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

     ‫ م‬2015 /23-22   

  

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 (1) 2015

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  ‫م‬2015 /23-22  ‫ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱰﺑﻴﺔ‬1   ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺸﺆﻭﻥ‬2  ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﺪ‬3    ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬4   ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬5

     

 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺸﺆﻭﻥ‬1

   ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬2

  ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬3

   ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬4 



  1 ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬ 2  ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬

b

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c

d

‫ت‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻯ )ﺍﳉﺰء ﺍﻷﻭﻝ(‬ ‫ﻋﻧوان اﻟﺑﺣث‬

‫ص‬

‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة واﻟﻣﺣﺎﻟﯾل اﻟﻛﯾﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯾم ﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ﻟﻣواد ﻣﺗراﻛﺑﺔ ھﺟﯾﻧﺔ ‪ ‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬م‪ .‬د‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺳن رﺳن‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺳن ﺻﻠﺑوخ رھﯾف ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻧزﻻق واﻟزﻣن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌدل اﻟﺑﻠﻰ ﻟﻣﺗراﻛﺑﺎت اﻟﺑوﻟﻲ اﺳﺗر ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﺷﺑﻊ‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﺳﻌﺎد ﺣﺎﻣد اﻟﻌﯾﺑﻲ اﻧﻌﺎم وادي وطن د‪ .‬ﻛرﯾم ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﺳم ‪ ‬‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﺗرﻛﯾﺑﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﯾﺔ )‪ (Fe2O3:NiO‬اﻟرﻗﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺿرة ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻠل اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺣراري‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﻧورا ﺟﺎﺳم ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫ﻧﺎدر ﻓﺎﺿل ﺣﺑوﺑﻲ ‪ ‬‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻟطول اﻟﻣوﺟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻻﻟﯾﺎف اﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫م‪ .‬د‪ .‬أﺳﻣﺎء ﺳﺗﺎر ﺟﯾﺎد ﻣﺣﯾﺳن اﻟراﺟﺣﻲ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﻌزﻟﯾﺔ واﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ ﻟﻣﺗراﻛﺑﺎت ‪ ZrO2/PMMA‬اﻟﻧﺎﻧوﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﻧور ظﺎﯾف اﻟﺷواك‬ ‫أ‪ .‬د‪ .‬ﻧﺟﯾﺑﺔ ﻋﺑد ﷲ اﻟﺣﻣداﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻟﺳﻣك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﯾﺔ ‪ CdO‬اﻟرﻗﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺿرة ﺑﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺗرﺳﯾب ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻣﺎم اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﻛرار ﻣﮭدي ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎطﻣﺔ ﯾﺎﺳﯾن ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻟﺗﺛﺑﯾطﻲ ﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﻠص اﻟﻘرﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠوك اﻟﺗﺂﻛل اﻟﺑﺎﯾﻠوﺟﻲ ﻟﺳﺑﯾﻛﺔ اﻟﺣدﯾد ‪ (SS316L) ‬اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎل اﻟزوارع اﻟﺟراﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔر ھﺎﺷم ﻣﺣﺳن ﺣﻧﺎن ﻓﺎﺿل ﻋﺑﺎس وﺿﺎح ﻋﺎدل ﺗوﻓﯾﻖ ﺣﻘﻲ إﺳﻣﺎﻋﯾل‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎس ﺗراﻛﯾز ﻏﺎز اﻟرادون ﻓﻲ ﺗرﺑﺔ اﺑو ﺻﺧﯾر – اﻟﻧﺟف اﻻﺷرف ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل ﻛﺎﺷف اﻻﺛر اﻟﻧووي ‪ CR‐39‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬ ‫زﯾﻧﺔ ﺟﻣﯾل رﺣﯾم‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺎد ﻋﻣران ﻋﯾﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﻧﺎ ﻣﺟﯾد ﺣﯾدر‬ ‫إﯾﺟﺎد ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺗﺟرﯾﺑﯾﺔ ﻟﺣﺳﺎب ﺗراﻛﯾز ﻏﺎز اﻟرادون داﺧل اﻟدور اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟد ھﺎدي ﻣﮭدي رأﻓت ﻋﺑد اﻟﺣﺳن ﻣﺳﻠم ھدﯾل ﻏﺎﻟﻲ اﺷﻧﯾن‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺛﯾر درﺟﺔ ﺣرارة اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﯾﺔ )‪ (Zn1‐xFexO‬اﻟرﻗﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪76‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺿرة ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻠل اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺣراري ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎدر ﻓﺎﺿل ﺣﺑوﺑﻲ ﺻﺑﺎح أﻧور ﺳﻠﻣﺎن أوس ﺧوام ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺢ اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻘﺿﺎء اﻟﻘﺎﺋم‪ /‬اﻻﻧﺑﺎر‬ ‫‪83‬‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻣد ﺟﺎﺳم ﻣﺣﻣد د‪ .‬ﺳﻼم طﺎرق ﺟواد‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺋز ﻗﺣطﺎن وﺣﯾد‪ ،‬ﺣﺳﻧﯾن ﻣوﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام ظﺎھرة ﻣرآة اﻻﻟﻛﺗرون ﻟدراﺳﺔ ﺑﻌض ﺧﺻﺎﺋص ﺑوﻟﯾﻣر ‪PMMA‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻣؤﯾد ﺟﺑﺎر زوري‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻟﺗﺷوﯾب ﺑﺎﻟﺣدﯾد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺛواﺑت اﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﯾﺔ )‪ (ZnO‬اﻟﻣﺣﺿرة ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻠل اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪99‬‬ ‫اﻟﺣراري‬ ‫م‪.‬م‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛرﯾم ﻋﺑود‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺧﺿﯾر ﻋﺑﺎس ﻣﺷﺟل‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﺸﻮﯾﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻤﻨﯿﻮم )‪ (Al‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺔ ﻻﻏﺸﯿﺔ ‪ FeO‬اﻟﻤﺤﻀﺮة ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬ ‫‪106‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻰ ﻟﻔﺘﮫ راھﻲ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺧﻀﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﻣﺸﺠﻞ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻟﺗﺷوﯾب ﺑﺎﻟﺑزﻣوث ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺛواﺑت اﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﯾﺔ ‪ CdO‬اﻟﻣﺣﺿرة ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻠل اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺣراري‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺧﺿﯾر ﻋﺑﺎس ﻣﺷﺟل‬ ‫اﻣﯾرة ﺟواد ﻛﺎظم‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺣرﻛﯾﺔ اﻻﻟﻛﺗروﻧﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎز اﻻرﻛون ﺑﺿﻐوط ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐرﯾد ﺧﺎﻟد ﺣﻣﯾد‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ اﻟﺿﺑﺎﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺎوﺳﯾﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﺗﺧدام ﺧوارزﻣﯾﺔ ﻟوﺳﻲ رﯾﺗﺷﺎردﺳون اﻟﻣطورة‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﺣﺎزم ﻛﺎطﻊ دواي ﻣﺎﻟك ﻋطﯾﺔ دﺷر‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﺗﻐﯾر اﻹﺟﮭﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯾم اﻟزﺣف ﻟﻣواد ﻣﺗراﻛﺑﺔ ﻣن راﺗﻧﺞ اﻟﻧوﻓوﻻك ‪ ‬‬ ‫ا‪ .‬م‪ .‬د‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺳن رﺳن‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت اﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اداء ﻣرﺷﺢ اﻣرار اﻟﺣزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻻء ﻧزار ﻋﺑد اﻟﻐﻔﺎر أﻧﺳﺎم ﻗﺎﺳم ﻏﺿﺑﺎن‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺎﺛﯾر اﻟﺳﻣك ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬اﻟﺧواص اﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﯾﺔ )‪ (CdS:8%Cu‬اﻟرﻗﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺿرة‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻠل اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺣراري‬ ‫زﯾن اﻟﻌﺎﺑدﯾن ﻣﺎﺟد ﻣﺣﻣد‬

‫‪e ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪113‬‬ ‫‪119‬‬ ‫‪128‬‬ ‫‪135‬‬ ‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪152‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪27‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫‪34‬‬

‫‪35‬‬

‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬

‫ﺗﺣﺿﯾر أوﻛﺳﯾد اﻟﻧﯾﻛل اﻟﻧﺎﻧوي ﻟﻸﻏراض اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ وﻛﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد‬ ‫ﺣﺳﯾن ﺻﺎﺣب ﺣﺳن‪ ,‬ﺿﯾﺎء ﺣﻧﺗوش ﻋودة‪ ,‬ھﺎدي ﻋطﯾﺔ ﻛرﯾم‪ ,‬ازھﺎر ﻣﮭدي ارزوﻗﻲ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺧواص اﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﯾﺔ )‪ (Sn1‐xVxO2‬اﻟﻣﺣﺿرة ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻠل اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺣراري‬ ‫زﯾﺎد طﺎرق ﺧﺿﯾر ﻧﺑﯾل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻛر ﻋدﻧﺎن ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺣﻣد‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻟﺗﺷوﯾب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧواص اﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻟﺑوﻟﻲ ﻣﺛﯾل ﻣﯾﺛﺎﻛرﯾﻼﯾت )‪ (PMMA‬اﻟﻣﺷوب ﺑﻣﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﺑروﻣوﺛﯾﻣول اﻻزرق ‪BTB‬‬ ‫رﺷدي اﺑراھﯾم ﺟﺎﺳم ھﺎدي اﺣﻣد ﺣﺳﯾن ﻋﺑﯾدة ﻋﺎﻣر ﻋﺑد اﻟﺣﺳﯾن ﻣﻧﯾﺑﺔ ﻣﺣﻣد اﻻﻏﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺿﯾر‪ ‬ﻏﺷﺎء اوﻛﺳﯾد اﻟﺧﺎرﺻﯾن ﺑﺗرﻛﯾب ﻧﺎﻧوي وﺳﻣك ﻣﺗﻧﺎھﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺗرﺳﯾب ﺑﺎﻟﻠﯾزر اﻟﻧﺑﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎء ﻋﺎﺋد ﺣﺎﻣد أ‪ .‬د‪ .‬ھﯾﻔﺎء ﻏﺎزي رﺷﯾد أ‪ .‬د‪ .‬ﻋدوﯾﺔ ﺟﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﯾدر‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯾر ﺑﻼزﻣﺎ اﻻرﻛون اﻟﻐﯾر ﺣرارﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﺟوي اﻻﻋﺗﯾﺎدي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧواص اﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﯾﺔ‬ ‫اوﻛﺳﯾد اﻟﻘﺻدﯾر ‪SnO2‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻣد ﺣﺎﻓظ ﻣرﺑط‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‪ ‬أطﯾﺎف‪ ‬اﻷﺷﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺣت اﻟﺣﻣراء‪ ‬وﺗﺣت اﻟﺣﻣراء اﻟﻣﺗوﺳطﺔ واﻟﻣرﺋﯾﺔ وﻓوق‪ ‬اﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﯾﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﺟزﯾﺋﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﻠورﯾد‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻐﻧﯾز‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﺧﺎﻟد ﺣﺳن اﻟﻣﻌﻣوري‪ ‬ﻣرﯾم ﺳﻣﯾر ﻋﺑد اﻟﺳﺗﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﺗﻐﯾﯾر درﺟﺔ ﺣﺎﻣﺿﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﻠول )‪ (PH‬ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺳﻠوك اﻟﺗﺎﻛﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﯾﺗﺎﻧﯾوم اﻟﻧﻘﻲ ﺗﺟﺎرﯾﺎ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻣطﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﮭﺎﯾدروﻛﺳﯾﺄﺑﺗﺎﯾت ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗرﺳﯾب اﻟﻛﮭروﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣدرس ﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﺷﯾﻣﺎء ھﺎﺷم ﻋﻧﯾد ﻣﮭﻧدس أﻗدم ﻋﻘﯾل ﻓﻠﯾﺢ ﺣﺳن رﺋﯾس ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﯾن ﺟﻣﺎل ﻓﺎﺿل ﺣﻣودي‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﺣﺎﻣض اﻟﮭﯾدروﻛﻠورﯾك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧواص اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻟﻣﺗراﻛب اﻟﺑوﻟﻲ اﺳﺗر ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﺷﺑﻊ اﻟﻣدﻋم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯾﺎف اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪس ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮزاق طﺎرش‪ ،‬أﺳﻤﺎء ﺷﻮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻟﺑﻼزﻣﺎ اﻟﻐﯾر ﺣرارﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧواص اﻟﺗرﻛﯾﺑﯾﺔ واﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﯾﺔ أوﻛﺳﯾد اﻟﺧﺎرﺻﯾن )‪ (ZnO‬‬ ‫اﻟرﻗﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺿرة ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻠل اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺣراري‬ ‫إﺳﺮاء ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﺎظﻢ اﻟﺨﻔﺎﺟﻲ أ‪ .‬م‪ .‬د‪ .‬راﻣﺰ أﺣﻤﺪ اﻷﻧﺼﺎري‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺎر اﯾﻮن اﻟﻜﺎﻟﯿﻮم داﺧﻞ ﺣﺠﺮة ﻣﺒﺆر اﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ اﻻﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر ظﺎھﺮة اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺮآﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎد ھﺎدي ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺸﯿﺔ )‪ (ZnO‬ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﻮﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﺸﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﺑﺎﻟﺖ )‪ (ZnO:Co‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺳﯿﺐ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮي اﻻﻋﺘﯿﺎدي )‪(APCVD‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎر ﺛﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﺻﻼح ﻗﺪوري ھﺰاع اﻟﻘﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪Surface States in Multibarrier Semiconductor Heterostructure‬‬ ‫‪Ridha H. Risan‬‬ ‫‪Estimate the mean of annual effective dose of radon gase for groundwater in‬‬ ‫‪some locations at Khan Sayyid Nur, AL Kifl/ Iraq‬‬ ‫‪Inaam H. Kadhim‬‬ ‫‪Doping effect CuO on optical energy gap and urbach‬‬ ‫‪energy of Mn2O3 thin films‬‬ ‫‪M. H. Abdul-Allah, Tariq J. Alwan, Ali Taher Mohi Rushdi. I. Jasim‬‬ ‫‪Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis‬‬ ‫‪(DTA) of PVC/silica hybrids‬‬ ‫‪Harith Ibrahim‬‬ ‫‪Seenaa Ibrahim‬‬ ‫‪Effect of Cu doping on structural and optical properties of CdSe‬‬ ‫‪nanocrystalline thin films‬‬ ‫‪Ausama I. Khudiar‬‬ ‫‪Study of some optical properties of (Polystyrene_Titanium) nanocomposite‬‬ ‫‪Raheem Gaayid Kadhim‬‬ ‫‪Mohammed Jawad Kadhim‬‬ ‫‪Wear and friction Properties of polymer blend nanocomposites‬‬ ‫‪Zainb A. AL- Ramdhan Fadhil K. Farhan Bahjat B. Kadhim‬‬ ‫‪Thermal Analyzerof Polymer Blend Nanocomposites‬‬ ‫‪Fadhil K. Farhan1Zainb A. AL- Ramdhan1Bahjat B. Kadhim2‬‬ ‫‪f ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

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Adopted methods to equalize channels output powers in semiconductor optical amplifier Sadiq Jaafar Kadhim Using of the Single Field to Represent the Triple Magnetic Lens Saadi Raheem Abbas, Hussain S. Hasan, Ali Hadi-Al. Batat, Mohammed Jawad Yaseen Determination of Positrons Implantation Profile, Flux of Positrons and Fraction of Positrons Absorbed in Polystyrene - (Anthraquinone Copolymer) H. L. Mansour W. A. Jabbar Using NAA technique to measure concentration of some elements in Iraqi petroleum that cause metal corrosion in pipelines. Jaber A. Dahloos, Jamal K. Jaber, Jinan F. Mahdi, Neamah H. Thabt, Nadher A. Salman Effect of CdTe Nanorods on Electro-Optical Properties of Liquid Crystal as an optical switch Sudad S. Ahmed Rawa K. Ibrahim, Asama N. Naje Kais Al-Naimee Performance analysis of Free Space Optical Communication using array Receivers Wasfi. H. Rashid Lubna. G. Abdul Latif Shehab. A. Al- Zubaidi The Structural Characterizations of Doped CdS Thin Films with Co Prepared by Laser Ablation Faisal A. Mustafa Sami A. Habana Zainab A. Abed Husan Brain Tumor Area Calculation using Morphological Operations Mohammed Y. Kamil, Amel H. Abbas Effect of layer thickness on the Surface Morphology and Gas Sensing Properties of Nanoparticle Zinc Sulfide Films Ali A. Yousif Aseel A. Jasib Some Optical Properties of (PVA: Pb(CH3COO)2) films Assis. lecturer: Jaafar S. Mohammed Assis. lecturer: Yaqoob M. Jawad, Sehama Abed Hussein H. Assis. Prof. Widad Hano Abass Design & Compare Study between Single mode and Multimode Sensors in A fiber-optic perimeter security (FOPS) system Shehab A. Kadhim, Abdulkareem H. Dagher, Hawraa H. Khalaf Investigation of Scanning Beam Behavior in Terms of the Charged-Point Approximation Hassan N. Al-Obaidi Musatfa M. Abid Electrical and optoelectrical properties of ITO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis Yasmeen Z. Dawood and Majid H. Hassoni and Saad F. Al-aboody BER Characteristics for Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Dr. Mazin Ali A. Ali, Dr. Muayyed J. Zoory, Bahaa J. Alwan, Saad Kh. Rahi Influence of gamma radiation on optical and Structure properties of CuO1-x:Fe2O3x thin films Mustafa Shakir Hashim Morphological and Structural of Nanostructure ZnO/p-Si Thin Films Obtained by Pulsed Laser Deposition Ali A. Yousif Zainab S. Mahdi Najwan H. Numan Hiaym C. Majeed Ziad T. Khodair

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The effect of Laser Irradiations on the Structural Properties of Nanocrystalline In2O3 Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Ali A. Yousif Zainab S. Mahdi Influence of Current Density on Optoelectronic Properties of Double Heterojunction as MSM Photodetector based on Porous Silicon Hasan A. Hadi Parabolic Solar Dish System's Simulation for Thermal Applications Dr. Hisham A. Maliek Dhafir Aziz Dhahir Theoretical Study Including Calculation the Maxwell Averaged Fusion Reaction Reactivates M. H. Raad G. Q. Rownaq M. A. Laheeb Concentration of Natural and Anthropogenic Radionuclides in Locally and Imported Milk Samples Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Preparation by Two Different Sol-Gel Methods Tagreed. M. Al-Saadi and Noor A. Hameed Investigation of structural and optical properties of Copper (I) Iodide (CuI) Thin Film Sudad S. Ahmed Kadhim A. Aadem Wasan. J. Tahar Samer. Y. Al-Dabag Attenuation coefficient measurement of bremsstrahlung radiation in polymer composite Noor M. Aowd Hayder S. Hussain Study of I-V Characteristics of the Dielectric Barrier Discharge DBD System Mohammed Ubaid Hussein Thamir H. Khalaf Structural and Optical properties of Cr2O3 thin films prepared via R. F. magnetron sputtering Prof. Dr. Abdulhussein K. Elttayef Assist. Prof. Dr. Muneer. H. Jaddaa Nadia. M. Majeed Study the Structural and optical Properties of ZrO2 Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering Prof. Dr. Abdul Hussain K. Elttayef, Prof. Dr. Ahmed K. Abbas Ghafran H. Neema Optimum Design of Non-polarization Beam Splitter Plate with Zemax Hussein T. Hashim, Hayfa G. Rashid, Sana J. Ali, Abbas T. Hashim

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‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬

2015 ‫ ﻧﻴﺴﺎﻥ‬23-22 ‫ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬/‫ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱰﺑﻴﺔ‬

Attenuation coefficient measurement of bremsstrahlung radiation in polymer composite Noor M. Aowd

Hayder S. Hussain

Department of Physics, College of Science, Baghdad University

Abstract In The present work has been prepare samples of polymer and the formation of composite material at different rates (20%,50% &70%) of lead to clarify the difference in the spectrum attenuation bremsstrahlung rays through the process of exponential equations graphic representation of the rate correction as a function of energy within the range (0.1 –1.7) MeV using NaI(Tl) energy selective scintillation counter with 90Sr/90Y beta source. It was getting also absorption coefficient of the prepared samples to the same range of energy through graphic representation of natural allegartm count rate as a function of the thickness of absorbent material as the gradient relationship diagrams represents absorption coefficient. The result shows a directly relationship, between the thickness of the absorbent material and the attenuation factor. The result, also show that, a reversal relationship, between the absorption factor and the energy of beta particle. The results shows that, the samples prepared of good absorption for beta particles and attenuation bremsstrahlung rays and this efficiency is relatively unchanged according to the proportion of lead additives which shows a positive impact of the materials prepared in the process of radiation shielding Keyword: Epoxy (EP), polyurethane (PU), intensity (I), Particles range (R), Absorption coefficient (µ). ‫ﻗﯿﺎس ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻮھﯿﻦ ﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮﯾﮫ اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﻛﺒﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﻮر ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻮاد ﺣﯿﺪر ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺪاد‬/‫ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬/‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ (20% - 50% - 70%) ‫ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺗﺤﻀﯿﺮ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮﯾﮫ وﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ ﻣﺎده ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﺒ ﮫ وﺑﻨﺴ ﺐ وزﻧﯿ ﮫ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﺔ‬ ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ طﯿﻒ ﺗﻮھﯿﻦ اﺷ ﻌﮫ اﻟﻜ ﺒﺢ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼل اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎدﻻت اﻷﺳ ﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿ ﮫ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﯿ ﻞ اﻟﺒﯿ ﺎﻧﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎده اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬ ‫( ﻣﯿﻜﺎ اﻟﻜﺘ ﺮون ﻓﻮﻟ ﺖ ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣ ﮫ اﻟﻜﺎﺷ ﻒ اﻟﻮﻣﯿﻀ ﻲ )ﯾﻮدﯾ ﺪ‬0.1 – 1.7) ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻛﺪاﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺪى‬ ‫ وﺗ ﻢ اﻟﺤﺼ ﻮل اﯾﻀ ﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼ ﺎص ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻨ ﺎت‬.(90 -‫اﻟﺼ ﻮدﯾﻮم اﻟﻤﻨﺸ ﻂ ﺑﻠﺜ ﺎﻟﯿﻮم( وﻣﺼ ﺪر ﺟﺴ ﯿﻤﺎت ﺑﯿﺘ ﺎ )اﻟﺴ ﺘﺮوﻧﺘﯿﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻀﺮة ﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﺪى اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻤﺜﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻠﻮﻏﺎرﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌ ﻲ ﻟﻤﻌ ﺪل اﻟﻌ ﺪ ﻛﺪاﻟ ﺔ ﻟﺴ ﻤﻚ اﻟﻤ ﺎدة اﻟﻤﺎﺻ ﺔ اذ ان‬ ‫وﻗ ﺪ ﺗ ﻢ اﺳ ﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﻼﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻄﺮدﯾ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺳ ﻤﻚ اﻟﻤ ﺎدة اﻟﻤﺎﺻ ﺔ وﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟﺘ ﻮھﯿﻦ‬.‫ﻣﯿ ﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻗ ﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﯿ ﺔ ﯾﻤﺜ ﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼ ﺎص‬ ‫دﻟ ﺖ اﻟﻨﺘ ﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺼ ﻠﮫ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻛﻔ ﺎءه اﻟﻌﯿﻨ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻀ ﺮة ﻓ ﻲ‬.‫واﻟﻌﻼﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻜﺴ ﯿﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ اﻻﻣﺘﺼ ﺎص ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﻘ ﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻓ ﮫ‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺼﺎص ﺟﺴﯿﻤﺎت ﺑﯿﺘﺎ وﺗﻮھﯿﻦ اﺷﻌﮫ اﻟﻜ ﺒﺢ وھ ﺬه اﻟﻜﻔ ﺎءة ﺗﺘﻐﯿ ﺮ ﻧﺴ ﺒﯿﺎ ﺗﺒﻌ ﺎ ﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﮫ اﻟﺮﺻ ﺎص اﻟﻤﻀ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻤ ﺎ ﯾ ﺪل ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻻﺛ ﺮ‬ .‫اﻻﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺤﻀﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﻊ اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬ 1 - Introduction Attenuation radiation is based on the principle shielding of, the ability which reduce a wave’s or ray’s effect by blocking or bouncing particles through a barrier material. Charged particles may be attenuated by losing energy to electrons reactions in the barrier. A beta source with energies from zero to the characteristic maximum energy for that isotope. Where penetrating power of β particles depends on [1]: • The energy of the β-particle, • The density of the absorbing material. several measurements on attenuation coefficients and range-energy relation of β- particles for various absorber at different energies have been reported by various workers in (2012) R. G. Bagdia et al [2] study mass attenuation coefficients for elements C, O, Al, Cl, Cu and Ag from compounds and salts has been described, (2010) M. Ban et al [3] study mass attenuation coefficients for beta particles through pure Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and flax fibersreinforced PVC composite. In 2014 M. Muzahim [4] studies the linear attenuation coefficient (µi) for different volt ranges and also he have on mass attenuation coefficient (µm) for the same volt ranges in composit (PVA, PO, cement). When an incident beta particle with the intensity of I0 collide perpendicularly with an absorber with the thickness of x, the intensity (I) passing through the absorber can be evaluated by usual attenuation equation [5]: (1) ‫ ﳎﻠﺪ‬/‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

471

‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱰﺑﻴﺔ‬



I( x )  I  e  x … (1) 2- Polymer Blends Polymer blends is a mixture of two or more polymers in the required amounts, with no covalent bonds between them, or that are not bonded to each other. Therefore, blending of polymers is excellent method for improvement the different properties of polymers [6].The polymer uses in this work is thermosetting polymers different ratio of (EP + PU), thermosetting have cross-linked or network structures with covalent bonds with all molecules. They do not soften but decompose on heating. Once solidified by cross-linking process they cannot be reshaped [7]. 3- Composite Materials A composit material can be defined as macroscopic combination of two or more materials (reinforcing elements, fillers, and composite matrix binder), differing in form, or composition on a macro scale. The constituents retain their identities, that is, they do not dissolve or merge completely into one another although they act in concert. Normally, the components can be physically identified and exhibit an interface between one another. A composite material is created from a powder (or reinforcement) and an appropriate matrix material in order to maximize specific performance properties also composite uses in this work contain blend with different ratio of lead. [8] 4-Material and Methods 4-1- Composite materials shielding The materials used to prepare the composite samples as a shield with different thicknesses of this work are; Epoxy Resin (EP) EUXIT 50 (Swiss Chem.), polyurethane (PU) EUXIT TG10 (Swiss Chem.) and Lead powder. 4-1-1 Preparation of EP/ PU blend To prepare the EP/PU Blend an exact amount of special hardener is added to the resin with weight ratio of hardener to resin 1:3. The content is mixed thoroughly by a fan type stirrer until the mixture becomes homogeneous. A sufficient amount of isocyanate hardener is also added to resin (PU) with weight ratio of hardener to resin 1:9. The content is also mixed thoroughly by a fan type stirrer before adding epoxy to the mixture. The epoxy/ polyurethane blend are prepared with weight ratio of both polymers as (60%EP)/ (40%PU), which is the best compatibility blend [6]. 4-1-2 Preparation the composite By the same manner of previous preparation using the ratio of blend (60%EP)/ (40%PU), the lead/EP/PU composite are prepared with three weight ratio of lead as shown in table (1). Table (1): weight ratio of lead in sample. weight ratio of lead 20% 50% 70%

Sample code N L M

The mixture was placed in a circular templates it,s Diameter proportional Diameter Detector For the most accurate results on as to, show in fig (1).

Fig (1): different rates of samples

(1) ‫ ﳎﻠﺪ‬/‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

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5- Experimental setup The experimental arrangement with the electronic configuration is schematically shown in Fig.2. The assembly was placed in lead castle. Energy calibration was performed using a set of standard gamma sources.

Fig.2: Schematic of experimental setup. 6 - Source The radioactive source is a 90Sr/90Y Compound in corporated on ceramic insert doubly encapsulated in st-steel capsule x117 beta source whose activity was about 0.85 mci when the measurements took place. 90Sr is a beta emitter, with a half-life of 28.8 years decaying into 90 Y with energy (0.546-2.274) MeV [9]. 7- Determination of beta-particles range We find the range of beta particles by measuring their attenuation with calibrated absorbers and extrapolating the absorption curve to calculate the absorption cofficent. Range is distance, and its basic dimension is length (m). In addition to meters, another common unit used for range is kg/m2 (or g/cm2). The relationship between the two is [10]: … (2) R (gm/cm2) = [R (cm)][ ρ(gm/cm3) Where ρ is the density of the material in which the particle travels. And: … (3) R (gm/cm2) = 4.12 En (MeV) Where n=1.265-0.0954 lnEmax Emax is the maximum beta-particles energy in MeV So, thus the required thickness(x) to stop all beta particles from 90Sr/90Y according to eq. (3) to generate bremsstrahlung ray in samples is shown in table (2): Table (2): required thickness(x) to generate bremsstrahlung ray. (x)cm Samples 0.7 (N) 0.5 (L) 0.4 (M) 8- Results and Discussion The results explain amount of attenuation bremsstrahlung ray in samples plotted Correction rate (Nf) as a function of energy shown in Fig.3 From this figure, we find that the intensity decreases exponentially by increase thickness of samples as in the equation (5), and the attenuation increase by increasing ratio of lead where the sample (M) has the largest proportion of the attenuation. and the Figures (4-5-6) show the difference between many of thickness samples with energy absorption of radiation, where The count rat as a function of energy for sample (N-L-M) respectively the difference between absorption coefficient for samples as a function of energy illustrate in figures.


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Fig (3): attenuation coefficient of bremsstrahlung as afunction of energy in samples (N-L-M).

Fig (4): count rate as afunction of energy in N-composit by different thickness.

Fig (5): count rate as afunction of energy in L - composit by different thickness. (1) ‫ ﳎﻠﺪ‬/‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

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Fig (6): count rate as afunction of energy in M - composite by different thickness.

This figures shows that the intensity of radiation decrease with increasing thickness of samples and also we can clarification deference in account rat in table (3) with some Selected values of energies for (3.5cm, 5.7cm) in (M) sample Where the count rate decreases when increasing energy to become a convergent values in the count in all thickness in sample at highest energies from 0.8MeV. Table (3): Shows the counts rate of two different thickness of sample (M). 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 E(MeV) 269 135 54 17 15 4 Count(3.5cm) 1733 1107 482 172 119 40 28 17 2 Count(5.7cm) 1658 1003 321 If we compare the value of the count for the first sample of the three samples seen from figures (4-5-6) the count rate gradually less with increase the lead ratio for example count rate in (N = 24704), (L= 12028) and (M = 14771). And also to prove efficiency of (M) sample compare it with count rate of pure lead shown in figure (7).

Fig (7): compare between pure lead and M sample.


475




Fig (8): absorption coefficient as a function of energy in samples. From figure (8) absorption coefficient of samples increase with increase the ratio of lead, and also decrease by increasing energy. Absorption coefficient of samples shown in table (4). µcm-1(M) 0.219 0.154 0.193 0.227 0.263 0.285 0.293

Table (4): absorption coefficient of samples. µcm-1(L) µcm-1(N) 0.192 0.214 0.111 0.212 0.178 0.211 0.219 0.223 0.234 0.221 0.224 0.209 0.213 0.187

E(MeV) 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

0.283

0.211

0.177

0.45

0.248

0.18

0.157

0.5

0.249

0.188

0.146

0.55

0.227 0.206 0.232

0.175 0.153 0.162

0.137 0.088 0.122

0.6 0.65 0.7

0.181

0.134

0.124

0.75

0.138 0.164 0.152 0.144 0.087 0.128 0.122 0.091 0.091 0.073 0.041 0.01 0.107 0.033 0.027

0.093 0.128 0.131 0.133 0.106 0.081 0.103 0.101 0.087 0.083 0.052 0.023 0.043 0.068 0.172

0.117 0.125 0.115 0.096 0.1 0.095 0.11 0.993 0.0728 0.061 0.108 0.067 0.106 0.089 0.007

0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5


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0.09 0.206 0.96 0.033

0.139 0.077 0.045 0.008

0.037 0.133 0.17 0.031

1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7

9 - Conclusion From the results shown above one can see that:1. The samples manufactured in this research is good absorbent of beta particles and bremsstrahlung 2. Attenuation of bremsstrahulng ray increased by increasing lead ratio 3. Bremsstrahulng can be attenuate by placing (putting) the materials with low atomic number and then materials with high atomic number. 4. The obtained result shows M-sample is a good container for beta source if manufactured by an appropriate thickness. 5. In addition, characterized samples also manufacturer properties such as light weight and ease of manufacturing, transportation and smooth installation and molding to the desired shape can make it attenuation materiales of radiation with a large range in the applications (industrial, medical and environmental). 10 - Future work 1. Tungsten can be used as an attenuator for beta particle instead of lead. 2. Exchange epoxy by polystyrene, polyester, styrene-butadiene as a material sample in the blend. 3. Taking different ratios of lead as (30% - 60% - 80%) to prepare another composite material. 4. Lead grains or (shot balls) with different size can be used in the material than lead powder. Reference 1- B. Nesreen Al-Rawi "Linear attenuation coefficient measurement in polymer composite", Iraqi Journal of Physics, Vol.12, No.25, PP 1-7, (2014) 2- Bagdia R. G., Lakhotia S. B., and Bezonji R.," Mass attenuation coefficients of beta particles in elements", Vol. 2, No. 2, PP. 135-141, (2012). 3- M. Ban and I. Harith, " Calculation the mass attenuation coefficient of beta-particles through Polyvinyl chloride", Iraqi Journal of Physics, Vol. 7, No.12, PP. 50 -53, (2010). 4- M. Muzahim, "The measurement and the calculation of the linear attenuation and mass coefficient X-ray and Beta -rays using cement slabs", Journal of Basrah Resreaches Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 4, (2014). 5- E. Ermis, and Celiktas C.," A different Way to Determine the Gamma-ray Linear Attenuation Coefficients of Materials", International Journal of Instrumentation Science, Vol. 1, No. 4, PP. 41-44, (2012). 6- S. Hayder; Ph.D. Thesis, University of Baghdad (2011). 7- T. Sabu, J. Kuruvilla, K. Sant Malhotra, G. Koichi and S. Meyyarappallil Sreekala "Introduction to Polymer Composites polymer", Vol. 1, First Edition, by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA (2012). 8- H. Ali; Ph.D. Thesis, University of Technology (2008). 9- Catalog of nuclear physics laboratory radiation sources. 10- T. Nicholas," measurement and detection of radiation", Second Edition, Eds. Taylor and Francis, USA, (1995).


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Study of I-V Characteristics of the Dielectric Barrier Discharge DBD System Mohammed Ubaid Hussein1

1

Thamir H. Khalaf 2

Department of physiology and medical physics, College of Medicine, Anbar University. Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Physics, College of Science, Baghdad University. Email: drthamirhameed @gmail.com

Abstract: Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has emerged as a new promising tool in physics and other sciences. In this work, a dielectric barrier discharge DBD system was built as a source of atmospheric pressure non-thermal Plasma suitable for study I-V characteristics and role of frequency of DBD system. The results showed that the applied voltage and distance between electrodes effect on discharge current, also frequency on discharge current was affected (increasing or decreasing) according to operation conditions. Keywords: Atmospheric non- thermal plasma, breakdown, microdischarges, discharge current. (DBD) ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ( ﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻎ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻋﺎزل‬-‫دراﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ )اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ 2

‫ﺛﺎﻣﺮ ﺣﻤﯿﺪ ﺧﻠﻒ‬

1

‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﯿﺪ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ‬

[email protected] -‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻻﻧﺒﺎر‬،‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺐ‬،‫ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺴﻠﺠﺔ واﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺔ‬1 drthamirhameed @gmail.com -‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺪاد‬،‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬،‫ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء‬2

:‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫ﺑﻼزﻣﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﺟﻮي ﺑﺮزت ﻛﻮﺳﯿﻠﺔ واﻋﺪة ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء واﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬-‫( ﻛﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﺒﻼزﻣﺎ ﺑﺎردة )ﻏﯿﺮ ﺣﺮارﯾﺔ( ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﺟﻮي ودراﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬DBD) ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻎ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ دراﺳﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﯿﻨﺖ ﺑﺎن اﻟﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬.(DBD) ‫ودور اﻟﺘﺮدد ﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ .‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﺮدد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺆﺛﺮ)اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة واﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن( ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ً إﻟﻰ ظﺮوف اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ Introduction: Plasma in physics is the fourth state of matter and most in the universe, as fire in the sun, stars, while. This term was introduced by Irving Langmuir in 1928, because it resembles the ionic liquids in medicine and biology [1]. Plasma consists of positively and negatively charged ions, electrons and neutral species (atoms, molecules), it divides to types; hot and cold plasma, hot plasma or non-equilibrium plasma consists of very high temperature particles and they are close to the maximum degree of ionization, while cold plasma composed of low temperature particles and relatively high temperature electrons and they have a low degree of ionization [2]. Recently there has been increased interest and development in cold plasma processes working at atmospheric pressure by the growing requirements of new plasma technology that can allow continuous plasma processing,like plasma needle [3,4], the hair line plasma[5],micro capillary plasma jet [6].Cold plasma is used in many areas such as, surface modification of polymers [7], sterilization [8], and inactivation of bacteria [9]. The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is most frequently used as a non-thermal plasma source that can be operated with different gasses at elevated pressures (up to atmospheric pressure) [10, 11]. The plasma is created between two conductive electrodes connected to an AC or pulsed power source. At least one of the DBD electrodes is covered by a dielectric layer, which prevents the arc formation after breakdown. DBD discharge usually consists of a large number of short-living micro channels (filaments) that are randomly distributed over the entire area of the dielectric barrier. Despite a high breakdown voltage in gas at atmospheric pressure (several kV); the average electric current is low [12]. Micro Streamer Discharge In atmospheric pressure gases breakdown in a plane parallel gap with insulated electrodes normally occurs in a large number of individual tiny breakdown channels, referred to as microdischarges. When an overvoltage is applied to the discharge gap electron avalanches soon reach a critical stage where the local “eigenfield” caused by space charge accumulation at the avalanche heads leads to a situation where extremely fast streamer propagation becomes (1) ‫ ﳎﻠﺪ‬/‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

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possible. As a result thin conductive channels are formed. The properties of these microdischarges have been investigated experimentally as well as theoretically [13]. The way the voltage is delivered to the electrode can be quite important. The main issue here is the rise time of the voltage [14]. In dielectric barrier discharges at atmospheric pressure, breakdown occurs following the so-called spark breakdown mechanism [15]. The initial electron avalanche transitions to streamer (Figure 1). Thus, if the voltage is increased slowly, as is the case with sinusoidal excitation wave (~ 1 V/nsec), the number of streamers occurring during a single cycle can be quite high. Since the initial streamer forms a preionized channel, probability of the next streamer to strike in the same position is increased.

Figure (1): Avalanche transition to streamer [15]. So, in the case of a sinusoidal excitation wave, multiple streamers strike in the same position creating a rather energetic channel called microfilament. Time between pulses is sufficient for the gas to return to the initial conditions so that during the next pulse streamers again strike randomly [14]. Of course, decreasing the pulse duration even further would lead to even better conditions for surface treatment. High voltage signal is then taken from the transformer’s secondary coil and collected to the load [16]. In general, DBD plasmas are deemed “non-thermal” as the temperature of ions is significantly lower than that of electrons. However, especially in more filamentary regimes, temperature in the filament can grow above room temperature and potentially damage the surface being treated, particularly in the case of sensitive surfaces like in polymer surface treatment or in biological applications [14, 15]. There is sufficient time for streamer formation and development into filaments (Figure 2). A large number of short-lived microdischarges. Each microdischarge has an almost cylindrical plasma channel, typically of about 100μm radius, and spreads into a larger surface discharge at the dielectric surface(s)[17,18,19]. Figure (2) shows a schematic diagram of a single microdischarge and a simple equivalent circuit.

Fig.(2): Sketch of a microdischarge and a simple equivalent circuit [18]. By applying an electric field larger than the breakdown field local breakdown in the gap is initiated. In the equivalent circuit that this is symbolized by closing a switch and forcing some of the current through the plasma filament, whose resistance R(t) rapidly changes with time. In reality, growing electron avalanches quickly produce such a high space charge that selfpropagating streamers are formed space-charge induced field enhancement at the streamer head, moving much faster than the electron drift velocity, is reflected at the anode and travels back to the cathode where, within a fraction of 1 ns, an extremely thin cathode fall layer is formed [17, 20].


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Experiment Setup Dielectric barrier discharge DBD system is based on a conventional dielectric barrier discharge. It is basically a system driven by alternating current and high voltage applied between two conductors where one or both are covered with a dielectric. That is to limit the current and to prevent transition to an arc. A simplified schematic of the DBD system setup is shown in Figure (3). The system consists of power supply of high voltage (5-25 kV) related to a wire to the copper electrode is surrounded by Teflon; the end of the copper electrode is connected in contact with the glass thickness of 1 mm. Other part of the system is gradually moving catcher connected by a piece of mica to the copper electrode to prevent the transmission of discharge to the catcher moving. Plasma is generated by applying alternating polarity or pulsed high voltage between the insulated electrode and the sample which must be treated. The sample putted on an aluminum substrate. A 1 mm thick polished glass was used as an insulating dielectric barrier. The discharge occurs between the bottom surface of the glass and top surface of the sample. The distance where the discharge occurs was controlled to be (1-3 mm). To accomplish the control ability, the high voltage electrode was connected to a vertical catcher by a positioner. This positioner can be moved up and down easily. The diameter of the copper electrode employed was 2.5 cm. All the treatments are at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and were carried out according to the same procedure. Mica Catching

Wire

Positioner

Copper

HV Teflon Glass Plasma

Substance

Figure (3): Schematic diagram for the DBD system

Electrical measurements: The discharge current was measured by measuring the voltage drop across a resistor with R=50 Ω value that is located in series with discharge electrodes through a digital voltmeter. The frequency of the voltage supplied from a high voltage power supply was measured by the millimeter. Figure (4) show schematic of an electric circuit of a DBD plasma system. Results and discussion: The measuring of the discharge current with variation of the applied voltage of the DBD system at three values of frequency (12, 17, 22 KHz).


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2 1 3

4

HV

Figure (4): Schematic illustrating connection of an electrical circuit of a DBD plasma system, where: 1.H.V power supply, 2.electrodes of DB system 3.resistor 50 Ω 4. Multimeter. (a)

(b)

Figure (5): I-V curve of DBD system at frequency (12 KHz) and distances) 1mm b) 2 mm. Figure (5), shows I-V curve of DBD system at frequency (12 KHz) for of distances between electrodes (1,2 mm) respectively. For figure (5-a), In distance (d=1mm), increasing of applied voltage lead to increasing discharge current, this figure shows that the discharge current increased slightly with the increase of the applied voltage, where the applied voltage is less than the silent discharge, also no discharge could be observed, until reaching the silent discharge voltage which was about (16 Kv) when the distance between electrodes (d= 1 mm). After the silent discharge voltage, the discharge current increased rapidly with the increase of the applied voltage. Because the electrons gain energy to cause further ionization causing an electron avalanche and leading then to the formation of micro-discharge inside the discharge gap of the DBD system [21] Beyond the value (73.4 m A), the discharge current decreased with the increase of the applied voltage. For figure (5-b), shows I-V curve of DBD system at frequency (12 KHz) for of distance between electrodes (d= 2 mm).Increasing of applied voltage lead to increasing discharge current, the discharge current increased slightly with the increase of the applied voltage, where the applied voltage is less than the silent discharge, also no discharge could be observed, until reaching the silent discharge voltage which was about (16 Kv) when the distance between electrodes (d= 2 mm). (1) ‫ ﳎﻠﺪ‬/‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

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After the silent discharge voltage, the discharge current increased rapidly with the increase of the applied voltage. Where the electrons gain energy to cause further ionization causing an electron avalanche and leading then to the formation of micro-discharge inside the discharge gap of the DBD system [19, 21]. Beyond the value (71.3 m A), the discharge current decreased with the increase of the applied voltage. Comparing figure (5-a) and figure (5-b), show that discharge current decreases with the increasing of the distance between the electrodes, this is because when increasing the distance between electrodes at same voltage, the electrons need more energy, i.e. a higher electric field to produce collisions sufficient to generate electrical discharge between the two electrodes. (a)

(b)

Figure (6): I-V curve of DBD system at frequency (17 KHz) and distances a) 1mm b)2 mm. Figure (6), shows I-V curve of DBD system at frequency (17 KHz) of distances between electrodes (1,2mm) respectively. In distance (d=1mm), increasing of applied voltage lead to increasing discharge current, this figure shows that the discharge current increased slightly with the increase of the applied voltage, where the applied voltage is less than the silent discharge, also no discharge could be observed, until reaching the silent discharge voltage which was about (16 Kv) when the distance between electrodes (d= 1 mm). After the silent discharge voltage, the discharge current increased rapidly with the increase of the applied voltage. Where the electrons gain energy to cause further ionization causing an electron avalanche and leading then to the formation of micro-discharge inside the discharge gap of the DBD system [21]. Beyond the value (76 m A), the discharge current decreased with the increase of the applied voltage. Comparing with figure (5) of same distance but with different frequency, the effect of frequency on discharge current, it can be seen that the discharge current increase with the increasing of the frequency of the applied voltage. Figure (6-b), shows I-V curve of DBD system at frequency (17 KHz) of distance between electrodes (d=2mm). In distance (d=2mm), increasing of applied voltage lead to increasing discharge current, this figure shows that the discharge current increased slightly with the increase of the applied voltage, where the applied voltage is less than the silent discharge, also no discharge could be observed, until reaching the silent discharge voltage which was about (16 Kv) when the distance between electrodes (d= 2 mm). After the silent discharge voltage, the discharge current increased rapidly with the increase of the applied voltage. Where the electrons gain energy to cause further ionization causing an electron avalanche and leading then to the formation of micro-discharge inside the discharge gap of the DBD system. Beyond the value (72.4 mA), the discharge current decreased with the increase of the applied voltage. While the discharge current was (76 mA) show that discharge current decreases with the increasing of the distance between the electrodes, this is because when increasing the distance


482




between electrodes at same voltage, the electrons need more energy, i.e. a higher electric field to produce collisions sufficient to generate electrical discharge between the two electrodes. Comparing of same distance but with different frequency, the effect of frequency on discharge current, it can be seen that the discharge current increase with the increasing of the frequency of the applied voltage. (a)

(b)

Figure (7): I-V curve of DBD system at frequency (22 KHz) and distances a) 1mm b)2mm. Figure (7), shows I-V curve of DBD system at frequency (22 KHz) of distances between electrodes (1,2 mm)respectively. In distance (d=1mm), increasing of applied voltage lead to increasing discharge current, this figure shows that the discharge current increased slightly with the increase of the applied voltage, where the applied voltage is less than the silent discharge, also no discharge could be observed, until reaching the silent discharge voltage which was about (16 Kv) when the distance between electrodes (d= 1 mm). After the silent discharge voltage, the discharge current increased rapidly with the increase of the applied voltage. Where the electrons gain energy to cause further ionization causing an electron avalanche and leading then to the formation of micro-discharge inside the discharge gap of the DBD system. Beyond the value (77.1 m A), the discharge current decreased with the increase of the applied voltage. Comparing figures of same distance but with different frequencies, the effect of frequency on discharge current, it can be seen that the discharge current increase with the increasing of the frequency of the applied voltage. Figure (7-b), shows I-V curve of DBD system at frequency (22 KHz) of distance between electrodes (d=2mm). In distance (d=2mm), increasing of applied voltage lead to increasing discharge current, this figure shows that the discharge current increased slightly with the increase of the applied voltage, where the applied voltage is less than the silent discharge, also no discharge could be observed, until reaching the silent discharge voltage which was about (16 Kv) when the distance between electrodes (d= 2 mm). After the silent discharge voltage, the discharge current increased rapidly with the increase of the applied voltage. Where the electrons gain energy to cause further ionization causing an electron avalanche and leading then to the formation of micro-discharge inside the discharge gap of the DBD system [21]. Beyond the value (76.3 m A), the discharge current decreased with the increase of the applied voltage. While the discharge current was (77.1 m A) show that discharge current decreases with the increasing of the distance between the electrodes, this is because when increasing the distance between electrodes at same voltage, the electrons need more energy, i.e. a higher electric field to produce collisions sufficient to generate electrical discharge between the two electrodes. (1) ‫ ﳎﻠﺪ‬/‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

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Comparing figures of same distance but with different frequencies, the effect of frequency on discharge current, it can be seen that the discharge current increase with the increasing of the frequency of the applied voltage. Figures (5) to (7) show I-V curve of DBD system for two values of distance between electrodes (1, 2 mm), where discharge current increased with the decrease of the distance between electrodes.In atmospheric plasma the pressure of the gas is constant; the breakdown voltage depends on the distance between the electrodes only [21, 22]. Conclusion: Increasing of applied voltage lead to increasing discharge current, discharge current decreases with the increasing of the distance between the electrodes, in atmospheric plasma the pressure of the gas is constant; the breakdown voltage depends on the distance between the electrodes only, also no effect of the frequency taken in this study (12, 17, 22 KHz) could be found on silent discharge voltage; also maximum value of the current was at frequency (17 KHz). Acknowledgments I would like to express special words of thanks with deepest appreciation of collage science and plasma Laboratories in Baghdad university, also the Staff working in these Laboratories. References: [1] Conrads H, Schmidt M: Plasma generation and plasma sources. Plasma Sources Sci Technol

9:441–454, 2000. [2]Tendero C, Tixier C, Tristant P, Desmaison J, Leprince P: Atmospheric pressure plasmas: A review. Spectrochim Acta Part B 61:2–30, 2006 [3] M. Backer; Development and characterization of a plasma needle for Biomedical Application. Thesis submitted to Aachen University of Applied Science (2007). [4] Hammad R.Humud, Ahamad S.Wasfi,Wafaa Abd Al-Razaq,Mazin S.El-Ansary,"Argon plasma needle source",Iraqi Journal of physics,2012,vol.10,No.17,pp.53-57 [5] R. Bussiahn, R. Brandenburg, T.Gerling,E.Kindel, H. Lang,N.Lembke: The hairline plasma: An intermittent negative dc-corona discharge at atmospheric pressure for plasma medical application:Applied physics Letters,96 (2010 ) 143701. [6] Hammad R.Humud, Ahamad S. Wasfi, Wafaa Abd Al-Razaq, "Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma jet ",Iraqi Journal of physics,2013,vol.10,No.16,pp.40-48 [7]T.P.Kasih,Development of novel potential of plasma polymerization techniques for surface modification, dissertation submitted to graduate school of engineering Gunma University for degree of doctor of Engineering,(2007). [8] K.Kitano, H.Furusha, Y.Nagasaki, S. Ikawa,and S.Hamaguchi,28th International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases was held in prague, the capital of the Czech Republic,1131-1134,(2007). [9]G. Fridman, Direct plasma interaction with living tissue a thesis submitted to the faculty of Drexel University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September,2008. [10]Yang L Q, Chen J R, Gao J L, et al. 2009, Applied Surface Science, 255: 4446 [11]Chiang M H, Rocha V, Koga-Ito C Y, et al. 2010, Surface & Coatings Technology, 204: 2954 [12] Chang M H, Wu J Y, Li Y H, et al. 2010, Surface &Coatings Technology, 204: 3729 [13] Z. Falkenstein, J. Appl. Phys. 81 (1997) 5975-5979. [14] Chirokov, A., A. Gutsol, A. Fridman, K. Sieber, J. Grace, and K. Robinson, A Study of TwoDimensional Microdischarge Pattern Formation in Dielectric Barrier Discharges. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 2006. 26(2): p. 127-135. [15] Fridman, A. and Y.I. Cho, Transport Phenomena in Plasma (Advances in Heat Transfer). Vol. 40. 2007: Academic Press. 668. [16] Laroussi, M., I. Alexeff, and W.L. Kang, Biological decontamination by nonthermal plasmas. Plasma Science, IEEE Transactions on, 2000. 28(1): p. 184-188. [17] D. G. Boyers and W. A. Tiller, Appl. Phys. Lett. 41, 28 (1982). [18] E. Ammelt, D. Schweng, and H.-G. Purwins, Phys. Lett. A 179, 348 (1993). [19] V. I. Gibalov and G. Pietsch, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 68, 839 (1994). [20] G. Steinle, D. Neundorf, W. Hiller, and M. Pietralla, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 32, 1350(1999). [21] Morgan N., Metawa A and Garamon A.A.,2010,Direct and Indirect Plasma Yeast sterilization. Fizika A, 19 (2), pp:83-92.


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Structural and Optical properties of Cr2O3 thin films prepared via R.F. magnetron sputtering Prof. Dr. Abdulhussein K. Elttayef Assist. Prof. Dr. Muneer. H. Jaddaa Nadia. M. Majeed Abstract Cr2O3 thin films have been deposited at different thicknesses (105, 210 and 265) nm onto glass substrates by a radio frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering process using Cr2O3 target under Ar pressure. The sputtering deposition was performed by using R.F. power of 150W. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveals that the deposited Cr2O3 films were polycrystalline formed by nanoparticles with average particle size in the range of 2.38 nm, 2.7nm and 3.38 nm for thicknesses 105, 210 and 265 nm respectively. The optical properties concerning the absorption and transmission spectra were studied for the prepared thin films. Optical band gaps were calculated and found to be (3.95, 3.90, and 3.85) eV for the thicknesses (105, 210, and 265) nm respectively. ‫اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﯿﺔ واﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺸﯿﺔ اوﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮوم اﻟﺮﻗﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻀﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺮذﯾﺬ اﻟﻤﺎﻛﻨﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ذي اﻟﺘﺮدد اﻟﺮادﯾﻮي‬ **

‫ ﻧﺎدﯾﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺠﯿﺪ‬,** ‫ ﻣﻨﯿﺮ ھﻠﯿﻞ ﺟﺪوع‬.‫ د‬.‫ م‬.‫ أ‬,* ‫ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﺧﻀﯿﺮ ﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬.‫د‬.‫أ‬ ‫ **ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ واﺳﻂ‬,‫* وزارة اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫( ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ زﺟﺎﺟﯿﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺮذﯾﺬ‬265 ،210 ،105) ‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ أﻏﺸﯿﺔ اوﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮوم اﻟﺮﻗﯿﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻤﺎك ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ وان اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﻨﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ذي اﻟﺘﺮدد اﻟﺮادﯾﻮي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أھﺪاف ﻣﻦ اوﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮوم وﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻏﺎز اﻻرﻛﻮن‬ ‫ أﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺣﯿﻮد اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﺑﺎن أﻏﺸﯿﺔ اوﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮوم اﻟﺮﻗﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﺒﺔ ھﻲ ذات ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺑﻠﻮري‬.‫ واط‬150 ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮذﯾﺬ ھﻲ‬ ‫( ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬265 ،210 ،105) ‫( ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﻸﺳﻤﺎك‬3.38 ،2.70 ،2.38) ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻮر ﻣﻊ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺣﺒﯿﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﯾﺘﺮاوح ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺔ ﻷﻏﺸﯿﺔ اوﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻜﺮوم اﻟﺮﻗﯿﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ طﯿﻒ اﻟﻨﻔﺎذﯾﺔ واﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﯿﺔ وﺗﻢ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﻟﻸﻏﺸﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻀﺮة‬-‫( اﻟﻜﺘﺮون‬3.85 ،3.90 ،3.95) ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻓﺠﻮة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻼﻏﺸﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻀﺮة وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺎوي‬ .‫( ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬265 ،210 ،105) ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻤﺎك‬ 1. Introduction Among the different chromium oxide solid phases, Cr2O3 is the most stable, existing in a wide range of temperature and pressure [1]. It exhibits many attractive tribological properties, such as high hardness (29.5 GPa) and high melting point (~2300 ºC) combined with chemical inertness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, and high temperature oxidation resistance [2,3]. Regarding magnetic behavior, Cr2O3 is antiferromagnetic with a Néel temperature of 307 K [4]; however, the antiferromagnetic character can be changed to weak ferromagnetism [5] and even superparamagnetism [6] when chromia nanoparticles are considered. On the other hand, despite its intrinsic insulator nature, Cr2O3 films can present either p-type or n-type semiconductor behavior, depending on the growth conditions [7]. It also shows a high solar absorption coefficient and low thermal emissivity [8]. The confluence of all these properties in a single material makes Cr2O3 a key material for the development of a broad range of industrial applications .A wide variety of chemical and physical methods have been used for large area synthesis of Cr2O3 films, e.g. chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at either atmospheric [9,10] or low pressure [11], plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) [12,13], electrode position [14], metal oxidation [15], chemical spray pyrolysis [16], RF magnetron sputtering [17,18], molecular beam epitaxy [19,20] and atomic layer deposition [21]. Laserassisted chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) can be an advantageous technique whenever selective area growth or thermally sensitive substrate materials are required. Dowben and coauthors [22] achieved the synthesis of films containing both Cr2O3 and CrO2 on Si(111) wafers, in static reactive atmosphere at low pressure of ~10 -3 Pa, by using a nitrogen laser (λ = 337 nm) and Cr(CO)6 as chromium precursor. Looking for a better efficiency of the deposition process, we have previously explored dynamic atmospheres at higher pressure (~10 Pa) using KrF laser radiation (λ = 248 nm) for which the Cr(CO)6 absorption cross section (5×10 -17 cm2) is much higher than for the nitrogen laser (