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Overview of Prefabricated Housing in Japan Jan.20.2015 JUDANREN (Japan Federation of Housing Organization) Junichi Goda 1
Contents
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
1 What’s prefabricated housing? 2 History 3 Construction results 4 Classification of construction methods 5 Characteristics 6 Construction of temporary houses in times of disasters 7 Future Direction 2
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
1 What’s prefabricated housing?
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1 What’s prefabricated housing?
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
Prefabricated housing is a system of producing housing structural members (columns, beams, roof trusses, walls and etc.) in a factory and assembling them on the building site. →Quality control + Reduction of constructing term
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Prefabricated Housing in Japan
2 History
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2 History -1
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
After WWⅡ House Shortage was about 4.2 million units →the need to promote construction of many houses. 1960s • Japan Housing Corporation and some construction companies collaboratively developed middle-rise housing with PC (Precast Concrete Panel) methods. • Government made standard housing plans for public housing →Those methods enabled public housing to construct many houses.
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2 History-2
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
1960s(continue) ・Many companies joined housing business. ・Some of the companies developed new housing system and began to sell people detached low-rise prefab houses.
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2 History-3
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
1970s • Various PC methods were developed for better design and high-rise buildings. • Government made some development projects for prefab housing of better performance and lower cost. • Government started the assessment system of prefab housing for customers.
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2 History-4
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
1980s-1990s • JPA (Japan Prefab Construction Suppliers &Manufacturers Association) started PC component quality certification project and PC structure inspection system. • In 1995 the Great Hanshin Earthquake occurred, when it was proved publicly that prefab houses were very tough against the big earthquake.
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2 History-5
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
2000s• JPA started the system for certifying qualifications of PC construction management engineers. • Some prefab housing companies started overseas projects, such as in China, southeast Asia, Australia and the US. • Prefab housing companies have focused on high performance -- resistance against earthquakes, energy-efficiency, design for elderly residents, and durability.
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Prefabricated Housing in Japan
3 Construction results
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3 Construction results-1
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
1963 - 2014 about 9 million prefabricated houses have been constructed in Japan. Constructed Units(1963-2014) Total 9,097thousand
concrete , 1,605
tend of annual construction
wooden, 1,534
Iron &steel, 5,958 ↑ Peak year 1993
3 Construction results-2
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
Recently around 150,000 prefabricated houses are constructed annually in Japan. Years Prefabricated houses All houses
Ratio
recent annual construction (prefab and non-prefab)
units
ratio
(constructed units) (constructed units) % 2004
159,930
1,189,049
13.5
2005
156,254
1,236,175
12.6
2006
160,347
1,290,391
12.4
2007
145,360
1,060,741
13.7
2008
154,427
1,093,519
14.1
2009
125,924
788,410
16.0
2010
126,770
813,126
15.6
2011
126,770
834,117
15.2
2012
132,244
882,797
15.0
2013
146,402
980,025
14.9
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
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Prefabricated Housing in Japan
4 Classification of construction methods
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4 Classification of construction methods-1
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
A Iron & steel prefab housing
B Unit prefab housing A
B
C
D
C Wooden prefab housing
D Concrete prefab housing 15
4 Classification of construction methods-2
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
A Iron & steel prefab housing Steel frame comprises the main structural members, using wall panels with steelframe columns and beams. Production in factory →
Work on building site
→
Completion
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4 Classification of construction methods-3
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
B Unit prefab housing Modules (units) made with frames of steel or wood are produced at the factory and connected together at the construction site. Interior items are installed at the factory. →The ratio of industrial production is very high. Production in factory ↓
Work on building site
→
Completion
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4 Classification of construction methods-4
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
C Wooden prefab housing The structural members are panels and other items made of wood. Production in factory
→
Work on building site
→
Completion
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4 Classification of construction methods-5
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
D Concrete prefab housing The main structural members are PC panels and other PC components. It is used for low-rise housing as well as middle and high-rise housing. Production in factory ↓
Work on building site
→
Completion
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Prefabricated Housing in Japan
5 Characteristics
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5 Characteristics-1
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
A There is no deviation in quality and a high degree of precision is achieved. -strict quality control in the factory using cutting-edge technologies such as computers and robots.
B Simple and high quality of construction work is done on building site, because components are standardized.
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5 Characteristics-2
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
C Construction period is shortened largely. - not to depend on workmen’s skill. little construction work on site. Customers can get their home earlier. D The reduction of the construction cost can be realized. - mass purchase of materials and production standardized construction work. E Valuable technologies and performances can be adopted easily. - Technologies and performances that are hard to adopt on construction site can be adopt easily in the factory, such as special processing and painting. 22
Examples of prefabricated houses in Japan
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Prefabricated Housing in Japan
6 Construction of temporary houses in times of disasters
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6 Construction of temporary houses in times of disasters-1 Prefabricated Housing in Japan
・We construct temporary housing for victims of disaster on the basis of request from the governor of each prefecture. -recently Great Hanshin Earthquake, Mt. Usu eruption, Great East Japan Earthquake ・ JPA has agreements with all of Japan’s 47 prefectures on construction of temporary houses in times of disaster.
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6 Construction of temporary houses in times of disasters-2 Prefabricated Housing in Japan Year area
disaster
construction units
2012 Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba, Nagano
Great East Japan Earthquake
2007 Ishikawa
Noto peninsula earthquake
2007 Niigata
Niigata Chuetu offshore earthquake
2005 Fukuoka
Fukuoka west offshore earthquake
230
2004 Niigata
Niigata heavy rain
400
2004 Niigata
Niigata Chuetsu earthquake
2000 Hokkaido
Mt. Usu eruption
1995 Hyogo, Osaka
Great Hanshin Earthquake
43,260 334 1,222
3,460 734 35,287 26
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
7 Future Direction
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7 Future Direction
Prefabricated Housing in Japan
A Contribution to global environment
B Design for elderly society A
B
C
D
C Longer longevity of houses
D safety against disasters 28
Thank you very much for your attention.
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