It is 60 years since the Outer Space Treaty came into force. ... by the USA & Luxembourg allowing the mining of mineral & other resources in space, the.
5 TREATIES, 5 SETS OF PRINCIPLES & 5 RESOLUTIONS BENEFITS & APPLICATIONS o Outer Space Treaty 1967 o Remote Sensing & Development o Moon Treaty 1979 o Data Sharing o Developing Countries o Data & Telecommunications o Remote Sensing o Disaster Management o Cooperation o Technology Transfer o Nuclear Power sources SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES o Sovereign non-appropriation O UTER OUTER SPACE, UN 2030, & PARIS o Common Heritage of Mankind S PACE L AW o Applicability to off-Earth environments? o Environmental protection o Contribution of Space-based Mineral o Shared access to resources Resources? o Non-militarization o USA (2015), Luxembourg (2016) Space Acts o Mutual Assistance o Conflict of Domestic & International space law o Is 2030 viable? SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY IN SPACE o Hostile environment o Essential for survival o Husbanding Resources o Recycling Resources o Minimising Waste o Air, Water, Cooperation
ENVIRONMENT
OUTER SPACE RESOURCES MINING
SPACE LAW, PARIS & UN 2030 Metalaw, Cosmocentrism, & environmental protection and preservation Mining is destructive Loss of unique habitats & environments off-Earth Ecuador’s constitution protects eco-system
o o o o
o o o o o
PARIS
AGREEMENT
o o INDUSTRY & INFRASTRUCTURE o o o Manufacture o o single-use/reusable launch & return vehicles (Earth) o o Spaceports & launch facilities (Earth, in space) o
o o o o o
Traffic (orbital & atmosphere) Obsolescence and debris (orbital, deep space) Graveyards (orbital and South Pacific) Pollution (atmospheric, chemical) Contamination on & off Earth (biological, nuclear)
MINERAL RESOURCES Movable property Use and utilisation allowed (under debate) Import resources to Earth Export pollution and waste from Earth Off-Earth in-situ resource utilisation for colonisation and industry ASTEROID MINING ENTERPRISES Deep Space Industries Kepler Energy & Space Engineering Planetary Resources TransAstra Aten Engineering OffWorld SpaceFab.US
UN 2030
o o o o o o o o o o o o
MISSIONS TO ASTEROIDS OSIRIS-Rex (NASA, launched 2016) Hayabusa-2 (JAXA arriving 2018) Asteroid Redirect Mission (NASA, if funded, launch 2020) Fobos-Grunt 2 (Roskosmos, launch 2024) PAST MISSIONS ICE (USA & EU, 1985 - flyby) NEAR Shoemaker (USA, 1997 – orbit, 2001 - landing) Stardust (USA, 2006 – sample return) Suisei (Japan, 1986 - orbit) Hayabusa (Japan, orbit, landing, sample return) Rosetta (2014 – orbit & landing) Vega 1 (USSR, 1986 - flyby) Chang'e 2 (China, 2012 - flyby)
It is 60 years since the Outer Space Treaty came into force. Its successor treaties & UN resolutions covered questions of extraterrestrial resources, terrestrial environmental concerns & & the benefits of outer space to developing countries. Recent years have seen the enactment of legislation by the USA & Luxembourg allowing the mining of mineral & other resources in space, the publication the UN’s sustainable goals, & the Paris agreement. Apart from their applicability in Outer Space, how do these various documents interact, overlap or otherwise effect each other? What conflicts arise between application of Outer Space international law, national legislation, UN 2030 goals & the Paris agreement? Can any resolution be found, or is further legislation needed? keywords: space law, outer space, Paris agreement, UN 2030, sustaianbility, environment, mineral resources
MINING IN THE FUTURE: BRYAN LOVELL MEETING 2017 (GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON) 23-24 NOVEMBER 2017
