original articles
Annals of Oncology
Annals of Oncology 23: 374–382, 2012 doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr120 Published online 2 May 2011
Alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis in the International Pancreatic Cancer Case–Control Consortium (PanC4) E. Lucenteforte1,2, C. La Vecchia1,2, D. Silverman3, G. M. Petersen4, P. M. Bracci5, B. T. Ji3, C. Bosetti1, D. Li6, S. Gallinger7, A. B. Miller8, H. B. Bueno-de-Mesquita9,10, R. Talamini11, J. Polesel11, P. Ghadirian12, P. A. Baghurst13, W. Zatonski14, E. Fontham15, W. R. Bamlet4, E. A. Holly5, Y. T. Gao16, E. Negri1, M. Hassan6, M. Cotterchio8,17, J. Su3, P. Maisonneuve18, P. Boffetta19,20* & E. J. Duell21,22 1 Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘‘Mario Negri’’ Milan; 2Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 3National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; 4Mayo Clinic, Rochester; 5University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco; 6MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; 7Toronto General Hospital; 8Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 9National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven; 10Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands; 11Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) – National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy; 12Epidemiology Research Unit, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada; 13Public Health, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; 14Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; 15 Louisiana State University, New Orleans, USA; 16Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China; 17Population Studies and Surveillance, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada; 18European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; 19International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France; 20The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA; 21International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; 22Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
Received 10 June 2011; revised 25 February 2011; accepted 28 February 2011
Background: Heavy alcohol drinking has been related to pancreatic cancer, but the issue is still unsolved. Methods: To evaluate the role of alcohol consumption in relation to pancreatic cancer, we conducted a pooled analysis of 10 case–control studies (5585 cases and 11 827 controls) participating in the International Pancreatic Cancer Case–Control Consortium. We computed pooled odds ratios (ORs) by estimating study-specific ORs adjusted *Correspondence to: Dr P. Boffetta, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel: +1-2128247073; Fax: +1-212-9960407; E-mail:
[email protected]
ª The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email:
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original articles
Annals of Oncology
for selected covariates and pooling them using random effects models. Results: Compared with abstainers and occasional drinkers (
