private and public secondary schools us ing Akoko North-West district in Ondo State, Nigeria as a case study. The study used 3 research questions in a bid to ...
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COMPARATI VESTUDYOFSTAFFWELFAREADMI NI STRATI ONI NPUBLI C ANDPRI VATESECONDARYSCHOOLSI NAKOKONORTHWESTLOCAL GOVERNMENTAREAOFONDOSTATE. Aki nf ol ar i nAki nwal eVi ct or
Depar t mentofEducat i onal ManagementandPol i cy, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, Anambr aSt at e, Ni ger i a. Emai l : aki nf ol ar i nav@gmai l . com ( 08137120446, 08072559328)
Bei ngaPaperPr esent edatt he2017AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft he t h t h Facul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27 29 , Apr i l .
Abst r act .Thi sst udycr i t i cal l yexami nest headmi ni st r at i on ofst af fwel f ar eser vi cesi n pr i vat eandpubl i csecondar yschool susi ngAkokoNor t hWestdi st r i cti nOndoSt at e,Ni ger i a asacasest udy.Thest udyused3r esear chquest i onsi nabi dt ogui det her esear cher .The popul at i onoft hest udywast en( 10)pr i vat eandf i f t een( 15)publ i csecondar yschool si nt he ar eaofst udy.Fi f t y( 50)t eacher swer esel ect edf r om t en( 10)secondar yschool susi ng si mpl er andom sampl i ng t echni ques. Dat a wer ecol l ect ed and anal yzed usi ng si mpl e per cent agemet hod.Thef i ndi ngsr eveal edt hatTeacher s’i npubl i csecondar yschool sdoes enj oyr egul arpaymentofsal ar i esandal l owancescompar et ot eacher si npr i vat esecondar y school s,publ i csecondar yschool sar ef ai r l yequi ppedwi t hnecessar yf aci l i t i essuchas t oi l et sandheal t hcent er scompar et ot eacher si npr i vat esecondar yschool s,t hatempl oyer s i n pr i vat e secondar y school s pr ovi de paymentoft r anspor t at i on al l owance,housi ng al l owancewhi l eempl oyer si npubl i csecondar yschool sdonotandt hatr egul arpaymentof t eacher s’sal ar yenhancest hei rj obpr oduct i vi t y.Baseont hef i ndi ngs,i twasr ecommended t hatgover nmentshoul densur epr operf undi ngofeducat i onandputi npl acegoodwel f ar e pr ogr am whi chembr acesi nsur ancescheme,st udyl eave,wor kshopsemi nar s,l eavebonus, carl oan,housi ngal l owance,r entsubsi dy,r egul arpaymentofsal ar y,heal t hal l owanceand soon,shoul dbepr ovi dedasappl i cabl et oot herpr of essi ons.Teacher sshoul dr ecei ve Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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at t r act i vesal ar i esandal l owancesandot heri ncent i vesshoul dbegi vent ot het eacher st o boostt hei rmor alandi mpr ovet hei rst andar dofl i vi ng.Consequent l y,t hei rpr oduct i vi t yi nt he school swoul dbei mpr oved. Keywor ds:St af f ;Wel f ar eAdmi ni st r at i on;Publ i cSchool s;Pr i vat eSchool s;JobSat i sf act i on I .
I nt r oduct i on
St af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i onhasnowbecomeanaccept edt r endoft heover al lor gani zat i onal humanr esour cespol i cy.Fort hepur poseoft hi sst udy,st af fwel f ar ei sdef i nedasanyef f or t t hati scar r i edouti nor dert oensur ej obsat i sf act i onandi mpr ovementofempl oyeesi nany ent er pr i se.Wel f ar epol i cydoesnotonl yi ncl udemoney, butot herpackagessuchasempl oyer andempl oyeei nt er per sonalr el at i onshi p,asi ti sof t ent i mesgear edpur posel yt owar dst he enr i chmentofper sonnelper f or mance.St af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni st hepr ocessoractof pr ovi di ng wel f ar e packages and pr ogr ams t o ensur e wor ker s’j ob sat i sf act i on and i mpr ovementi nanyent er pr i se. Theconceptofempl oyeewel f ar ehasbeenusedbymanyor gani zat i onsasast r at egy ofi mpr ovi ngpr oduct i vi t yofempl oyeesespeci al l yi nt hemobi l ei ndust r ysi ncewor kr el at ed pr obl emscanl eadt opoorqual i t yofl i f ef orempl oyeesandadecl i nei nper f or mance( Manzi ni &Gwandur e,2011) .Al so,Ni ger i aasadevel opi ngnat i onhasbeenwi t nessi ngf l uct uat i ng economypar t i cul ar l yi nt heper i odofr ecessi onwhi chhasi nf l i ct edhar dshi ponwor ker s’i n bot h publ i c and pr i vat e sect or s,based on t hi s,educat i on sect ori n Ni ger i a has been exper i enci ngnumer ouschal l engesr angi ngf r om i nsuf f i ci entf undi ng,del ayi npaymentof sal ar i es,i nadequat est af fwel f ar epol i ci est or emedyt heef f ectofeconomi cr ecessi onand ensur et eacher s’ j obsat i sf act i onf orpr oduct i vi t y. However ,wel f ar eadmi ni st r at i ondi f f er sf r om oneor gani zat i ont ot heot herf r om one sect ort ot heot her ,l eadert ot heot her ,al sof r om st at eorl ocat i ont ot heot her .Thest udyi s sett ocompar et hewel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat esecondar yschool s. I I .
Admi ni st r at i onofSt af fWel f ar eSer vi ces
St af fwel f ar e admi ni st r at i on i st he pr ocess oractofpr ovi di ng wel f ar e packages and pr ogr amst oensur ewor ker s’j obsat i sf act i onandi mpr ovementi nanyent er pr i se.Fasanmi ( 2004)opi nedt hatt her ei si nadequacyi nt hemanagementofwel f ar eoft hei nst r uct i onal st af fi nNi ger i a, t heNi ger i auni onoft eacher smadeapr esent at i ont ot hef eder algover nment t osetupanat i onalmachi ner yofr egul at i ngt hesal ar i esandcondi t i onofser vi cest oschool st af fal loverNi ger i aasacont i nui ngbasi s.Thest at eschoolboar di schar gewi t ht hewel f ar e admi ni st r at i on,appoi nt ment ,t r ansf er ,di sci pl i ne,al l ocat i on ofdi vi si onalschoolboar d, paymentofsal ar i es,al l owance,l eavebonus,ar r ear sonsal ar i esandpensi onschemes.The Feder alRepubl i cofNi ger i a( 2004)st r essedt heneedt oaccor dt eacher swel f ar eapr omi nent Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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pl ace i n educat i on pl anni ng as t he maj orgr i evances oft eacherconcer ni ng wor kl oad, i nadequat esal ar i es,avai l abi l i t yoff r i nged,benef i t s,f ai r nessofst af feducat i on,andi nsi st ent uponspeci f i cr equi r ementar eassoci at edwi t hpr of essi onalgr owt h.Thef ol l owi ngcanal so beconsi der edaswel f ar epackagesf orsecondar yschoolst af f s;
Adequat eSchoolf aci l i t i es Ret i r ementPensi on Mot orVehi cl eandAl l owance Or i ent at i onofTeacher s I nsur anceScheme Housi ngLoanandRentSubsi dy LeaveandLeaveBonusand Teacher s’ Pr of essi onalDevel opmentPr ogr ams
Educat i onalmanager smustaccur at el yi dent i f yt hemosti mpor t antneedsoft hei rst af f andmat cht heoppor t uni t i est ot heneedsofi ndi vi dualt eacher si ni nst i t ut i onofl ear ni ng. Educat i onall eader smustbeonal er tt hateachi ndi vi dualhasdi f f er encesr egar di ngneeds andt heydi f f ergr eat l yf r om i ndi vi dualt oanot her .Ar i kewuyo( 2000)obser vet hatt eacher s cannotper f or m anymeani ngf ulwor kwi t houtadequat e wel f ar e packages and physi cal f aci l i t i es i nt er ms i nst r uct i onalmat er i al s and ot heri nf r ast r uct ur e.I nst i t ut i onalf aci l i t i es shoul dal socont i nuet obepr ovi dedt of aci l i t at eef f ect i vet eachi nganddel i ver yofknowl edge asi ti mpr ovesacademi cper f or mance( Aki nf ol ar i n&Ehi nol a, 2014) . I I I .
Teacher ’ sWel f ar eandThei rPr of essi onalDevel opment
Ni ger i at eacher s see t eachi ng as a j ob t hathas no pr est i ge and does notenj oyany r ecogni t i onf r om t hepubl i c.Thej obat t i t udeofmanager sofsecondar yschool si nNi ger i ai s notdi f f er entei t her( Ar i kewuyo,2000) .I nast udyconduct edbyBennel landAkyeampong ( 2007) ,l ar gesi zeofschooll ect ur er swer ei nadequat el ymot i vat edi nSout hAsi aandsubsahar anAf r i ca.Asobser vedbyHar t mann( 2008) ,pr i vat et ut or i ngi nEgypthasbeenl i nked wi t hl ackofpr of essi onalpr est i geasar esul tofl i t t l ecompensat i onandl ow pl anni ngand t eachi ng aut onomy.Wemer el yneed t o add t hatt hequal i t yofeducat i on i snott o be measur edonl ybyt hel engt hofyear soft het r ai ni ngort henameoft hecer t i f i cat e.Thequal i t y oft eacherr emai nst heval i dst andar dofmeasur e;t hi sshowst hatpr of essi onalef f i ci encyof t het eachercanbel i mi t edbyt hei nadequat ecar ef ort het eacher ’ squal i t y. Ol ukoyai nThi sdayedi t i onof10th, ( 2012)i nanaddr esst i t l ed“ t akeast andf ort eacher s” r egr et t edt hatt eacher sar eamongt hel owestpai dpr of essi onal si nmostcount r i esoft he wor l d;hencet heyar esodownt r oddenandunappr eci at ed“ evenwhent hei rcol l eaguescome t opowerasi nNi ger i at oday, t hei rsal ar i esandwel f ar econcer nsr emai natt hel owestebband t hei rpr of essi onst i l last hest at usofobsol escence, soci alcont empt ? Accor di ng t o Hussi an ( 2003) ,ul t i mat el y al lsecondar y schoolcoul d be upgr aded i nt o Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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i nst i t ut i onofqual i t yeducat i ont hr oughpr ovi si onofqual i t yt eacher ’ spr of essi on.Teacher s ar eper cei vedt obedepr i vedofopt i onsf orcar eerdevel opmentespeci al l ybecauseoft he meagersal ar i es, whi chi snotenought osust ai nt hei rf ami l y. I V.
Wel f ar eSer vi cesf orSt af fPer f or mance
Ther ol eofwel f ar eact i vi t i esi st opr omot eeconomi cdevel opmentbyi ncr easi ngef f i ci ency andpr oduct i vi t ywi t ht heunder l yi ngpr i nci pl ebei ngmaki ngwor ker sgi vet hei rl oyalser vi ces ungr udgi ngl yi ngenui nespi r i tofcooper at i onandt hegener alwel l bei ngoft heempl oyee ( Pr i t i , 2009) .Goodwel f ar eser vi cesencour ageempl oyeest oi mpr ovet hei rwor kper f or mance. Thus,uppr oduct i vi t y.Adedi wur aandTayo( 2007) ,St ar r( 2002)andot her shaver ecogni zed t eacherwel f ar easani ndi spensabl e, andt hatt heygoal ongwayt odet er mi net hel evelofj ob per f or mancei nanyor gani zat i on. Teacherper f or mancei sst i l lacr i t i calf act ori nmostdevel opi ngcount r i est hatar e i mpl ement i nguni ver salpr i mar yeducat i onyett hequal i t yofaneducat i onsyst em dependson t heper f or manceofi t st eacher s( Ochwo,2013) .Thedef i ci enci esi nt hewel f ar epr ogr am of humanr esour cesmanagementneedt obecor r ect edbymeansofwel f ar escheme.Whawo ( 2003)al soemphasi zeont headvancementofst af fwel f ar eandski l l sf orbet t erper f or mance. Aki nf ol ar i nandEhi nol a( 2014)r ecommendedt hatmanagementofhi gheri nst i t ut i onsof l ear ni ngshoul di nvestmor ei npr omptpaymentofl ect ur er s’sal ar i esandot hernecessar y r emuner at i ons and al l owances t of ur t heradvance l ect ur er s per f or mance as secondar y school sar enotl ef tout .Abej i r i nde( 2009)conduct edast udyandal sodi scover edt hat pr omot i on hassi gni f i cantr el at i onshi p wi t h empl oyees’per f or mancei ncl udi ng academi c per f or mancei nt heeducat i onent er pr i se.Ast udycar r i edoutbyAki nf ol ar i nandEhi nol a( 2014) r eveal st hatpr ovi si onofr egul arpaymentofsal ar yandot herr emuner at i onbyt hehead pr omot est heper f or manceofl ect ur er s. Themor alofat eacheri saf r agi l et hi ng,becauset heval ueofanat i on’ seducat i oni s pr emi sed on t he qual i t y oft eacher s,t her ef or e,i tneeds a l otofat t ent i on by school admi ni st r at or sandt hesoci et yatl ar ge.Theat t i t udesofanyt eachert owar dshi swor khi ghl y depend on t hef eel i ng hehast owar dst hej ob whi ch i sl at err ef l ect ed on t het ypeof commi t menthedi spl ay.Foranyschool ,bei tpubl i corpr i vat et oachi evei t sobj ect i ves,t he wor ker smor al emustbel i f t ed. V.
St at ementoft hePr obl em
I thasbeen obser ved i n Ni ger i at hatoneoft hei mmedi at epr obl emsconf r ont i ng t eacher si sl ackofwel ladmi ni st er edwel f ar eser vi ces.Educat i onsect ori nNi ger i ahas beenexper i enci ngnumer ouschal l engesr angi ngf r om i nsuf f i ci entf undi ng,del ayi n paymentofsal ar i es,i nadequat est af fwel f ar epol i ci esamongot her s.Thei nt ent i onof t hest udyi st of i ndoutt hewel f ar eser vi cesavai l abl et ot eacher si npubl i candpr i vat e school s compar i ng t hei rsi mi l ar i t i es and di f f er ences.Thi si st her ef or e,ai ms at Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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i nvest i gat i ngt hosewel f ar eser vi cesadmi ni st er edt ot hest af fi nvar i ouspr i vat eand publ i csecondar yschool si n“ AkokoNor t hWestar eaofOndoSt at e. VI .
Pur poseoft heSt udy
Themai npur poseoft hest udyi st ocompar et headmi ni st r at i onofst af fwel f ar eser vi cesi n pr i vat eandpubl i csecondar yschool si nAkokoNor t hWestdi st r i ctofOndoSt at e.Speci f i cal l y, t hest udyi ssetoutt oi dent i f yt he; 1.Wel f ar epackagesavai l abl et ost af fi npubl i candpr i vat esecondar yschool s. 2.Per cept i onofst af font hei mpactofwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i onont hei rpr oduct i vi t yi n publ i candpr i vat esecondar yschool s. 3.Per cei vedcausesofi nadequat est af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nAkokoNor t hWestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e. VI I . Resear chQuest i ons Toef f ect i vel ycar r youtt her esear ch, t hebel owquest i onswer escr ut i ni zed; 1.Whatar et hewel f ar epackagesavai l abl et ost af fi npubl i candpr i vat esecondar y school s? 2.Whatar et heper cept i onsofst af font hei mpactofwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i onont hei r pr oduct i vi t yi npubl i candpr i vat esecondar yschool ? 3.Whatar et heper cei vedcausesofi nadequat est af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i cand pr i vat esecondar yschool si nAkokoNor t hWestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.
VI I I . Met hod Thest udyi sadescr i pt i ver esear chsur veyt ype.Al lt het eacher si nbot hpubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nAkokoNor t hWestl ocalgover nmentar eai nOndoSt at ewer eusedas t hest udypopul at i on.However , t her ear ef i f t een( 15)publ i csecondar yschool swhi l et en( 10) pr i vat esecondar yschool si nAkokoNor t hWestar eaofOndo.Fi ve( 5)publ i csecondar y school sandf i ve( 5)pr i vat esecondar yschool swer er andoml ysel ect ed.Fi f t y( 50)t eacher s wer esel ect edusi ngsi mpl er andom sampl i ngt echni ques.Fi ve( 5)t eacher swer echosen f r om eachschoolsampl ed.Onemai ni nst r umentwasused;Quest i onnai r et i l l edSt af fWel f ar e Admi ni st r at i onQuest i onnai r e( SWAQ)wasused.Thef i r stpar tofquest i onnai r econt ai nedt he demogr aphi cdat a,whi chi ncl udeage,sex,andqual i f i cat i onswhi l et heot herpar tcont ai ned t he quest i onnai r ei t ems.The i nst r umentwas t est ed f orr el i abi l i t y.Dat a col l ect ed wer e anal yzedusi ngsi mpl eper cent age. Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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I X.
Resul tandDi scussi on
TABLEI :Avai l abi l i t yofWel f ar eSer vi cesf orSt af fi nPubl i candPr i vat eSecondar y school s St at ement
Publ i c
Pr i vat e
Regul arpaymentofsal ar y
A 7
% 28
D 18
% 72
Tot al A % D 25 22 88 3
% Tot al 12 25
Sal ar yadvancepayment
11
44
14
56
25
23 92 2
8
St af ft oi l et 14 Pr ovi si on of heal t h cent r e 11 ser vi ces Si ckl eavet ost af f 14 Pensi on and r et i r ement 12 scheme Payment of Housi ng 11 al l owancet ost af f Payment of Tr anspor t at i on 7 al l owance
56 36
11 16
44 64
25 25
24 96 1 21 84 4
4 25 16 25
56 52
11 12
44 48
25 25
13 52 7 18 72 7
28 20 28 25
44
14
56
25
12 48 13
52 25
28
18
72
25
19 76 6
24 25
25
Thedat af r om t abl eshowst hat28% oft her espondent sf r om publ i csecondar y school sagr eedt or egul arpaymentofsal ar i esand88%oft her espondent sf r om t hepr i vat e secondar yschool sagr eedwhi l e72%oft her espondent sf r om t hepubl i csecondar yschool s and12%f r om pr i vat esecondar yschool sar enotsat i sf i edwi t ht hepaymentofsal ar y. Fr om t het abl e,onl y44% oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolt eacher sagr eet hatt hei r sal ar yi spayonadvance,si mi l ar i t yf ort hepr i vat esecondar yschool s92%oft eacher sagr ee t hatt hei rsal ar y was pay on advance payment .56% oft he publ i c secondar y school r espondent sdi sagr eet hatt hei rsal ar yi spayon advancewi t ht hei rj ob.I nt hepr i vat e secondar yschool s8%oft het eacher sdi sagr eedt hatt hei rsal ar yi spayonadvancewi t ht he j ob. Thet abl ecl ear l yshowst hat56%publ i cschoolt eacher si ncl udi ng96%pr i vat eschool st af fr espondent sagr eet hatt hei rschoolhavest af ft oi l etwhi l eonl y44% oft hepubl i c secondar yschoolst af fand 4% oft he pr i vat e secondar yschoolst af fdi sagr ee on t he pr ovi si onofst af ft oi l et . Thet abl ef ur t hershow t hat36% ofpubl i csecondar yschool spr ovi deheal t hcent r e ser vi cef ort hei rst af fwhi l e84% oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolst af fdi sagr eedont he pr ovi si onofheal t hcent r eser vi ce.I nt hepr i vat esecondar yschool84% oft her espondent s Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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agr eet hatt hei rempl oyer spr ovi deheal t hcent r eser vi cewhi l e16%oft hem di sagr eet ot al l y. Fr om t abl e,i ti sobvi oust hat56% oft het eacher sf r om t hepubl i csecondar yschool and52%oft hepr i vat esecondar yschoolr espondent sagr eedwi t ht hepr ovi si onofsi ckl eave whi l e44%oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolr espondent sdi sagr eedwi t ht hepr ovi si onofsi ck l eaveand28%pr i vat eschoolt eacher sdi sagr eed. Theabovet abl eshows52% oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolagr eet hatt heempl oyer ( Gover nment )pai d pensi on and r et i r ementf und t ot he st af fwhi l e 48% oft he publ i c secondar yschooldi sagr eedt hatt hei rempl oyerpayspensi onandr et i r ementf undt ost af f .I n t hepr i vat esecondar yschool s28% oft het eacher sagr eet hatt hei rempl oyer spayt hei r pensi onandr et i r ementf undt ost af fwhi l e72%oft her espondent sdi sagr eet ot al l y. Thet abl eaboveshows44%ofpubl i csecondar yschoolr espondentand48%ofpr i vat e secondar yschoolst af fr espondentagr eet hatt hei rempl oyerpr ovi dehousi ngal l owance r egul ar l ywhi l e56% publ i cschoolst af faswel las52% pr i vat eschoolst af fdi sagr eedt hat t hei rempl oyer spr ovi dehousi ngal l owancet ot hem. Last l y,28% oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolst af fand76% oft hepr i vat esecondar y schoolst af fagr eewi t ht r anspor t at i onal l owancepayment , whi l e72%oft hepubl i csecondar y schoolr espondent sand 24% oft hepr i vat esecondar yschoolr espondent sdi sagr eeon paymentoft r anspor t at i onal l owance. Tabl eI I:Per cept i onsofst af font hei mpactofwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i onont hei rpr oduct i vi t y St at ement Publ i c Pr i vat e A % D Payment of r egul ar sal ar y 22 88 3 enhancesmyj obpr oduct i vi t y Advance paymentof sal ar y 17 68 8 pr omot emyj obper f or mance Pr ovi si on of St af f t oi l et 13 enhancemyj obsat i sf act i on Avai l abi l i t yofHeal t hser vi ces 22 encour age my j ob per f or mance Gr ant i ng of Si ck l eave 18 pr omot emyj obsat i sf act i on Theknowl edgeofpensi onand 20 r et i r ementscheme enhances mypr oduct i vi t y
% 12
Tot al A 25 23
% 95
D 2
% 8
Tot al 25
36
25
23
92
2
8
25
52 12 48
25
20
80
5
20
25
88 3
12
25
25
100 0
0
25
72 7
28
25
21
84
4
16
25
80 5
20
25
8
32
17 68
25
Fr om t abl eI I .I ti sobvi oust hat88%oft her espondent sf r om t hepubl i csecondar yschool s and95%oft hepr i vat esecondar yschoolr espondent sagr eet hatr egul arsal ar yenhancet hei r Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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j obpr oduct i vi t ywhi l e12%publ i cschoolr espondent saswel las8%oft hepr i vat esecondar y schoolr espondent sdi sagr eest hatr egul arsal ar yenhancet hei rj obpr oduct i vi t y. Tabl eI If ur t herr evealt hat68% oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolt eacher sagr eet hat advancepaymentofsal ar ypr omot et hei rj obper f or mance,92% oft hepr i vat esecondar y schoolt eacher sagr eet hatadvancepaymentpr omot et hei rj obper f or mancewhi l e36%oft he publ i csecondar yschoolr espondentdi sagr eet hatadvancepaymentofsal ar ypr omot et hei r j obper f or manceand8% oft hepr i vat esecondar yschoolr espondent sal sodi sagr eet hat advancepaymentofsal ar yenhancet hei rj obper f or mance. 52% oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolt eacher sagr eet hathavi ngst af ft oi l etenhance t hei rj obsat i sf act i on,i nt hepr i vat esecondar yschool ,80% agr eet hathavi ngst af ft oi l et enhancet hei rj obsat i sf act i on, whi l e12%oft hepubl i csecondar yst af fand20%oft hepr i vat e secondar yschool st af fdi sagr eeonst af ft oi l et . Thet abl ecl ear l yshowst hat88%ofpubl i csecondar yschoolr espondent sand100%of t hepr i vat esecondar yschoolr espondent sst r ongl yagr eedt hatheal t hser vi ceencour aget hei r j obper f or mance.Onl y12% publ i csecondar yschoolst af f swhi l e0% pr i vat eschoolst af f di sagr eedt hatheal t hser vi cesencour agest hei rper f or mance. Thet abl ef ur t hershowst hat72%oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolr espondent sand84% oft hepr i vat esecondar yschoolagr eet hatgr adi ngsi ckl eaveusual l ypr omot et hei rj ob sat i sf act i on,whi l eonl y28%oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolt eacher sand16%oft hepr i vat e secondar yschoolt eacher sdi sagr eedt hatgr ant i ngsi ckl eavet ost af fdonotpr omot et hei r j obsat i sf act i on. Last l y,80% ofpubl i csecondar yschoolr espondent sagr eedt hatt heknowl edgeof pensi onandr et i r ementschemeenhancest hei rj obpr oduct i vi t y,i npr i vat esecondar yschool 32%oft her espondent sagr eedt hatt heknowl edgeofpensi onandr et i r ementenhancet hei r j obpr oduct i vi t y.Whi l e20% oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolandpr i vat esecondar yschool r espondent sdi sagr eewi t hpensi onandr et i r ementscheme. TABLE I I I : Per cei ved Causes ofI nadequat e St af fWel f ar e Admi ni st r at i on i n Secondar y School s St at ement Publ i c Pr i vat e A % D % Tot al A I nsensi bi l i t yoft hel eader st o pr ovi de 15 60 10 40 25 8 wel f ar eser vi ces
% D % Tot al 32 22 68 25
Lackofpr operf undi ng Mi smanagementofwel f ar er esour ces
20 80 5 20 25 12 48 13 52 25
17 68 8 17 68 8
32 25 32 25
Lackofgoodwel f ar epol i cy Vandal i zat i onofwel f ar ef aci l i t i es
18 72 7 28 25 7 28 18 72 25
7 28 18 72 25 12 48 13 52 25
Tabl eI I Ishowst her esponsesoft eacher sont hei rpr omot i onandpr obl em ofwel f ar e ser vi ce.60%oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolr espondent sagr eeoni nsensi t i vi t yoft hel eader Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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t opr ovi dewel f ar eser vi ce,whi l e32%oft hepr i vat esecondar yschoolr espondent sagr eeon t hei nsensi t i vi t yoft hei npr ovi di ngwel f ar eser vi ce.Whi l e40%oft hepubl i csecondar yschool r espondent sdi sagr ee.68%ofpr i vat esecondar yschoolal sodi sagr eesoni nsensi t i vi t yoft he l eader si npr ovi di ngwel f ar eser vi cet ot heschool s Thet abl ef ur t herr eveal st hat80%oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolr espondent sagr eed backatpr i vat esecondar yschool68%oft her espondent sagr eewhi l e32%oft her espondent s di sagr ee,t hi s shows t hatt he gover nmentand pr i vat ei nvest or si n educat i on do not encour ageacademi cexcel l encei nbot hsect or . I tshowst hat48%oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolt eacher sagr eeonmi smanagement ofwel f ar ef aci l i t i esbyt hest af fand52%di sagr eewhi l e44%oft hepr i vat esecondar yschool agr eesonmi smanagementofschoolwel f ar er esour cesand56% oft her espondent sal so di sagr eed.Ther ef or e,t eacher s made ef f i ci entuse oft he schoolr esour ces t o enhance academi cper f or mance. 72%oft her espondent sf r om t hepubl i csecondar yschoolagr eedt hatt her ei sl ackof goodwel f ar epol i cybyt hegover nmentwhi l e28%di sagr eed.I nt hepr i vat esecondar yschool r espondentonl y23%agr eeonl ackofgoodwel f ar epol i cywhi l e72%di sagr eed. Thet abl ei ndi cat est hat28% oft hepubl i csecondar yschoolt eacher sagr eet hat t eacher svandal i zedf aci l i t i esi nt heschool ,and72% di sagr eedwhi l e48% oft hepr i vat e secondar yschoolr espondent sagr eet hatt eachervandal i zedschoolf aci l i t i eswhi l e52% of t her espondentdi sagr eed. X. Concl usi on Thef ol l owi ngconcl usi onswer edr awnf r om t hef i ndi ngs; 1. Teacher s’i npubl i csecondar yschool sdoesnotenj oyr egul arpaymentofsal ar i es andal l owancescompar et ot eacher si npr i vat esecondar yschool s. 2. School sar ef ai r l yequi ppedwi t hnecessar yf aci l i t i essuchast oi l et sandheal t h cent er st omot i vat et eacher st owor kef f ect i vel y. 3. Thatmar r i edf emal et eacher s’ar eof t engr ant edmat er ni t yl eaveasatwhenduei n publ i candpr i vat esecondar yschool s. 4. Thoseempl oyer si npr i vat esecondar yschool spr ovi depaymentoft r anspor t at i on al l owance, housi ngal l owancewhi l eempl oyer si npubl i csecondar yschool sdonot . 5. Those empl oyer si n publ i c secondar yschool s pr ovi de pensi on and r et i r ement schemef ort hei rwor ker swhi l epr i vat eschool sempl oyer sdonot . 6. Thatr egul arpaymentoft eacher s’ sal ar yenhancest hei rj obpr oduct i vi t y. 7. Thest udyal soconcl udedt hatf aci l i t i essuchast oi l et sandheal t hcent er spr omot e t eacher s’ pr oduct i vi t y. 8. The st udy al so concl uded t hati nsensi bi l i t y oft he l eader st o pr ovi de wel f ar e ser vi ces,l ackofpr operf undi ng,l ackofgoodwel f ar epol i cyar et hecausesof i nadequat est af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i csecondar yschoolwhi l el ackof pr operf undi ng and mi smanagementofwel f ar er esour ces ar et he causes of i nadequat est af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npr i vat esecondar yschool . Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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XI . Recommendat i ons Thef ol l owi ngr ecommendat i onswer emadebasedont hef i ndi ngs; 1.Gover nmentshoul d ensur e pr operf undi ng ofeducat i on whi ch woul d guar ant ee pr omptpaymentoft eacher s’ sal ar i esandal l owancesi npubl i csecondar yschool s 2.Educat i on i nvest or sshoul d updat et het eacher ’ spr of essi onal l yt hr ough semi nar s, wor kshops,conf er ences,i nser vi cet r ai ni ng,pr ovi si onofst udyl eavewi t hpayand ot herent i t l ementt hatwoul dencour ageandmot i vat epeopl ei nt het eachi ngpr of essi on andt hosewhowi sht oj oi nt hej obi nf ut ur e. 3.Gover nmentandpr i vat ei nvest or sshoul dmakepr ovi si onf oradequat ef aci l i t i esf or t eacher si nt hei rvar i ous school sl i ke of f i ces wher e st af fcoul d be conveni ent l y accommodat eddur i ngwor ki nghour sandsuchof f i ceshoul dbewel l vent i l at edwi t h wi ndowshavi ngl ouver sandai rcondi t i on. 4.Fur t her mor e, t eacher sshoul dbegi nt oenj oyf r i ngedbenef i t sl i kecarl oan, housel oan, r entsubsi dy,t r anspor tal l owances,medi calal l owanceandequi ppedheal t hcent er , si ckl eave,advancepayment ,adequat eandpr operr et i r ementandpensi onschemet o el evat et hest at usoft eacher si nt hesoci et y. 5.The Ni ger i a uni on oft eacherand ot herst akehol der s shoul d ensur et hatt he gover nmentandi ndi vi dualeducat i onali nvest or spr ovi degoodcondi t i onsofser vi ces f ort het eacher s. 6.Fi nal l y,t hesal ar yscal eoft het eacher s’shoul dber econst r uct edt omeett hepr esent economysi t uat i on. Ref er ences: Abej i r i nde,A. A.( 2009) ,Mot i vat i on and wor ker s per f or mance wi t hi n publ i c and pr i vat e ent er pr i sesi nNi ger i a, LapaiI nt er nat i onalJour nalofManagementandSoci alSci ences, 2.( 2) , 101112. Adedi wur a,A. A&Tayo( 2007) ,Per cept i onoft eacher sknowl edgeat t i t udeandt eachi ngski l l s aspr edi ct orofacademi csper f or mancei nNi ger i aSecondar ySchool s.Educat i onal
Resear chandRevi ew.
Aki nf ol ar i n, A. VandEhi nol a, G. B.( 2014) ." Mot i vat i onandef f ect i veper f or manceofacademi c st af fi n hi ghereducat i on ( case st udy ofadekunl e aj asi n uni ver si t y,Ondo St at e, Ni ger i a) " .I nt er nat i onalJour nalofI nnovat i onandResear chi nEducat i onSci ences.Vol . 1. 2.BHOPAL, MP, 462021, I NDI A157163. Ar i kewuyo,M.O.( 2000)St r at egi esf orachi evi nguni ver salbasi cEducat i on( UBE)scheme, paperpr esent edatt heconf er enceofNi ger i aAssoci at i onofEducat i onalPl anni ngand Admi ni st r at i on( NAEAP) . Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
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Bennel l ,Paul ,&KwameAkyeampong( 2007) .Teachermot i vat i oni nsubsahar anaf r i caand sout hasi a.Resear chi ng t heI ssues71,Depar t mentf orI nt er nat i onalDevel opment : Educat i onPaper s, 2007. Educat i onalAdmi ni st r at i onandPl anni ng( NAEAP) . Emet ar on, U.G.( 2003) :Pr ovi si onandmanagementoff aci l i t i esi npr i mar yschool si nni ger i a; i mpl i cat i onf orpol i cyf or mul at i on.Paperpr esent edoft heAnnualNat i onalConf er ence. Uni ver si t yofI badan Fasanmi ,F. O.( 2004) .Super vi si onofI nst r uct i onalSt af f ;TheEducat or ,Uni ver si t yofNi ger i a,
17thI ssue.
Feder alRepubl i cofNi ger i a( 2004) :TheNat i onalPol i cyonEducat i onLagos, NERCpr ess. Har t mann,Sar ah( 2008) .Thei nf or malmar ketofeducat i oni negypt :pr i vat et ut or i ngandi t s i mpl i cat i ons.Wor ki ngPaper s, I nst i t ut ef orEt hnol ogi eandAf r i cast udi es. Hussi nS.( 2003) :Pr ovi si onf orEducat i oni nf i veyearpl ansI gbalopenUni ver si t yPr i nt i ng Pr ess, I sl amabad. Manzi ne,H.&Gwandi r e,C.( 2011) .Thepr ovi si onofempl oyeeassi st ancepr ogr ammesi n Sout hAf r i caFoot bal lcl ubs.Uni ver si t yofWi t wat er sr and, Johannesbur g, Sout hAf r i ca. Ni ger i aUni onofTeacher s( 2001) , TheConst i t ut i onofTeacher s, I kej aLabsadPr oduct i on. Ochwo, P.( 2013) .Pupi l , t eacher , andschoolf act or st hati nf l uencest udentachi evementont he
pr i mar yl eavi ng exami nat i on i n uganda:measur i ng devel opmentand mul t il evel model i ng.Ph. DThesi s.Kentst at eUni ver si t yCol l ege:unpubl i shed.
Ol ukoya, M.( 2002) :Ther ol eoft eacheri neducat i on, Thi sdayNewspaper , Oct ober , 102002. Pr i t i , S. ( 2009) . Empl oyeewel f ar e. Ret r i evedApr i l22, 2014f r om ht t p: / / www. ci t ehr . com/ 176307empl oyeewel f ar e.ht m/#i xzz1zt z8Hhec. St ar r ,L.( 2002)Measur i ngt heef f ect sofef f ect i veeducat i onwor l d.Uni ver si t yofEastAngl i a ( 2000) . Uni ver si t y Pol i cy f or st af f devel opment and t r ai ni ng D: gg/ c subol ocument s/ uni ver si t ypol i cyf orst af fdevel opmentandt r ai ni ng. WhawoD. D( 2003) ,Educat i onalAdmi ni st r at i onPl anni ngandSuper vi si on,Beni nCi t y,Joda Publ i cat i on
Copyr i ght© Aki nf ol ar i nA. V.( 2017) .Compar at i vest udyofst af fwel f ar eadmi ni st r at i oni npubl i candpr i vat e secondar yschool si nakokonor t hwestl ocalgover nmentar eaofOndoSt at e.PaperPr esent edatt he2017 AnnualNat i onalConf er enceoft heFacul t yofEducat i on, NnamdiAzi ki weUni ver si t y, Awka, 27th29th, Apr i l .
