Citabaena Curran, 1938, including Eumerus lunatus. However, using this key, specimens of E. lacertosus sp. nov. will either run to Eumerus triangularis or to Eumerus amoenus Loew, 1848, for Curran erroneously included E. lunatus under the species with hairy eyes.


591

Plates 45–50. 45: Eumerus charmatus Smit sp. nov., male, genitalia, lateral view; 46: Idem, ventral view; 47: Eumerus incilis Smit sp. nov., male, genitalia, lateral view; 48: Idem, ventral view; 49: Eumerus lacertosus Smit sp. nov., male, genitalia, lateral view; 50: Idem, ventral view. Lines indicate 1 mm.

The species Eumerus lunatus, E. lacertosus sp. nov. and E. triangularis clearly belong to the same species-group. The apomorphic characters for this species-group are: - Eyes bare, - Eyes contiguous over a distance a little shorter than the ocellar triangle,


592

-

Third antennal joint broadly triangular, Thorax coarsely punctate and very short-haired, Third femur strongly swollen, with a spinose ridge and a few large black spines at the other side, ventrally, - Abdomen very acutely pointed, gradually tapering from the anterior corners of the second tergite to the tip, stronger even in females, - The scutellar margin is shallowly serrate. Eumerus triangularis can be separated from E. lacertosus sp. nov. by the entirely black abdomen, the elongated second antennal segment, and the distinctly modified fourth sternite. Eumerus lunatus can be separated from E. lacertosus sp. nov. by the lighter, orange antenna, the darker-coloured mesonotum, black instead of metallic grey, and the shorter spines on the postero-ventral part of the third femur. Eumerus lucidus Loew, 1848

Plates 52-54

Eumerus lucidus Loew, 1848. – Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 9: 134. Specimens examined: Photos of type examined (ZMHU). YEMEN: Al-Kadan, 2♂, 1♀, ii–iii.1998. AlKowd, 1♂, 1♀, x–xi.1992. Suq Bani Mansour, 2♀, xi–xii.2001.

Distribution: Rhodes, Greece to southwestern Asia. These are the first records for Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Eumerus obliquus (Fabricius, 1805)

Plate 55

Milesia obliquus Fabricius, 1805. – Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, etc.: 194. Eumerus obliquus. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 422. – Ricardo, 1903; The Natural History of Sokotra and Abdel-Kuri: 370. Specimens examined: Photos of lectotype (UZMC) examined (Lyneborg et al., 2015). YEMEN: 12 km NW of Manakhah, 2♀, vii.2001–vi.2003.

Distribution: Mediterranean part of the Palaearctic, Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula only known from Yemen. Eumerus punctifrons Loew, 1857

Plates 56, 57

Eumerus punctifrons Loew, 1857. – Verhandlungen zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien, 7: 85. Specimens examined: Photos of type examined (ZMHU). UAE: Wadi Bih dam, 1♀, ii–iii.2009. YEMEN: Al-Kowd, 1♂, ix.2003. Lahj, 1♂, v–vi.2000.

Distribution: From Cape Verde Islands in the west to Yemen in the east and south to South Africa. These are the first records for the Arabian Peninsula. Eumerus SOC-01

Plates 58, 59

Specimens examined: YEMEN, Socotra: Adho Demalu, top of pass, 1♀, 1.xi.2010.

This species is undoubtedly very closely related, if not exactly the same, as E. lucidus. There are however slight differences between this one female collected on the island of Socotra and the females of E. lucidus. The translucent yellow spots on the 2nd tergite are not that big, nor prominent, the dust spots on the 4th tergite seem much weaker and more horizontally oriented. Distribution: Yemen; Socotra. Eumerus turcmenorum Paramonov, 1926

Plates 60, 61

Eumerus turcmenorum Paramonov, 1926. – Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences Physiques et Mathématiques, 2: 80. Eumerus turcomenorum Paramonov: – Gillett & Gillett, 2002; Tribulus 12: 15 (misspelling, and incorrectly placed in the family Tabanidae). – Howarth, 2006; Tribulus, 16: 28 (misspelling).


593

Plates 51–57. 51: Eumerus lacertosus Smit sp. nov., female paratype; 52: E. lucidus Loew, male; 53: E. lucidus, female; 54: E. lucidus, female, lateral view; 55: E. obliquus (Fabricius), female; 56: E. punctifrons Loew, male, lateral view; 57: E. punctifrons Loew, male, dorsal view.

594


Specimens examined: Photos of type examined (SIZK). UAE: N of Ajman, 5♂, 5♀, ix.2007–iii.2009. Jebel Hafit, 1♀, ii–iii.2011.

Distribution: Turkmenistan. Within the Arabian Peninsula only known from the UAE. Eumerus vestitus Bezzi, 1912

Plates 22, 24, 26, 30, 31, 62

Eumerus vestitus Bezzi, 1912. – Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 45: 442. Citabaena efflatouni Curran, 1938. – American Museum Novitates, 1009: 12. (syn. nov.) Specimens examined: Photos of types examined of E. vestitus (MCSNG) and E. efflatouni (AMNH) suggest both are synonymous. UAE: Fujairah, 2♂, 6♀, ii–v.2006. Hatta, 2♀, 8–26.iv.2006. Sharjah Desert Park, 1♂, 1♀, xi.2004–iii.2009. Wadi Wurayah farm, 2♂, 11–30.iii.2009. YEMEN: Lahj, 1♂, 1♀, v–xi.2000. Sana’a, 2♀, v–vi.1999.

Note: Examination of photos of the types revealed E. efflatouni as a synonym of E. vestitus. The genitalia have not been examined, but the similarities between the two compared to the distinct differences with the other two species in the complex E. incilis sp. nov. and E. obliquus, implies both are synonymous. The diagnostic characters given in the original description by Curran (1938), e.g. the more extensively shining fourth tergite and less pollinose thorax, fit perfectly within the range of the E. vestitus syntype series. Moreover, the fourth sternite of the E. efflatouni holotype looks identical to that of the male syntype E. vestitus. Distribution: Afrotropical region, Egypt. These are the first records for the UAE, Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Genus Eupeodes Osten Sacken, 1877 Apart from the two species recorded here, a third one has previously been recorded from Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the UAE: Eupeodes luniger (Meigen, 1822) (Alsuhaibani, 1996; Gillett & Gillett, 2002; Gillett & Howarth, 2004; Howarth, 2006; Walker & Pittaway, 1987). However, the figure given by Walker & Pittaway (1987) on page 107 clearly shows a female Scaeva albomaculata (Macquart, 1842) and not E. luniger. Gillett & Gillett (2002) also refer to that species as large and brightly coloured, which again sounds more like S. albomaculata then E. luniger. Therefore, these records of E. luniger are regarded as misidentifications of S. albomaculata. Provisional key to the Eupeodes species of the Arabian Peninsula 1 Face very small, distinctly smaller than the width of one eye. Legs entirely yellow. Tergites normally with broad bands, sometimes interrupted .................................. E. nuba – Face not smaller than the width of one eye. Legs: Femora black basally. Tergites normally with spots, sometimes connected to bands ......................................................... E. corollae Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794)

Plate 63

Syrphus corollae Fabricius, 1794. – Entomologica systematica emendate et aucta, etc.: 306. Metasyrphus corollae. – Kroschel, 1993; Plits: 11. Eupeodes corollae. – El-Hawagry et al., 2013; Zookeys, 274: 59. Specimens examined: UAE: Al-Ajban, 1♂, 10♀, x.2005–iii.2006. N of Ajman, 2♂, 15–16.iii.2009. Bithnah, 4♀, xii.2006–ii.2007. Fujairah, 1♀, 28.ii–1.iv.2006. Hatta, 1♀, 19–28.iii.2006. Khor alKhwair, 7♂, 15–22.iii.2007. Sharjah, 12♀, 2.iii.2006. Sharjah Desert Park, 24♂, 8♀, 6 specimens, iii.2005–iv.2009. Sharjah–Khor Kalba, near tunnel, 1♂, 7–22.iii.2006. NARC, near Sweihan, 1♀, 16.xi– 21.xii.2005. Wadi Bih dam, 7♂, iii.2009–i.2010. Wadi Maidaq, 5♂, 3♀, ii.2006–iii.2009. Wadi Maidaq/ Wadi al-Hayl, 3♂, 1♀, 9.ii.2011. Wadi Safad, 1♀, 21.ii–4.iii.2006. Wadi Shawkah, 3♀, x.2007– ii.2011.


595

Plates 58–64. 58: Eumerus SOC-01, female; 59: E. SOC-01, female, lateral view; 60: E. turcmenorum Paramonov, male, lateral view; 61: E. turcmenorum Paramonov, male; 62: E. vestitus Bezzi, male; 63: Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius), female; 64: E. nuba (Wiedemann), male.

596


Wadi Wurayah, 1♂, 1♀, 2 ex., iv.2005–ii.2011. Wadi Wurayah farm, 1♀, 17–24.iii.2009. YEMEN: Sana’a, 6♂, 20♀, ii.1992–xii.2002.

Distribution: Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions, Asia. Within the Arabian Peninsula known from Saudi Arabia. These are the first records for the UAE. Eupeodes nuba (Wiedemann, 1830)

Plate 64

Syrphus nuba Wiedemann, 1830. – Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insecten, 2: 136. Specimens examined: UAE: Lake, 17 km SW of al-Ain, 1♂, 2♀, i.2011. Bithnah, 2♀, xii.2006–ii.2007. Khor al-Khwair, 1♂, 15–22.iii.2007. Sharjah, 1♀, 27.iv–5.vi.2005. Sharjah Desert Park, 2♂, 1♀, iii.2005–iv.2009. Wadi Maidaq, 1♂, 1♀, i.2006–ii.2007. Wadi Safad, 1 ex., 21.ii–4.iii.2006.

Distribution: Mediterranean part of the Palaearctic and eastern Africa. These are the first records for the UAE and the Arabian Peninsula. Genus Melanostoma Schiner, 1860 Provisional key to the Melanostoma species of the Arabian Peninsula 1 Facial tubercle with a medial vertical depression, splitting it to form a more or less double tubercle ................................................................................................. M. bituberculatum – Facial tubercle without a medial vertical depression, normal shaped ................................ 2 2 Male: Orange spots on third and fourth tergite connected, both tergites broader than long. Female: Face entirely dusted, including facial tubercle, dusting running up to halfway the frons, only slightly less densely dusted just above the antennae ................... M. annulipes – Male: Orange spots on third and fourth tergite clearly separated, both tergites longer than broad. Face dusted except for the facial tubercle, frons with only two triangular dust spots, clearly undusted just above the antennae ............................................................ M. scalare Melanostoma annulipes (Macquart, 1842)

Plate 65

Syrphus annulipes Macquart, 1842. – Mémoirs de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1841: 162. Melanostoma gymnocera Bigot, 1891. – Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 60: 375. – Ricardo, 1903; The Natural History of Sokotra and Abdel-Kuri: 369. (synonymy: Dirickx, 2001). Specimens examined: YEMEN, Socotra: Adho Demalu, 12 ex., 31.x–1.xi.2010. Wadi di-Negehen, 3♂, 1♀, 30.x.2011.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula only known from the island of Socotra. Melanostoma bituberculatum (Loew, 1858)

Plate 66

Syrphus bituberculatum Loew, 1858. – Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 14: 379. Melanostoma bituberculatum. – Kassebeer, 2000; Dipteron, 3: 174. ?Melanostoma sp. – Ricardo, 1903; The Natural History of Sokotra and Abdel-Kuri: 369. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Mabar, 6♂, 1♀, iv–v.1992. Ar-Rujum, 3♂, 16.x.2000–5.vi.2001. Sana’a, 1♂, 1♀, iv.1992.

Note: Ricardo records three males M. gymnocera (= M. annulipes) and one female of an unidentified Melansotoma which could belong to M. bituberculatum, though the only species recently collected on Socotra is M. annulipes. Distribution: Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula only known from Yemen.


597

Melanostoma scalare (Fabricius, 1794) Syrphus scalare Fabricius, 1794. – Entomologica systematica emendate et aucta, etc.: 308. Melanostoma scalare. – Kroschel, 1993; Plits, 11. No material examined.

Distribution: Widely spread in Europe, also recorded from several east African countries. Within the Arabian Peninsula only recorded from Yemen. Kroschel (1993) recorded this species from potato fields in the central highlands of Yemen. Whether or not these specimens actually belong to this Palaearctic species or rather to M. bituberculatum can only be verified by examining the specimens; unfortunately no specimens have been collected. Mesembrius africanus (Verrall, 1898) Helophilus africanus Verrall, 1898. – Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 416. Mesembrius senegalensis (Macquart, 1842). – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 418 No material examined.

Note: Verrall described this species from Yemen based on notes from the original collector J.W. Yerbury, but mentions that he thinks it is the same as M. senegalensis. He justifies the description by the fact that he had not been able to study Macquart’s type. The types have not been studied by us, thus the species remains under Verrall’s name in the checklist. Distribution: Originally described from Yemen, and one single record from Kenya (Dirickx, 1998). Genus Paragus Latreille, 1804 Provisional key to the Paragus species of the Arabian Peninsula 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 –

Eyes with vertical rows of dense hairs .............................................................................. 2 Eyes without vertical rows of dense hairs, hairs rather equally distributed over surface .. 5 Scutellum with hindmargin serrated. Abdominal segments more or less fused together .. 3 Scutellum with unserrated hindmargin. Abdominals segments not fused .... P. compeditus Adbomen predominantly black, lighter orange-yellow spot confined to center of second and third abdominal tergite ................................................................................. P. pusillus Abdomen more extensive orange, either entirely orange–brown or with darker or black bands ................................................................................................................................. 4 Large species. Thorax entirely uniformly golden-grey dusted ..................... P. binominalis Smaller species. Thorax with two longitudinal bands of white pruinescense diverging towards the scutellum ......................................................................................... P. azureus Abdomen constricted in the basal part ......................................................... P. longiventris Abdomen not constricted ................................................................................... P. cf. naso

Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus) longiventris Loew, 1858

Plate 67

Paragus longiventris Loew, 1858. – Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 14: 376. Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus) longiventris. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 413. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Al-Ghaydah, 1♂, 12–14.xi.1997. Al-Kadan, 1♀, xii.1997–ii.1998. AlLahima, 6♂, 4♀, x.2000–iii.2002. Lahj, 2♀, iii–xi.2000. 12 km NW of Manakhah, 3♂, 3♀, vii.2001– x.2003. Ar-Rujum, 1♂, x.2000–i.2001. Sana’a, 14♂, 15♀, ii.1992–v.2003. Suq Bani Mansour, 2♂, 4♀, xi–xii.2001. Ta’izz, 4♂, 3♀, x.1998–x.2001.

598


Distribution: Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula only known from Yemen. Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus) cf. naso Stuckenberg, 1954

Plates 68, 69

Paragus naso Stuckenberg, 1954a. – Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 49: 128. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Al-Kowd, 1♀, 1–14.ii.1993. Ar-Rujum, 1♀, iv–vi.2001. Sana’a, 1♂, 17♀, ii.1992–xi.2002.

Note: This species keys out to Paragus naso Stuckenberg, 1954, and is undoubtedly closely related, for it has the same protruding lower face (Stuckenberg, 1954a). There are, however, several slight morphological differences and the genitalia are different. Several species have been described since Stuckenberg’s key (Stuckenberg, 1954a). All these descriptions have been checked and none fits the male specimen perfectly. There is one older species that is excluded from Stuckenberg’s key which, judging by its name, Paragus nasutus Bezzi, 1920, meaning ‘with a large nose’, could be the same as our species. The original description however is insufficient to reveal its true identity (Bezzi, 1920). Therefore, we record the species here as ‘cf. naso’. Distribution of P. naso: Kenya and Tanzania. Paragus (s. str.) azureus Hull, 1949

Plate 70

Paragus (s. str.) azureus Hull, 1949. – Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12 (2): 729. Paragus (s. str.) azurea. – Stuckenberg, 1954b; Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105: 406 (misspelling). Paragus (s. str.) azureus ssp. scrupeus Stuckenberg, 1954. – Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105: 406 (synonym). Paragus (s. str.) serratus. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 413. – Ricardo, 1903; The Natural History of Sokotra and Abdel-Kuri: 368. – Becker, 1910; Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 71: 141 (misidentifications). Specimens examined: UAE: Al-Ajban, 1♀, 17–24.iv.2006. Mukhayam al-Seeh, 1♂, 6.ii.2011. YEMEN: Lahj, 1♂, xi.2000. YEMEN, Abd-el-Kuri: 1♀, 7.v.1967. YEMEN, Socotra: Adho Demalu, 5♂, 8♀, 24.iv.1967. Diksam, 1♂, 27.ii.2009. Hadiboh, 1 ex., 27.ii.2009. Hadibo plain, 4♂, 4♀, 11–30.iv.1967. Hoq Cave, 15 ex., 4.iii.2009. Momi, 1♀, 2.xi.2010. Ridah, Momi Plateau, 1♀, 24.ii.2009. Wadi Ayhaft, 3♂, 22–23.ii.2009. Wadi di-Negehen, 3♂, 2♀, 30.x–1.xi.2010. Wadi Kam, 1♂, 25.ii.2009. Wadi Zerik, 1♂, 10 ex., 21–27.ii.2009.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. Originally described from the island of Socotra. These are the first records from the UAE. Paragus (s. str.) binominalis Smit & Gutiérrez-Chacón, 2008

Plate 71

Paragus binominalis Smit & Gutiérrez-Chacón, 2008. – Zoologische Mededelingen, 82 (20): 212. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Holotype and paratypes: 5♂, 4♀, 12 km NW of Manakhah, vii.2001– viii.2003. 1♂, al-Lahima, x–xii.2000; 2♂, 2♀, Suq Bani Mansour, xi–xii.2001.

Distribution: Originally described from Yemen, and only known from the type-series. Paragus (s. str.) compeditus Wiedemann, 1830

Plate 73

Paragus compeditus Wiedemann, 1830. – Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten, 2: 89. Paragus compeditus. – Alsuhaibani, 1996; Journal of the King Saud University Agricultural Science: 8: 272. – Howarth, 2006; Tribulus, 16: 28. – Walker & Pittaway, 1987; Insects of Eastern Arabia: 107. Specimens examined: UAE: Lake, 17 km SW of al-Ain, 1♂, 1♀, 13.i.2011.

Distribution: Mediterranean part of the Palaearctic and into the Middle East. In the Arabian Peninsula recorded from Oman, Saudi Arabia and the UAE.


599

Plates 65–74. 65: Melanostoma annulipes (Macquart), male; 66: M. bituberculatum (Loew), male; 67: Paragus longiventris Loew, male; 68: P. cf. naso Stuckenberg, male; 69: P. cf. naso Stuckenberg, male, lateral view; 70: P. azureus Hull, male; 71: P. binominalis Smit & Gutiérrez-Chacón, male; 72: Phytomyia incisa (Wiedemann), male; 73: P. compeditus Wiedemann, male; 74: P. pusillus Stuckenberg, male.

600


Paragus (s. str.) pusillus Stuckenberg, 1954

Plates 74

Paragus pusillus Stuckenberg, 1954. – Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London: 105: 401. Specimens examined: UAE: Mukhayam al-Seeh, 1♂, 6.ii.2005. Wadi Shawkah, 1♂, i–ii.2008. Wadi Wurayah, 1♂, 12–14.iv.2005. YEMEN: Lahj, 1♀, x.2000. 12 km NW of Manakhah, 1♂, 8♀, vii.2001– x.2003. Suq Bani Mansour, 2♂, 2♀, xi–xii.2001.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. These are the first records for the UAE, Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Genus Phytomia Guérin-Méneville, 1833 Provisional key to the Phytomia species of the Arabian Peninsula 1 Scutum with a broad yellow band on anterior half, abdominal tergites with similar yellow bands, declining in width towards the tip of the abdomen .............................. P. natalensis – Scutum nor abdomen with such yellow bands, thorax entirely brown, only a small yellow mark in front of the scutellum. Abdomen black with a broad light brown band on second tergite, and a much smaller one on the third .......................................................... P. incisa Phytomia incisa (Wiedemann, 1830)

Plate 72

Eristalis incisa Wiedemann, 1830. – Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten, 2: 155. Material examined: YEMEN: Ta’izz, 1♂, x.2001.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. This is the first record for Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Phytomia natalensis (Macquart, 1850) Eristalis natalensis Macquart, 1850 – Mémoirs de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1849: 438. Eristalis natalensis. – Becker, 1910; Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 71: 141. No material has recently been collected.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula known from Yemen. Pseudodoros nigricollis Becker, 1903

Plate 79

Pseudodoros nigricollis Becker, 1903. – Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2: 92. Material examined: UAE: Al-Ajban, 3♂, ii–iii.2006.

Distribution: Afrotropical region up to Egypt and Israel. These is the first record for the UAE and the Arabian Peninsula. Scaeva albomaculata (Macquart, 1842)

Plate 76

Syrphus albomaculata Macquart, 1842. – Mémoirs de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1841: 146. Eupeodes luniger (Meigen, 1822). – Gillett & Howarth, 2004; Jebel Hafit, a Natural History: 140. – Howarth, 2006; Tribulus, 16: 28. Metasyrphus luniger Meigen, 1822. – Gillett & Gillett, 2002; Tribulus 12: 15. – Walker & Pittaway, 1987; Insects of Eastern Arabia: 107. Specimens examined: UAE: Fujairah, 1♂, 18–19.iv.2006. Hatta, 2♂, 1♀, 8–26.iv.2006. 1♂, 1♀, Sharjah Desert Park, ii.2005–iii.2007. Sharjah–Khor Kalba, near tunnel, 13♂, 10♀, 17–18.iv.2006. Wadi Bih dam, 1♀, 1–19.i.2010; Wadi Maidaq, 1♂, 4♀, i–vi.2006; Wadi Safad, 1♂, 1♀, 15– 22.iv.2006. Wadi Wurayah, 1♀, 10–16.xii.2006. YEMEN: Sana’a, 1♀, iii–iv.1999.


601

Distribution: Southern Palaearctic, mainly Mediterranean, east to China. Within the Arabian Peninsula recorded from Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the UAE (Walker & Pittaway, 1987). These is the first record from Yemen. Simoides crassipes (Fabricius, 1805)

Plate 78

Eristalis crassipes Fabricius, 1805. – Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, etc.: 237. Simoides crassipes. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 416. Specimens examined: YEMEN: 12 km NW of Manakhah, 1♂, vii–viii.2001.

Distribution: Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula known from Yemen. Simosyrphus aegyptius (Wiedemann, 1830)

Plates 75, 80

Syrphus aegyptius Wiedemann, 1830. – Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten, 2: 133. Syrphus aegyptius. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 414. – Ricardo, 1903; The Natural History of Sokotra and Abdel-Kuri: 369. Ischiodon aegyptius. – Kroschel, 1993; Plits, 11. Sphaerophoria scutellaris. – Becker, 1910; Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 71: 141 (misidentification). Xanthogramma aegyptium. – Alsuhaibani, 1996; Journal of the King Saud University Agricultural Science, 8: 272. Specimens examined: UAE: Al-Ajban, 1♂, 4♀, xi.2005–xii.2006. Jebel Jibir, 2 ex., 27.iii.2007. Khor al-Khwair, 4♂, 3♀, ii–vi.2007. Mukhayam al-Seeh, 1♀, 6.ii.2011. Mahafiz, 1♀, xii.2005–ii.2006; Mahafiz, desert farm, 1♀, i.2011; near Mahafiz, ♂, ii–iii.2011. NARC, near Sweihan, 1♀, iii–iv.2005. Sharjah, 2 ex., 1–2.iii.2006. Sharjah Desert Park, 61♂, 37♀, iii.2005–iv.2009. Wadi Bih dam, 24♂, 2♀, 4 ex., iii.2007–i.2010. Wadi Maidaq, 8♂, 3♀, 5 ex., i.2006–ii.2008. Wadi Maidaq / Wadi al-Hayl, 1♂, 9.ii.2011. Wadi Shawkah, 1♂, 1♀, 1 ex., iii.2007–iii.2010. Wadi Wurayah, 1♂, 1♀, 8.iii.2009. Wadi Wurayah farm, 5♂, 7♀, 17–24.iii.2009. YEMEN: Al-Kadan, 2♀, xii.1997–ii.1998. Al-Kowd, 7♂, 5♀, x.1992–vii.2000. Al-Mukalla, 1♂, 1♀, viii–x.2003. Al-Mahra, Ra’s Fartak, 1♀, 1.ix.2002. Al-Mahra, Ka’ab, 1♂, 27.viii.2002. Ar-Rujum, 1♀, iv–vi.2001. Ghail Ba Wazir, 2♂, 1♀, xi–xii.2002. Lahj, 4♂, 4♀, 17.v–xii.2000. 12 km NW of Manakhah, 9♀, vii.2001–viii.2003. Qa al-Boun, 1♂, 7♀, 6–24.ii.1991. Sana’a, 4♂, 3♀, iii.1992–iv.1998. Suq Bani Mansour, 1♀, xi–xii.2001. Ta’izz, 1♂, i.2000. YEMEN, Socotra: Adho Demalu, 3♀, 30–31.x.2010. Hadibo, 1♂, 27.ii.2009. Hadibo plain, 1♂, 1♀, 31.iv.1967. Hoq Cave, 2♂, 1♀, 4.ii.2009. Shu'ab, 1♂, 1.iii.2009. Wadi Kam, 3♂, 1♀, 25.ii.2009. Wadi di-Negehen, 1♂, 2♀, 1 ex., 30.x–1.xi.2010. Wadi Mahabat, 1♂, 25.ii.2009. Wadi Zerik, 1♂, 6.xi.2010.

Distribution: Mediterranean part of the Palaearctic, eastwards to Iran and Afrotropical region. Within the Arabian Peninsula known from Saudi Arabia. These are the first records for the UAE. Genus Sphaerophoria Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 Provisional key to the Sphaerophoria species of the Arabian Peninsula 1 Scutum with yellow lateral stripe only reaching to the suture. Abdomen in male slightly constricted. Smaller species: 5–8 mm .............................................................. S. rueppellii – Scutum with yellow lateral stripe reaching to base of scutellum. Abdomen not constricted. Larger species: 7–12 mm. Unique character for the males among the known Palaearctic and Oriental Sphaerophoria species: Toothed lobe of surstylus with a distinct patch of bristles on the inner side ............................................................................... S. bengalensis Sphaerophoria bengalensis Macquart, 1842

Plate 77

Sphaerophoria bengalensis Macquart, 1842. – Mémoirs de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1841: 104.

602


Plate 75. Simosyrphus aegyptius (Wiedemann), male, with pollen of Eastern Marsh Helleborine, Epipactis veratrifolia, on its back; Wadi Wurayah. (Photograph Mathias Jaschhof)

Specimens examined: UAE: Al-Alban, 2♀, ii–iii.2006. Al-Jazirat al-Hamra, 1♂, 8.iii.2005. Bitnah, 2♀, xi.2006–ii.2007. N of Ajman, 1♀, 15–16.iii.2009. Near Mahafiz, 1♀, iv–v.2006. Sharjah Desert Park, 1♂, 2♀, 9–21.iii.2005. Sharjah–Khor Kalba, near tunnel, 1♂, 1♀, 24.iii.2010. Um al-Quwain, 1♂, 18.iii.2010. Wadi Bih Dam, 3♂, 3♀, iii–xii.2009. Wadi Maidaq, 2♂, 3♀, xi.2005–ii.2007. Wadi Maidaq / Wadi al-Hayl, 3♂, 2♀, 9.ii.2009. Wadi Wurayah, 1♀, 7.ii.2011.

Distribution: India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Pakistan & Turkmenistan. According to Ghorpadé (2013) who synonymized S. turkmenica Bankowska, 1964, with S. bengalensis, it is a transHimalayan species, descending to lower altitudes in winter time. In the Arabian Peninsula recorded from Oman according to Speight (2013), for which the original reference could not be traced. These are the first records for the UAE. Sphaerophoria rueppellii (Wiedemann, 1830)

Plate 81

Syrphus rueppellii Wiedemann, 1830. – Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten, 2: 141. Sphaerophoria calceolata var. oleandri. – Becker, 1910; Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 71: 141 (synonym). Sphaerophoria rueppellii. – Kroschel, 1993; Plits, 11. ?Sphaerophoria sp. – Howarth, 2006; Tribulus, 16: 28. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Dhamar, 3♂, 1♀, 5.iii.1991. Al-Kowd, 1♀, x–xi.1992. Lahj, 2♀, x.1998–v.2002. Mabar, 3♂, 3♀, iv–v.1992. Qa al-Boun, 3♂, 7♀, 1–24.ii.1991. Sana’a, 7♂, 10♀, ii.1991–vii.1998. Suq Bani Mansour, 1♀, 3.iii.1991. Ta’izz, 2♂, 2♀, i.1998–ix.2000.

Distribution: West Palaearctic and northeast Africa. Within the Arabian Peninsula only known from Yemen.


603

Plates 76–80. 76: Scaeva albomaculata (Macquart), female; 77: Sphaerophoria bengalensis Macquart, male; 78: Simoides crassipes (Fabricius), male; 79: Pseudodoros nigricollis Becker, male; 80: Simosyrphus aegyptius Wiedemann, female.

604


Genus Syritta Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 El-Hawagry et al. (2013) record a Chalcosyrphus sp. from Saudi Arabia, which we discard as a probable misidentification of a Syritta species. Both genera are superficially very similar and the latter is present with at least four species, some of which quite common, whereas Chalcosyrphus Curran, 1925, does not occur in the Afrotropical region and is not known from any country from the Arabian Peninsula. Neither has it been found in Egypt, Israel nor Jordan, some neighboring countries with some research on hover flies (Kaplan, 1975; Waitzbauer & Katbeh-Bader, 2002). It has been recorded in Turkey where it has been collected in a forested area, the larvae are saproxylic (Reemer & Smit, 2007). El-Hawagry does mention whether the areas they have surveyed do contain forests, which would make the record of Chalcosyrphus sp. a bit more likely, but for the fact that they have not encountered any specimens of Syritta. Therefore, we do not maintain Chalcosyrphus on the list of hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula, as it is probably a misidentified species of Syritta. Provisional key to the Syritta species of the Arabian Peninsula 1 Vena spuria distinctly present, more or less as distinct as neighbouring veins .................. 2 – Vena spuria indistinct or absent ......................................................................................... 3 2 Smaller species, vena spuria slightly less distinct as neighbouring veins. Hind tibia with the anteroventral carina continuous .................................................................... S. fasciata – Larger species, vena spuria as distinct as neighbouring veins. Hind tibia anteroventral carina with a break in the middle, with a low crossing lamina on ventral surface at 1/3 from apex ..................................................................................................... S. leucopleura 3 Hind femora anteroventrally with a tooth-like process, carrying some small setae. Hind tarsomeres of normal subcylindrical shape. Somewhat smaller species: 6–8 mm ................ ....................................................................................................................... S. flaviventris – Hind femora anteroventrally without a tooth-like process. Hind tarsomeres dilated and broadened. Somewhat larger species: 7–9 mm ............................................... S. latitarsata Syritta fasciata (Wiedemann, 1830)

Plate 82

Xylota fasciata Wiedemann, 1830. – Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten, 2: 103. Syritta fasciata. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 421. – Lyneborg & Barkemeyer, 2005; Entomonograph, 15: 98. Specimens examined: UAE: Near Munay, 1♀, 14.iii.2010. Wadi Bih dam, 2 specimens, ii–iii.2009. Wadi Shawkah, 2♂, 10.ii.2010. YEMEN: Hadramaut, 1♂, 13.ix.2002. Lahj, 1♂, x.2000. 12 km NW of Manakhah, 3♂, 2♀, vii.2001–x.2003. Ar-Rujum, 3♂, iv–vi.2001. Sana’a, 4♂, 2♀, v.1992–v.1999.

Distribution: Afrotropical region, Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, east to Iran and NW India. Within the Arabian Peninsula known from the UAE and Yemen. Syritta flaviventris Macquart, 1842

Plate 83

Syritta flaviventris Macquart, 1842. – Mémoirs de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1841: 135. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Al-Kowd, 1♂, x–xi.1992. Sana’a, 1♂, ix.1992.

Distribution: Mediterranean part of the Palaearctic, Afrotropical region up to Lebanon, Syria and Iran, introduced to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. These are the first records for Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. Syritta latitarsata Macquart, 1842

Plate 84

Syritta latitarsata Macquart, 1842. – Mémoirs de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Arts de Lille, 1841: 135.


605

Plates 81–85. 81: Sphaerophoria rueppellii (Wiedemann), male; 82: Syritta fasciata (Wiedemann), male; 83: S. flaviventris Macquart, male; 84: S. latitarsata Macquart, male; 85: S. leucopleura Bigot, male.

Syritta latitarsata. – Verrall, 1898; Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1898: 419. Specimens examined: UAE: Al-Ajban, 4♂, 9♀, ii.2005–vi.2006. YEMEN: Al-Kadan, 1♀, xii.1997– ii.1998. Al-Kowd, 43♂, 32♀, x.1992–ix.2003. Al-Mukalla, 1♂, 7.viii.2003.

Distribution: Afrotropical region, Egypt, Arabian Peninsula, Israel and Pakistan. Within the Arabian Peninsula known from the UAE and Yemen. Syritta leucopleura Bigot, 1859

Plate 85

Syritta leucopleura Bigot, 1859. – Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, (2) 11: 437. Specimens examined: YEMEN: Al-Kowd, 1♂, 2♀, x.1992–viii.2001. YEMEN, Socotra: Di-Hashus, 1 specimen, 26.ii.2009. Ridah, Momi Plateau, 1♀, 24.ii.2009. Wadi Ayhaft, 1♂, 22.ii.2009. Wadi Mahabat, 1♀, 25.ii.2009.

606


Distribution: Afrotropical region. These are the first record for Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We want to thank Kees van Achterberg (RMNH, Leiden, the Netherlands), Ben Brugge (ZMAN, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Marc de Meyer (MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium), Menno Reemer (Leiden, the Netherlands) and Nigel Wyatt (BMNH, London, United Kingdom) for providing the opportunity to study several African species in their collection. We thank Yngve Brodin (NRS, Stockholm, Sweden), Giuliano Doria (MCSNG, Genova, Italy), Martin Hauser (Sacramento, USA), Burgert Muller (NMP, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa) and Thomas Pape & Mikkel Høegh Post (UZMC, Copenhagen, Denmark) for providing photos of several Eumerus types. Thanks are due to Mr. Ahmed Seif Al Absi and Mr. Mohamed Mahyoub (Sana’a), to Dr. Ahmed Awad and Abdul Rahman Al Yarimi (Ta’izz), Mr. Ali Mohamed Hager (al-Mahwit), Mr. Saleh Al Haruri (Ja’ar), Dr. Momammed Hubaishan (al-Mukalla), Dr. Haithami Massoud Naser (al-Kadan) and Dr. Ahmed Sallam (Aden) for their assistance with the operation of the trap system in Yemen. The third author wishes to thank Ahmed Saeed Suleiman (Environmental Protection Authority, Socotra Island) for his help and assistance during the field trips and the Uyttenboogaart-Eliasen Foundation for financial support (SUB.2008.12.02, SUB.2010.05.09). We thank John Deeming (Cardiff, UK) for the improvement of the English and Martin Ebejer (Cardiff, UK) for the very valuable comments on the manuscript. REFERENCES Alsuhaibani, A.M. (1996): Entomofauna of Alfalfa in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the King Saud University Agricultural Science, 8 (2): 269–277. Becker, T. (1903): Ägyptische Dipteren. Gesammelt und beschrieben. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 2: 81–93. Becker, T. (1910): Dipteren aus Südarabien und von der Insel Sokotra. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 71: 131–160. Becker, T. & P. Stein (1913): Persische Dipteren von den Expedition des Herrn N. Zarudny 1898 und 1901. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l’Académie des Sciences de Russie, St. Pétersbourg, 17: 503–654. Bezzi, M. (1915): The Syrphidae of the Ethiopian region based on material in the collection of the Britsh Museum (Natural History), with descriptions of new genera and species. British Museum, 146 pp. Bezzi, M. (1920): Syrphidae aethiopicae Musei Nationalis Hungarici. Broteria, 18: 131–142. Collin, J.E. (1949): Results of the Armstrong college expedition to Siwa Oasis (Lybian Desert), 1935, under the leadership of Prof. J. Omer-Cooper. Diptera Empididae, Dolichopodidae, Aschiza and Acalypterae. Bulletin de la Société Fouad Ier d’Entomologie, Cairo, 33: 175–225 Curran, C.H. (1938): Records and descriptions of African Syrphidae. I (Diptera). America Museum Novitates, 1009: 1–15. Curran, C.H. (1939): Records and descriptions of African Syrphidae. IV (Diptera). American Museum Novitates, 1026: 1–10. Dirickx, H.G. (1998): Catalogue Synonymique et Géographique des Syrphidae (Diptera) de la Région Afrotropicale. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, II: 1–187.


607

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Authors’ addresses: J.T. Smit, European Invertebrate Survey – the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] A. van Harten, Rua Claudio José de Moura, 26, 7450 270 Vaiamonte, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] R. Ketelaar, Wilslaan 27, 6708 RW Wageningen, the Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected]


609

Appendix 1: Locality details. Locality UAE

Coordinates

Alt. Legator

Methods

7 km S al-Jazirat al- 25°40'N 55°45'E Hamra Al-Ajban 24°36'N 55°01'E

A. van Harten

hand-netting

A. van Harten

Ar-Rafah Bithnah Fujairah Hatta Jebel Hafit Jebel Jibir

A. van Harten A. van Harten A. van Harten A. van Harten C. Schmid-Egger A. Stark

light trap, Malaisetrap water trap Malaise-trap light trap light trap water trap hand-netting

A. van Harten C. Schmid-Egger

light trap hand-netting

C. Schmid-Egger

hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting water trap

NARC, near Sweihan 24°24'N 55°26'E near Mahafiz 25°09'N 55°48'E

C. Schmid-Egger R. van der Weele A. van Harten & C. SchmidEgger A. van Harten A. van Harten & K. Mahmood

near Munay Qurrayah Sharjah

K. Mahmood F. Menzel & A. Stark A. van Harten & C. Gielis

25°43'N 55°52'E 25°10'N 56°14'E 25°08'N 56°21'E 24°49'N 56°07'E 24°03'N 55°46'E 25°39.01'N 56°07.23'E Khor al-Khwair 25°57'N 56°03'E Lake, 17 km SW al- 24°09'N 55°63'E Ain Liwa, 5 km E of 23°08'N 53°47'E Masseirah Mahafiz, desert farm 25°20'N 54°00'E Mukhayam al-Seeh N of Ajman 25°26'N 55°29'E

24.95°N 56.15°E 25°14'N 56°21'E 25°21'N 55°24'E

Sharjah Desert Park 25°17'N 55°42'E

A. van Harten, M. Fibiger, M. Hauser & C. Schmid–Egger

Sharjah–Khor Kalba, near tunnel Sharjah–Khor Kalba, near tunnel Shawkah Um al-Quwain

24°59'N 56°14'E

K. Mahmood

24°59'N 56°09'E

A. van Harten& M. Fibiger

Wadi al-Hayl Wadi Bih dam

25°06'N 56°13'E 25°48'N 56°04'E

Wadi Madhah Wadi Maidaq

25°16'N 56°16'E 25°18'N 56°07'E

25°06'N 56°01'E 25°31'N 55°32'E

light trap light trap, handnetting hand-netting sweep-netting hand-netting, light trap light trap, Malaisetrap, pitfall trap, water trap hand-netting

Malaise-trap, light trap, hand-netting R. van der Weele hand-netting C. Schmid-Egger & K. water trap, handMahmood netting R. van der Weele handnetting A. van Harten, C. Schmid-Egger light trap, Malaisetrap, water trap M. Hauser hand-netting A. van Harten, M. Fibiger & R. Berlese funnel, light van der Weele trap, Malaise-trap, water trap, handnetting

610


Locality Wadi Safad

Coordinates Alt. Legator 25°13'N 56°19'E A. van Harten, F. Menzel & A. Stark

Methods light trap, water trap, hand-netting

Wadi Shawkah

25°06'N 56°01'E

water trap, handnetting

Wadi Siji Wadi Wurayah

25°09'N 56°02'E 25°24'N 56°17'E

Wadi Wurayah farm 25°23'N 56°19'E

A. van Harten, F. Menzel, K. Mahmood , C. Schmid-Egger & R. van der Weele A. van Harten A. van Harten, C. Tourenq, M. Jaschhof, K. Mahmood & R. van der Weele A. van Harten

water trap Malaise-trap, water trap, hand-netting Malaise-trap

Yemen 12 km NW of Manakhah Al-Ghaydah Al-Kadan

15°05'N 43°42'E 1500 A. van Harten

Malaise-trap

16.25°N 52.17°E 15°16'N 43°12'E 200

Al-Kowd Al-Lahima Al-Mukalla Al-Mahra, northern Fartak Mts. Al-Mahra, NW of Ka'ab Al-Mahra, Sharuf Ar-Rujum Dhamar Ghail Ba Wazir Hadramout, Kor Seiban, summit Plateau Lahj

13°05'N 45°22'E A. van Harten & S. Al Haruri 15°24'N 43°32'E 1200 A. van Harten 14°32'N 49°08'E A. van Harten & M. Hubeishan 17°00'N 51°00'E 650 Kreisch

hand-netting light trap, Malaisetrap, hand-netting Malaise-trap Malaise-trap light trap hand-netting

17°00'N 51°00'E 300

Kreisch

hand-netting

17°00'N 51°00'E 380 15°26'N 43°40'E 1900 14.56°N 44.44°E 14.77°N 49.38°E 14°50'N 48°49'E 1940

Kreisch A. van Harten A. van Harten A. van Harten Kreisch

hand-netting Malaise-trap hand-netting Malaise-trap hand-netting

13°04'N 44°53'E 150

A. van Harten

Mabar

14.79°N 44.31°E

M. Mahyoub & A. Drew

Qa al-Boun

14.68°N 44.41°E

A. van Harten & M. Mahyoub

Sana'a

15°21'N 44°13'E 2300 A. van Harten & M. Mahyoub

Suq Bani Mansour Ta'izz

15°06'N 43°50'E 1500 A. van Harten 13°35'N 44°02'E 1400 A. van Harten

Malaise-trap, handnetting light trap, Malaisetrap, hand-netting Malaise-trap, handnetting light trap, Malaisetrap, hand-netting Malaise-trap light trap

A. Sallam A. van Harten


Locality

Coordinates

611

Alt. Legator

Methods

0

K. Guichard

hand-netting

R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix K. Guichard, R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix K. Guichard R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix R. Ketelaar, J.H. Bouwman, R.F.F.L. Felix & R.P.W.H. Felix

hand-netting

Yemen, Abd-el-Kuri Coast Yemen, Socotra Adho Demalu, top of 12.57224°N pass 54.04697°E Adho Demalu 12.56772°N 54.04331°E Di-Hashus Diksam Hadiboh Hadibo plains Hoq Cave

12.51847°N 53.98720°E 12.51629°N 53.94633°E 12.69091°N 54.09335°E

12.58773°N 54.35452°E Momi 12.48509°N 54.39809°E Ridah, Momi Plateau 12.52943°N 54.29493°E Shu'ab 12.57798°N 53.40028°E Wadi Ayhaft 12.61152°N 53.96475°E Wadi di-Negehen 12.58549°N 54.05082°E Wadi Irih 12.39036°N 53.99732°E Wadi Kam 12.68521°N 54.13169°E Wadi Mahabat 12.63775°N 54.14994°E Wadi Qalansiyah 12.68423°N 53.49050°E Wadi Shilliyin 12.52755°N 54.24860°E Wadi Zerik 12.49315°N 53.99139°E

hand-netting

hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting hand-netting

612


Appendix 2: Checklist of the hoverflies of the Arabian Peninsula.

Allobaccha sapphirina Allograpta calopus Asarkina africana Betasyrphus adligatus Chrysotoxum continum Episyrphus balteatus Eristalinus aeneus E. flaveolus E. megacephalus E. quinquelineatus E. tabanoides E. taeniops Eumerus amoenus E. charmatus sp. nov. E. cistanchei E. sp. nr. erythrocerus E. incilis sp. nov. E. lacertosus sp. nov. E. lucidus E. obliquus E. punctifrons E. SOC-01 E. turcmenorum E. vestitus Eupeodes corollae E. nuba Melanostoma annulipes M. bituberculatum M. scalare Mesembrinus africanus Paragus azureus P. binominalis P. compeditus P. longiventris P. cf. naso P. pusillus Phytomia incisa P. natalensis Pseudodoros nigricollis Scaeva albomaculata Simoides crassipes Simosyrphus aegyptius Sphaerophoria bengalensis S. rueppellii Syritta fasciata S. flaviventris S. latitarsata S. leucopleura

KU – – – – – – x – x – x – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – x – – – – – – – –

BA – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

QA – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

UAE – – – – – x x – x – x x – – x – x x – – x – x x x x – – – – x – x – – – – – x x – x x – x – x –

OM – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – x – – – – – – – – – x – – – – –

YE x x x x x – x x x x x x x x – x – x x x x – – x x – – x ?x x x x – x x – x x – x x x – x x x x x

YS – – x – – – – – – – x x – – – – – – – x – x – – – – x – – – x – – – – – – – – – – x – – – – – x

YA – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – x – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

SA – – – – – – x – x – x – – – – – – – – – – – – – x – – – – – – – x – – – – – – x – x – – – – – –

KU = Kuwait; BA = Bahrain; QA = Qatar; UAE = United Arab Emirates; OM = Oman; YE = Yemen; YS = Yemen, Socotra; YA = Yemen, Abd-el-Kuri; SA = Saudi Arabia.