3rd International Meeting on Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean
OZONE AND NO2 MONITORING USING DIFFUSIVE SAMPLERS: First results of the 2010 summer campaign in the Turia river basin (Southeastern Iberian Peninsula) Núria CASTELL
(1) *,
Enrique MANTILLA (1) , Agnė Daukševičiūtė (2), Laura Téllez (1), Héctor ESPINÓS A. Luján Torres (1), Edita Baltrènaité (2) and Millán M. Millán
(1),
Tatiana GÓMEZ
(1),
Marta Doval
(1,3),
(1)
(1) Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Paterna, Valencia http://www.gva.es/ceam/ (2) Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania (3) Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
FIELD CAMPAIGNS
DIFFUSIVE SAMPLERS Diffusive samplers are able to fix a pollutant by chemical means without requiring a pump or electrical power.
- Turia river basin. 5 field campaigns along August 2010. 4376
RED COMPLETA (+cabinas).
4382
Methods
¾ Measurements were collected weekly. ¾ A total of two samplers were analysed for each point. ¾ Measurements gathered by the air quality network and meteorological towers were used to interpret the results.
- Valencia city. 9 field campaigns from December 2008 to July 2009.
R011B
4380
R001B
R002B
R004B
R005B
R016B
R017B
R010B
R008B
R012B
P001B R015B
4376
4374
4378
R009B
R006B R007B
R003B
R014B
P002B P003B
R013B
R021B R019B
R018B
R023B
R020B R022B
R024B
R031B
R026B
R025B
R027B R028B
R030B
R034B
R033B R032B
4374
R029B
P004B
R038B
R042B
R039B
R043B
R048B
R049B
R050B
R061B
R059B
R052B
R051B
R062B
R053B
R054B
R099B
R055B
R064B R063B
R065B
R060B
R066B
4366
R069B
P006B
R068B
4364
R077B
R074B
R073B
R070B
R072B
R076B
R075B
4368
P007B
4362
P008B
R079B
R080B
R082B
R081B
R084B
R085B
R083B
R086B
R088B
R087B
R095B R091B
4360
718
720
722
724
726
728
730
R097B
R098B
R094B
R092B
716
R096B
R093B
R089B
714
R090B
732
4366
UTM (km) Cabinas Automát icas de la Red de Vigilancia de la Calidad del Aire.
719
Emplazamiento de los Capt adores Pasivos (r ed regular).
Fig. 2: Pictures of diffusive samplers used in field campaigns for measuring O3.
R045B
R100B
R047B
R058B
R057B
R071B
Fig. 1: Pictures of diffusive samplers used in field campaigns for measuring NO2.
R044B
R036B
R046B
4370
4368
P005B
R041B
R040B
4372
4372 4370
UTM (km)
R037B
R035B
UTM (km)
Abstract
*Instituto Universitario CEAM-UMH, Charles R. Darwin 14, 46980-Paterna (Valencia), España; e-mail:
[email protected]
The Turia river basin is located in southeastern Spain and passes through the city of Valencia (814 208 inhabitants). Most of the NOx and VOC emissions in this area originate near the coast (more than 90%), and their main sources are vehicular traffic (56%) and maritime activities (35%) for NOx, and solvent use (68%) and vehicular traffic (23%) for NMVOC. During the summer, sea-breeze circulations allow the ozone precursors emitted mostly in the city of Valencia and its surroundings to penetrate throughout the Turia river basin, where ground-level ozone is formed by complex chemical reactions between NOx and VOC in the presence of sunlight. As a result, ozone pollution in the Turia river basin has become a serious environmental problem, evidenced by systematic exceedances of both the objective value for the protection of vegetation and the objective value for the protection of human health established in European Directive 2008/50/EC. The aim of the campaign was to investigate the possible presence of a gradient in the concentrations of both ozone precursors (NO2) and ozone itself along the natural transport path of the Turia river basin.
721
723
725
727
729
731
UTM (km)
Emplazamiento de los Captadores Pasivos (red periférica).
Fig. 3: Measurement points employed in the city of Valencia and in the Turia river basin. The figure also shows the stations from the Valencia air quality monitoring network.
NO2 MEASUREMENTS IN THE CITY OF VALENCIA (b)
(c)
4368
4368
58
4366
4366
719
109
91
88
97
107
87
98
4181
52 60
62
66
74
92
87 67
78
45
721
4375 4373
70
88 82
60
82
40
84
67 73
30 61
69
62 64 80
50
80
77
84
44
62
57
723
725
727
92
60
20
65
46
1 2 3 4 5 6
4374
79
95
50
88
80
729
10 0 731
719
720
721
722
723
724
Coordenadas UTM (uso 30)
UTM (km)
725 726 UTM (km)
727
728
729
730
731
Fig. 4: (a) Average NO2 gathered in the city of Valencia for the 9 field campaigns, (b) Spatial interpolation of the average NO2 concentrations in the Valencia metropolitan area, (c) Air quality zone in Valencia attending to the experimental measurements of NO2 (red squares represent the air quality monitoring network).
OZONE AND NO2 MEASUREMENTS IN THE TURIA RIVER BASIN
17.2
4400
Pt_4
24.5 112.6
106.8
Pt_5
Pt_3
33.5
44.8 Pt_2 40.7 51.8
38.0
680
690
700
66.9
710
720
Pt_4
23.8 57.9
42.8 Pt_3
39.2
55.7 Pt_2 32.4 60.1
Pt_1
4380
4380
Pt_1
21.6 4390
58.5 Pt_2 33.9 113.7
UTM (km)
Pt_5
Pt_3
27.6
Campaña III (10/08/12/07 al 10/08/19/09)
47.8
680
690
700
UTM (km)
60.8
710
Pt_1
4380
55.2 UTM (km)
22.6 83.9
4390
UTM (km)
4400
Pt_4
Pt_5
21.6
Campaña II (10/08/05/08 al 10/08/12/09)
4390
4400
Campaña I (10/07/29/08 al 10/08/05/10)
720
45.6
680
690
UTM (km)
700
710
58.6
720
UTM (km)
Campaña IV (10/08/19/07 al 10/08/26/10)
4400
Campaña V (10/08/26/07 al 10/09/01/08)
63.2
Pt_5
Pt_3
44.1 Pt_2 42.0 50.4 Pt_1
59.1
Pt_4
15.5 101.7
81.6 Pt_3
33.6
76.9 Pt_2 39.3 102.5
53.8
690
700
710
4405
53.8
112.0
720
UTM (km)
680
690
700
710
720
UTM (km)
Niveles promedio de concentración.
OZON O
Villar_del_Arzobispo
21.1
Pt_5
69.9
90.0
4390
Pt_3
31.5
56.0 75.7 L´Eliana Paterna-CEAM Pt_1
4380
48.9
70.4
4375
Burjassot-Facultats
680
685
690
695
700
705
710
715
720
725
Fig. 6: Average NO2 (blue) and O3 (pink) concentrations for the five experimental campaigns conducted in the Turia river basin in August 2010.
Ca m pa ñ a 1 07/29 : 09 al 08/05 : 08
Ca m pa ñ a 2 08/05 : 09 al 08/12 : 07
Ca m pa ñ a 3 08/12 : 08 al 08/19 : 08
Ca m pa ñ a 4 08/19 : 09 al 08/26 : 08
Ca m pa ñ a 5 08/26 : 09 al 09/01 : 08
Bur j a ssot / Fa cu lt a t s
74.2
65.1
66.3
52.8
51.9
Pa t e rn a / CEAM
77.3
64.1
60.3
55.9
67.0
L´ Elia n a
64.3
64.6
71.2
66.3
78.5
V illa r de l Ar zobispo
78.5
75.8
69.3
76.3
85.8
Pr om e dio Ca bin a s
73.6
67.4
66.8
62.8
70.8
M e dia Dosim é t r ica
75.6
75.4
55.0
61.1
94.9
Pt_2
37.7 4385
UTM (km)
4395
Pt_4
17.7
Fig. 5: Concentrations of NO2 (blue), O3 (pink) and wind roses for the five experimental campaigns conducted in the Turia river basin in August 2010.
Pt_1
4380
680
4400
11.1 4390
23.6
UTM (km)
4390
UTM (km)
19.0 94.2
4400
Pt_4
Pt_5
17.1
4380
Results of the diffusive sampling campaigns
90
68
38
731
107
122
64
46
59
729
88 88
AGRUPACI ÓN EN 6 CLASES
4372
UTM (km).
63 55
58
> 140
727
90
71
56
120 - 140
77
101
148
112 77
56
100 - 120
725
86
82
78 57
4370
4370
85 - 100
100
96 78 94
UTM (km)
4372
4372 UTM (km)
70 - 85
723
78
71
106
72
86
60 - 70
721
85
114
50 - 60
719
83
63
85 92
76
40 - 50
59
4370
4374
4374
30 - 40
59
53
4369
75
20 - 30
71
87
79
74
76
4368
( μg/m3)
67
4376
( μg/m3 ) 57
4371
4376
4376
Escala de Concentraciones
4367
NIVELES DE INMISIÓN DE NO2 EN VALENCIA. Medidas mediante Dosímetros Pasivos. Concentraciones PROMEDIO.
4366
(a)
Tab. 1: Ozone concentrations for the five experimental campaigns and average ozone values from diffusive samplers (blue) and monitoring network (green).
Synthesis
UTM (km)
i.
In Valencia city, NO2 concentrations show a polluted plume with a longitudinal distribution in the E-W direction, in direction to the Turia river basin. Greater levels are observed in the city centre but also moderate levels are registered in the NW, consequence of the high frequency of SE wind flows and the canalisation of the Turia river basin. ii. In the Turia river basin, ozone presents a highly variable behaviour, both temporally (depending on meteorological conditions) and spatially, with strong gradients even at nearby locations. iii. Comparisons between diffusive sampler results and monitoring network measurements show a good correlation. iv. Diffusive samplers allow the implementation of dense, cost-effective air quality networks to characterize the spatial variability of pollutants. This technique may support the optimization of monitoring networks. Acknowledgements: The CEAM Foundation is co-financed by the Generalitat Valenciana and Bancaixa. This study has been partially funded by the Generalitat Valenciana through the project PREVIOZONO; and by the MICINN through the projects “PROMECA” (CGL2009-10309) and “GRACCIE” (CSD200700067, Programa CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010).
