(Liu, Guo and Ferguson, in press), but there are only a few fossils of Fagus documented .... David K. Ferguson and Dr. Reinhard Zetter (Vienna,. Austria) for their ...
植物研究雑誌 1 .J p n .B o t . 7 1 :168-177( 19 9 6 )
AR e v i s i o o00t h eC h i o e s eM e g a f o s s i l so fFa g u s( F a g a c e a e ) b Yu-ShengLma ， A r a t aMOMOHARA andSheng-WuMEIa
a n j i n gI n s t i t u t eo fG e o l o g ya n dP a l a e o n t o l o g y， a D e p a r t m e n to fP a l a e o b o t a n y，N A c a d e m i aS i n i c a，N a n j i n g，2 1 0 0 0 8C H I N A ; b D e p a r t m e n to f E n v i r o n m e n t a lS t u d i e s，C h i b aU n i v e r s i t y，6 4 8M a t s u d o，C h i b a ， 2 7 1JAPAN ( R e c e i v e donJ u n e29，1 9 9 5 ) Ar e v i s i o no nt h eC h i n e s eC e n o z o i cm e g a f o s s i l so fFagusi su n d e r t a k e n .S e v e ns p e c i e sa r er e c o g n i z e d， a m o n gw h i c ho n ei sr e p r e s e n t e db yc u p u l ef o s s i l s，w h i l ea l lt h eo t h e r sa r el e a v e s .T h eo l d e s ts p e c i e s，Faguss p . 1 .e n g l e r i a n aS e e m .a n dF .l o n g i p e t i o l a t aS e e m .，i s w i t hs i m i l a r i t i e st ot w oC h i n e s el i v i n ge n d e m i cb e e c h e s，F
d o c u m e n t e df r o mt h eL a t eE o c e n et oE a r l yO l i g o c e n eo fG u i z h o uP r o v i n c e，S .W.C h i n a .T h i ss p e c i e sa l s os e e m s nt h ew o r l d .I nt h em e a n t i m e，t w os p e c i e sp r e v i o u s l y t or e p r e s e n tt h ee a r l i e s tm e g a f o s s i lr e c o r do fFagusi e . g .，F .c h i n e n s i sL ia n dF.?feroniaeU n g e r )a r en o we x c l u d e df r o mt h eg e n u s .T h e d o c u m e n t e da sFagus( .e n g l e r i a n α " l i k el e a v e sw e r ecommond u r i n gt h eC e n o z o i ce r ai nC h i n a . p r e s e n ts t u d ys h o w st h a t“F
h eC h i n e s ef o s s i lr e c o r d sa p p e a rt od i s p l a yal o wd i v e r s i t yo fb e e c h e si nt h eg e o l o g i c a lp a s ta s F u r t h e r m o r e，t c o m p a r e dw i t ht h er e c e n tC h i n e s eb e e c h e s .
Fagusi saq u i t es m a l lg e n u sw i t h i nt h ef a m i l y
e v o l u t i o n a r yt r e n do fFagusa r o u n dt h eP a c i f i cOcean
u ti ti sf r e q u e n t l ye n c o u n t e r e di nf o s s i l F a g a c e a e，b
d u r i n gt h eC e n o z o i c .I nt h ep r e s e n tp a p e r， a na t t e m p t
f l o r a so ft h eNo r t h e r nH e m i s p h e r e .Modernb e e c h e s，
i smadet or e v i s et h eb e e c hm e g a f o s s i l sr e p o r t e dfrom
r enowd i s j u n c t l yr e s t r i c t e dt ot e m p e r a t e however，a
Chinaa n dt h e nd i s c u s st h e i rg e o l o g i c a lh i s t o r y .
z o n e sa n dm o u n t a i n o u sr e g i o n so ft h es u b t r o p i c si n t h eN o r t h e r nHemisphere(Changa n dHuang1 9 8 8 ) .
M a t e r i a l sandMethods
Chinaw i t hmoret h a nh a l fo ft h es p e c i e si nt h eg e n u s
F o s s i ls p e c i m e n sc h e c k e dbyt h ep r e s e n ta u t h o r s
Fagusr a n k sa soneo ft h emainc e n t e r so fd i s t r i b u t i o n .
訂
TheseC h i n e s es p e c i e sa r enowd i s t r i b u t e di nt h e
a n dP a l a e o n t o l o g y，AcademiaS i n i c a .Thosewhich
m o u n t a i n so fs o u t h e r nChina( C a o1 9 9 5 ) .
a r en o ta v a i l a b l et ou swereexaminedont h eb a s i so f
em a i n l yh o u s e da tt h eNa n j i n gI n s t i t u t eo fGeology
Morea n dmorep a l e o b o t a n i c a lw o r k sh a v ep r o -
p u b l i s h e da c c o u n t s .Asmosto ft h eC h i n e s em a t e r i a l s
a r t i c u l a r l yfrom v i d e dd e t a i l sont h ef o s s i lFagus，p
a r el e a v e s，w h i c ha l la r eo n l yp r e s e r v e da si m p r e s -
J a p a n，N o r t hAmericaandEurope( e . g .，T a n a i1 9 7 4，
s i o n s，af o l i a ra r c h i t e c t u r a la n a l y s i sonmosto fe x t a n t
Z e t t e r1 9 8 4， M i n a k i1 9 8 5， KvacekandW a l t h e r1 9 9 1 ) .
Fagusw asu n d e r t a k e nf o rc o m p a r i s o n sw i t hf o s s i l s .
U n f o r t u n a t e l y， nor e v i e wo f t h eC h i n e s ef o s s i lr e c o r d s
C l e a r e dl e a v e swerep r e p a r e dbyu s i n gar o u t i n e
h a sb e e nc a r r i e dout .T a n a i( 1 9 7 4 )e x c l u d e dt h eC h i -
method( H i c k e y1 9 7 3，L i1 9 8 7 ) .H i c k e y ' st e r m i n o l -
n e s eb e e c hf o s s i l si nh i sc o m p r e h e n s i v ep a p e ront h e
ogyonf o l i a rmorphology( H i c k e y1 9 7 9 )i sf o l l o w e d
-168ー
J u n e1996
1 6 9
J o u m a lo fJ a p a n e s eB o t a n yVol .7 1N o .3
t h r o u g ht h ep r e s e n tp a p e r .
s p e c i e so fFagusi nChina( s e eT a b l e1 ， F i g u r e1 ) .For
H i l landRead( 1 9 9 1 )n o t e dt h a tl e a fa r c h i t e c t u r eo f F a g a c e a e )a l o n eh a sl i m i t e d modemNothofagus (
e a s i e rr e c o g n i t i o n， as i m p l ekeyt ot h es p e c i e si sg i v e n f i r s t .
) v a l u ef o ri n f r a g e n e r i ctaxonomy.Liu( i npr~ss a mentionedas i m i l a rc a s ef o rb e t u l a c e o u sl e a v e s .Our
Keyt ot h ef o s s i l so ft h eChineseFagus
h a t r e c e n ts t u d yonl e a fa r c h i t e c t u r eo fFagusshowst
1 .M a t e r i a lp r e s e r v e da sl e a v e s
l t h o u g ht h ef o l i a ra r c h i t e c i ti sa l s ot r u ef o rFagusa
2 . Laminasb i g，andnumberofs e c o n d a r yv e i n s
t u r a lc h a r a c t e r sbetweent h eo n l ytwoJ a p a n e s eb e e c h e s
h i g h( c a .1 6 )… . . . ・ ・ . . … . . ， ・ ・ . . . . . ・ ・ . . . . . ・ ・ . . F .s p .1
(FaguscrenataBl .andF .japonicaMaxim.)a r eq u i t e
r .ofsecondaryveins 2 . Laminass m a l l，andnumbe
t u s e f u lf o rc l a s s i f i c a t i o n .Withouts t r o n ge v i d e n c e，i
0 . . .・・ . . . . . . ・ ・ . . . . ・ ・ . . . . ・ ・ … . . . ・ ・ …. F .s p .2 a b o u t1
mightbeas a f ewayf o rc u r r e n tr e v i s i o nt h a tu n c e r t a i n
fs e c o n d a r y 2 . Laminasi nm i d d l es i z e，numbero
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v e i n sa r o u n d8-13
s p e c i f i cnamesa r ea p p l i e df o rmostc a s e s .
3 . Margine n t i r et ou n d u l a t e… ・ … . . . ・ ・ . . . F .englerianaSeem.
F o s s i lRecordso fFagusi nChina
H
打a t e 3 . Margins e
About779m e g a f o s s i ls p e c i e sb e l o n g i n gt o281
4 . Leafi n d e xlow( c a .1 8 7 )，andl e a fb a s ec o r -
g e n e r aand99f a m i l i e so f h i g h e r p l a n t sandb r y o p h y t e s
d a t e・ . ・ . . … . . . ・ ・ . . . . . ・ ・ . . … …F .praelucidaL i
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4 . Leafi n d e xh i g h(moret h a n2 0 0 )
i n g 1993havebeenfoundt h r o u g h o u tt h ec o u n t r y
( L iu， GuoandFerguson， i np r e s s )， b u tt h e r ea r eo n l y
5 . Marginbetweena d j a c e n tt e e t hmoreo rl e s s
afewf o s s i l so fFαgusdocumentedi nt h eC h i n e s e
s t r a i g h t・ . ・ . F .stuxbergi( N a t h o r s t )T a n a i H
5 . Marginbetweena d j a c e n tt e e t hconvex. … ・
l i t e r a t u r e .Meanwhile，t h e s ef o s s i l s，m a i n l yl e a v e s， em o s t l yp o o r l yp r e s e r v e d .Althoughf e a t u r e so f
…F.g a l b a n i f o l i aGuo
r er e l a v e g e t a t i v eandr e p r o d u c t i v eo r g a n si nFagusa
1 .M a t e r i a lp r e s e r v e da scup ' u l e s. . ・ ・ . . . . ・ ・ . F .s p .3
訂
H
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t i v e l ys t a b l e( J o n e s1 9 8 6 )， m i s i d e n t i f i c a t i o n sa r es t i l l
，
b e i n gmadei nt h eC h i n e s ep a l e o b o t a n i c a l l i t e r a t u r e .
1 )Faguss p .1Zhang， P a p e r sS t r a t .P a l e o n t .1 3 8， pl .
Thef o l l o w i n gi sab r i e fr e v i s i o no ft h es e v e nf o s s i l
1 ，f i g .1 5( 19 8 3 )
[ F i g .lA]
a . C o m p a r i s o no fm e g a f o s s i ls p e c i e so fFagusi nC h i n a T a b l e1
T a x a F .s p .1
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6cmx1 . 8 2 . 2cm F .g a l h α n i f o l i a 4.2cm 3cmX 1 p .2 F .s
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a A l lt h et a x aa r ef o s s i l l e a v e se x c e p tt h a tF .s p .3r e p r e s e n t sc u p u l e s . b T h es i z eo ft h es p e c i e si su n k n o w n .
G e o l o g i c a l a g e L a t eE o c e n et o E a r l yO l i g o c e n e O l i g o c e n e O l i g o c e n e i o c e n e E a r l y恥1 M i o c e n e P l i o c e n e E a r l yP l e i s t o c e n e
1 7 0
植物研究雑誌第 7 1巻 第 3号
平成 8年 6月
F i g .1 . S e l e c t e df o s s i l l e a v e so fFa g u sf r o mC h i n a .A :Fa g u ss p .1 .B :F.s p .2 .C， D :F.g a l b a n i f o l i a Guo.B a r=1c m .
D i s c u s s i o n : Onef o s s i ll e a fr e p o r t e dbyZhang ( 19 8 3 )i sa c t u a l l ytwob r o k e np o r t i o n so fb e e c h l i k e
i se x t r e m e l yd i f f i c u l tt oe l u c i d a t ewhicho n ei sc o r r e c t .
l a m i n a swhicha r eo v e r l a p p e de a c ho t h e r .C o n s i d e r -
Zhang( 19 8 3 )a s s i g n e dt h ef o s s i l st ot h eEocenei n
i n gf e a t u r e so fm a r g i na n ds e c o n d a r yv e i n so ft h e
a g eont h eb a s i so f l e a fa s s e m b l a g e sa n ds t r a t i g r a p h i c a l
l o w e rl a m i n a，t h ep r o n o u n c e dz i g z a gm i d r i ba n d
c o r r e l a t i o n .R e c e n t l y，s h et h o u g h ti tm i g h tb ea sl a t e
r e l a t i v e l ys t r a i g h ts e c o n d a r yv e i n so ft h eu p p e rl e a f ，
a st h eL a t eEocenet oE a r l yO l i g o c e n e( Z h a n gp e r -
t h etwob r o k e nl e a v e ss h o u l db ea t t r i b u t e dt ot h e
s o n a lc o m m u n i c a t i o n ) .
g e n u sFa g u se v e nt h o u g hnos t r o n ge v i d e n c ep r e s e n t s . Ac o n c e p to fT a n a i 'sl e a fi n d e x( le n g t h / w i d t hx
M a t e r i a l :D e p o s i t e da tt h eGuizhouR e g i o n a lGeol o g i c a lS u r v e y .
1 0 0 )( s e eT a n a i1 9 7 4 )i semployedf o ri d e n t i f y i n g
L o c a l i t ya n da g e :P a n x i a nCounty， GuizhouP r o v -
d i f f e r e n ts p e c i e sw i t h i nt h eg e n u so fFαg u s .Thei n d e x
o u t h w e s t e r nC h i n a ;L a t e Eocene-Early i n c e，s
i sq u i t es i m p l ea n dc o n v e n i e n tt og r o u pf o s s i lb e e c h
O l i g o c e n e .
n tf o s s i l s，t h e i re s t i m a t e dl e a f l e a v e s .F o rt h ec u打 e
2 )Fagusg a l b a n i f o l i aGuo，P a l e o n t .A t l a sJ i l i n5 7 1，
h i c hshowt h e i n d e x e sa r ep r o b a b l ya r o u n d200，w
pl .262， f i g s .4，8，9( 19 9 2 ) .
[ F i g .1 C，D]
.e n g l e r i a n aSeem.i nt h e f o s s i I sm i g h tb ec l o s et oF
D i s c u s s i o n :Thef o s s i l l e a v e sw i t ht h e i rr e l a t i v e l y
“ Fagusg r a n d ゆl i ag r o u p "( s e eT a n a i1 9 7 4 ) .How-
w e l lp r e s e r v e dv e n a t i o np a t t e r na n dd i s t i n c tt o o t h
e v e r，Zhang( 19 8 3 )s u g g e s t e dt h a tt h ef o s s i ll e a v e s
morphologyi n d i c a t et h a te v e ni nt h ea b s e n c eo fa
r e s e m b l e dt h a to fF .l o n g i p e t i o l a t aSeem.Anyhow，i t
c u t i c l et h e ys h o u l db ea t t r i b u t e dt ot h eg e n u sF a g u s .
J u n e1996
J o u m a lo fJ a p a n e s eB o t a n yVo. l7 1N o .3
1 7 1
Themoste v i d e n tc h a r a c t e ri st h ec o m p a r a t i v e l yb i g，
i ti sa l s op o s s i b l et h a tb o t ho ft h ef o s s i ls p e c i e si nt h i s
a s y m m e t r i c a lt e e t hw i t hc o n v e x / a c u m i n a t eb a s a ls i d e
l o c a l i t yc o u l db e l o n gt ooneandt h esames p e c i e s .
ands t r a i g h t / c o n c a v ea p i c a ls i d e .T h i sd i s t i n c tf e a t u r e
no r d e rt os u b s t a n t i a t et h i si d e a，more However，i
h a sn o tbeendocumentedi na n yf o s s i l sfromC h i n a .
m a t e r i a li sn e e d e d .Thep r e s e n tt r e a t m e n tc a no n l yb e
h es p e c i f i cs t a t u so ft h ec u 汀e n tf o s s i l T h e r e f o r e，t
l . c o n s i d e r e da sp r o v i s i o n a
I ta p p e a r st h a tt h ef o s s i lh a se n t i r eo ru n d u l a t e
s h o u l db er e a s o n a b l e . t h ef o l l o w i n g J u d g i n gfromt h et o o t hmorphology，
m a r g i na l t h o u g hGuo( 19 9 2 )r e p o r t e da sb e i n gs e r -
e x t a n ts p e c i e sa r ep r o b a b l yc l o s e dt ot h ep r e s e n t
叩h o l o g yo ft h ef o s s i li sr a t h e r r a t e .Theg r o s smo
f o s s i l s， t h o s ea r eF .c r e n a t αBl .( i nJ a p a n ;o n l ys e 町a t e
s i m i l a rt ot h o s eo fyoungl e a v e so fF .m u l t i n e r v i s
F .h a y a t a eP a l i b .e xH a y a t av a r .z h e j i a n g e n s i s t y p e )，
Na k a i .F u r t h e r m o r e， t h ep r e s e n tf o s s i li sa l s oc l o s e dt o
L i u& Wu( i nZ h e j i a n gP r o v i n c e，e a s t e mC h i n a )，F .
F .e n g l e r i a n aSeem.i ni t sm a r g i n a ln a t u r e .
，
l u c i d aR e h d .& W i l s .( i nsouthemC h i n a )，andF . p a s h a n i c aYang( i nS i c h u a nP r o v i n c e，s o u t h w e s t e m
a s t e mC h i n a ) .The ChinaandZ h e j i a n gP r o v i n c e，e 町e n tf o s s i l s，however，a r es t i l lf a rfromt h ea b o v e c u
M a t e r i a l :Houseda tt h eN a n j i n gI n s t i t u t eo fG e o l i n i c a . ogya n dP a l a e o n t o l o g y，AcademiaS
吋iCounty， L o c a l i t yanda g e :ShanheTown，Ya J i l i nP r o v i n c e， n o r t h e a s t e mChina， O l i g o c e n e( u p p e r
m e n t i o n e de x t a n ts p e c i e si no v e r a l ln a t u r ea l t h o u g h
p a r to fHunchunF o r m a t i o n ) .
t h e ya r emuchs i m i l a rt oF .l u c i d aR e h d .&W i l s .，o n e
a n a i，J .F a c . 4 )Faguss t u x b e r g i( N a t h o r s t )T a n a i，T
memberi nt h e“ Fagusl o n g i p e t i o l a t ag r o u p "( s e e
S c. iHokkaidoU n i v .296， pl .1 ， f i g s .4， 5，8，1 0 ;f i g . -
T a n a i1 9 7 4 ) .
t e x t2， g 寸(19 7 6 ) ;L iandYang， ActaP a l a e o n t .S i n .
Thel e a fi n d e xi sc a .220-270t h a tshowst h ef o s s i l s
209，p. l2，f i g .5 ;p. l3，f i g .8( 19 8 4 ) ;Guo，P a l e o n t .
c o u l db ec l o s et ot h o s eo fT a n a i 's“ Fagusgrand ザo l i a
A t l a sJ i l i n5 7 1， p. l263， f i g .8 ;p. l264， f i g s .7， 8( 1 9 9 2 ) .
g r o u p "( s e eT a n a i1 9 7 4 ) .T a n a i( 19 7 4 )c o n c l u d e dt h a t
Fa g u sp a l a e o c r e nαt aO k u t s u，T a n a i，B i r b a lS a h n i
t h i sg r o u pc o n t a i n sf o u rs p e c i e s， F .g r a n d i f o l i aE h r h .，
tP a l a e o b o . tS p e c .Pub . l70， p. l4， f i g .4 ;p. l5， f i g s . I n s.
F .j a p o n i c aMaxim.，F .m u l t i n e r v i sN a k a ia n dF .
1 ， 2， 4，6， 7( 19 7 4 ) .
e n g l e r i a n aSeem.，whicha r ea l lw i t he n t i r et ou n d u -
D i s c u s s i o n :I nl e a fs h a p e， v e n a t i o nandc h a r a c t e r -
l a t el e a fm a r g i n .Fromt h i sp o i n to fview， T a n a i 'sI e a f
h ec u汀 e n tf o s s i ll e a v e sa r e i s t i c so ft h el e a fm a r g i n，t
i n d e xi sp r o b l e m a t i ca swed o u b t e db e f o r e .
d o u b t l e s sa t t r i b u t e dt oFagusa l t h o u g hag r e a tv a r i a -
M a t e r i a l :Houseda tt h eN a n j i n gI n s t i t u t eo f G e o l -
t i o ni ng r o s smo 叩h o l o g yo ft h e s el e a v e so c c u r s .The
. t o t a lnumbero fs p e c i m e n si nt h ef o s s i lf l o r awhereF
i n i c a . ogyandp a l a e o n t o l o g y，AcademiaS
吋iCounty， L o c a l i t yanda g e :ShanheTown，Ya
s t u x b e r g i( N a t h o r s t )T a n a id o m i n a t e si sa b o u t1 3， i . e .
J i l i nP r o v i n c e，n o r t h e a s t e mC h i n a ;O l i g o c e n e( u p p e r
c a . 16.25%o ft h ewholea s s e m b l a g e .I ti sf u r t h e r
p a r to ft h eHunchunF o r m a t i o n ) .
t u x b e r g i(N a t h o r s t )T a n a i b e l i e v e dt or e s e m b l eFaguss
Guo， P a l e o n t .A t l a sJ i l i n5 7 1， pl .269， 3 )Faguss p .2，
fromt h eP l i o c e n eMogif l o r ao fJ a p a n( L iandYang
f i g .8( 1 9 9 2 ) .
1 9 8 4 ) .
[ F i g .l B ]
D i s c u s s i o n :Thef o s s i l l e a fwasr e c o v e r e dfromt h e
Thel e a fi n d e xo ft h ep r e s e n tf o s s i l l e a v e si sa sh i g h
sames t r a t u ma sFagusg a l b a n i f o l i aGuo.Theya r e，
a s210t h a ta g r e e sw i t ht h a to ft h e“ Fagusg r αn d i f o l i a
however，r a t h e rd i f f e r e n ti nt h e i rt o o t hmorphology
g r o u p "( s e eT a n a i1 9 7 4 )andi sp a r t i c u l a r l yc l o s et o
andl e a fs i z e .Thep r e s e n tf o s s i lh a sas m a l l e rl a m i n a
t h es p e c i e sF .e n g l e r i a n aSeem.However，L iand
( s e eT a b l e1 ) .I tseemst ob en e c e s s a r yt os e p a r a t e
Yang( 1 9 8 4 )c o n s i d e r e dt h ef o s s i l l e a v e sa p p r o x i m a t e
thema sc o m p l e t e l yd i s t i n g u i s h a b l es p e c i e s .Ofc o u r s e，
t h o s eo fF .l o n g i p e t i o l a t aSeem.Faguss t u x b e r g i
172
植物研究雑誌第 7 1巻 第 3号
平成 8年 6月
( N a t h o r s t )T a n a ii sr e c e n t l yc o n s i d e r e da sac l o s e l y
f : sc r e n a t aBlume( s e e J a p a n e s ee n d e m i cb e e c h，Fagl
s i m i l a rs p e c i e st ot h el i v i n gF .c r e n a t aBl .“ (Fagus
K i t a m u r aa n dM u r a t a1 9 7 9，p .2 8 2 ;Ohwi1 9 8 4，p .
r o u p "o fT a n a i ' s )i nJ a p a n，F .h a y a t a e s y l v a t i c ag
t h ef o s s i li smores i m i l a rt oo n eo f t h e 3 7 7 ) .A c t u a l l y，
P a l i b .e xH a y a t a “ (Fa guss y l v a t i c ag r o u p "o f T a n a i 's )
C h i n e s ee n d e m i cs p e c i e sF .e n g l e r i a n aS e e m .t h a nt o
i nTaiwana n dF .p a s h a n i c aYang( F a g u sl o n g i p e t i o -
t h o s eo fFagusc r e n a t aBlumei nt h en a t u r eo fi t sl e a f
l a t αgroup"o fT a n a i ' s )i nc e n t r a lC h i n a(Uemura
s h a p e，t r e n do fs e c o n d a r yv e i n sande s p e c i a l l yi t s
1 9 8 8 ) .W i t h o u ta n a t o m i c a lp r e s e r v a t i o nt h ep r e s e n t
u n d u l a t et oe n t i r em a r g i n .However， t h ec u 打e n t f o s s i l
f o s s i l l e a v e s， i ti sd i f f i c u l tt oi n t e r p r e twhoseo p i n i o n s
. l e a v e sshowsomes l i g h td i f f e r e n c e sw i t ht h o s eo fF
a r ec o r r e c t .
e n g l e r i αnaS e e m .i nt h enumbero fp a i r so fs e c o n d a r y
Faguss t u x b e r g i( N a t h o r s t )T a n a ifromC h i n ao c -
h e v e i n sa n dt h es i z eo ft h el a m i n a .F o rexample，t
c u r so n l yfromo n el o c a l i t y( L i ui np r e s sb ) .L ia n d
f o s s i l sh a v ef e w e rs e c o n d a r yv e i n s( a b o u t8-10p a i r s )
Yang( 19 8 4 )c o n s i d e r e dt h ef l o r aa ne a r l yMiocene
a n ds m a l l e rl e a v e s .U n f o r t u n a t e l y， t h ep o o rp r e s e r v a -
o n eb a s e donc o m p a r i s o nw i t hJ a p a n e s eNeogene
t i o na n di n c o m p l e t ef o s s i lm a t e r i a lp r e v e n t e df u r t h e r
f l o r a s .T h a ti s，t h ec o n i f e r sa n dgymnopsermsi nt h e
c o m p a r i s o n s( e . g .，a n a t o m i c a lf e a t u r e s )fromb e i n g
C h i n e s ef o s s i lf l o r ad i s p l a ys i m i l a r i t i e st ot h o s ei nt h e
m a d e .
E a r l yMioceneA i n o u r aandA n i a if l o r a s( f o rd e f i n i t i o no ft h e s ef l o r a s，s e eT a n a i1 9 6 1 ) .However，t h e
M a t e r i a l :D e p o s i t o r yu n c l e a r . H e b e iP r o v L o c a l i t ya n da g e :WeichangCounty，
a n g i o s p e r m sa r el a r g e l yd i f f e r e n ta n dn o n eo ft h e
o r t h e mC h i n a ;M i o c e n e . i n c e，n
whicha r es oc h a r a c t e r i s t i co ft h e s p e c i e so f F a g a c e a e，
6 )Fagusp r a e l u c i d aL i ，L iandGuo， P a l e o n t .A t l a s
C h i n e s ef l o r a，e x i s ti ne i t h e ro ft h e s eJ a p a n e s ef l o r a s
.1 3 9，f i g .1( 19 8 2 ) . E a s tC h i n a2 9 7，pl
( L i ui np r e s sb ) .I nt h i sr e s p e c t，t h eC h i n e s ef l o r ai s
D i s c u s s i o n :A l t h o u g ho n l yo n es p e c i m e nh a sb e e n
muchmores i m i l a rt ot h eMiddleMioceneD吋 ima
t sl e a fs h a p e， v e n a t i o na n dm訂 g i nshowi tt o f o u n d，i
f l o r a .Thust h i ss o c a l l e de a r l yMiocenef l o r am i g h t
u s .Thef o s s i li sc h a r a c t e r i z e dbyi t s b eas p e c i e si nFαg
e v e n t u a l l yr e q u i r et ob et r a n s f e r r e dt ot h em i d d l e
s i n u o u sm a r g i nw i t hafews m a l lt e e t ha n d8 9p a i r s
M i o c e n e .Morem a t e r i a li sn e e d e di no r d e rt oc l a r i f y
o fs e c o n d a r yv e i n s .L ia n dGuo( 1 9 8 2 )s u g g e s t e dt h a t
i t ss t r a t i g r a p h i c a lp o s i t i o n( L i ui np r e s sb ) .
t h ep r e s e n tf o s s i lr e s e m b l e sF .p a l a e o c r e n a t aO k u t s u
M a t e r i a l :Houseda tt h eN a n j i n gI n s t i t u t eo f G e o l ogya n dP a l a e o n t o l o g y，AcademiaS i n i c a .
.s t u x b e r g i，s e eT a n a i1 9 7 6，p .298， (synonymo fF
Uemura1 9 8 8，p .1 1 9 )a n dF .p r o t o j a p o n i c aS u z u k i
L o c a l i t ya n da g e :DunhuaCounty， J i l i nP r o v i n c e，
. t fromJ a p a na l t h o u g ht h e i rl e a ff o r m sa r ed i f f e r e n
n o r t h e a s t e mC h i n a ;e a r l yMiocene( T u m e n z iForma-
F u r t h e r m o r e， L ia n dGuo( 1 9 8 2 )c o n s i d e r e dt h eC h i -
t i o n ) .
n e s ef o s s i l l e a fmorec l o s e dt oo n eC h i n e s ee n d e m i c
5 )Faguse n g l e r i a n aSeem.
b e e c h，F .l u c i a αRehd.& W i l s .
Faguss i e b o l d i iE n d .，Depape，Pub l .Mus.Hoangho
i g .2a f .( 19 3 2 ) . 9，f
Thel e a fi n d e xi sa b o u t1 8 7t h a tm i g h ts u g g e s tt h a t t h ep r e s e n tf o s s i li sr e l a t e dt ot h et h i r dg r o u po f
e p o r t e da D i s c u s s i o n :Ase a r l ya s1 9 3 2，Depaper
Fagusl o n g i p e t i o l a t ag r o u p " .L ia n dGuo T a n a i ' s“
Fagus f o s s i ls p e c i e sbyu s i n ga ne x t a n tb e e c hs p e c i e s，
( 19 8 2 )camet ot h esamec o n c l u s i o ns i n c eF .l u c i d a
n d .， b a s e dons e v e r a lMiocenel e a fi m p r e s s i e b o l d i iE
R e h d .& W i l s .i sc o n c l u d e di nt h eg r o u pbyT a n a i
s i o n sfromH e b e iP r o v i n c e，northemC h i n a，b u tno
( 19 7 4 ) .Ast h ef o s s i li st h eo n l yo n er e c o v e r e da n d
i e b o l d i i d e t a i l e dd e s c r i p t i o nwasp r o v i d e d .Faguss
twouldb es a f e rt o w i t h o u ta n yc u t i c l e sp r e s e r v e d，i
E n d .h a sl o n gb e e nt r e a t e da sasynonymo fo n e
r e c o g n i z et h ep r e s e n tf o s s i la sap r o v i s i o n a ls p e c i e s
J u n e1996
1 7 3
J o u m a lo fJ a p a n e s eB o t a n yVol .7 1N o .3
b e f o r emorem a t e r i a l sa r ea v a i l a b l e . Thef o s s i li se v e nc o n s i d e r e da sar e p r e s e n t a t i v e
l .I ts h o u l db em e n t i o n e d， however， t h a te v e n t h ef o s s i
f o s s i lc u p u l e so fF agusfromt h eJ a p a n e s eM i d d l e
morec l o s e l yt oF agush a y a t a eP a l b .e xH a y a t at h a n
P l e i s t o c e n e( O s a k aGroupwestemJ a p a n )showd i ι
t oF .l u c i d aRehd.& WilsonbyShenandB o u f f o r d
f e r e n t m o 叩h o l o g yw i t ha n yl i v i n go n e s( M i k i1 9 3 3 ) .
ラ
( 19 8 8 ) .T h i si n t e r p r e t a t i o nm i g h tb ew i t h o u ta n y
t h e r e f o r e， t h a tt h eC h i n e s ec u p u l ef o s s i l I ti sp o s s i b l e，
e v i d e n c e .
i sn o tr e a l l yc o 打e s p o n d i n gt ot h a to fF .e n g l e r i a n a
M a t e r i a l :D e p o s i t e da tt h eN a n j i 時 I n s t i t u t eo f AcademiaS i n i c a . Geologya n dP a l a e o n t o l o g y， L o c a l i t ya n da g e :NanfengCounty，J i a n g x iP r o v o u t h e a s t e mC h i n a ;P l i o c e n e . i n c e，s 7 )Faguss p .3 .
Fa g u se n g l e r i a n aSeem.， Zhang， P a l e o n t .A t l a sS o u t h -
S e e m .i nd e s p i t eo f t h i sl i v i n gb e e c hd i s t r i b u t e sa r o u n d t h ef o s s i l l o c a l i t y . M a t e r i a l :Houseda tt h eGuizhouR e g i o n a lGeol o g i c a lS u r v e y . L o c a l i t ya n da g e :P a n x i a nCounty， GuizhouP r o v i n c e，s o u t h w e s t e mC h i n a ;e a r l yP l e i s t o c e n e .
w e s tC h i n a490，pl .1 6 5， f i g s .9-10( 19 7 8 ) . D i s c u s s i o n :Somee a r l yP l e i s t o c e n ec u p u l e sw e r e
g u s C h i n e s eM e g a f o s s i lP l a n t sExcludedfromFa
o u t h w e s t e m f i r s tr e p o r t e dfromGuizhouP r o v i n c e，s
Twomores p e c i e sh a v eb e e nr e f e r r e dt oFa g u sby
C h i n a( Z h a n g1 9 7 8 ) .Theya r eu n i q u er e p r o d u c t i v e
v a r i o u sa u t h o r s .A f t e rc o m p a r i n gthemw i t he x t a n t
g u sr e c o r d e di nC h i n a .Theyw e r e f o s s i lo r g a n so fFa
g u s， t h ep r e s e n ta u t h o r sc o n s i d e rthemt o s p e c i e so fFa
c o n s i d e r e dt or e s e m b l et h o s eo fF .e n g l e r i a n aSeem.
b em i s i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s .
s i n c et h e yhada4 v a l v e dc u p u l ew i t h0 . 9cml o n g
1 )Alnusp r e n e p a l e n s i sHu&Chaney， Hua n dChaney，
l o b e s( Z h a n g1 9 7 8 ) .Thel o b e sa r eo v a lt or o u n d e di n
P a l a e o nt .S i n .30， pl .1 0， f i g s .1 ， 4， 6( 1 9 4 0 ) ;WGCPC，
s h a p ew h i l et h o s eo f t h el i v i n go n ea r el i n e a r .F u r t h e r -
C e n o z o i cP l a n t sfromC h i n a5 9，pl .5 7，f i g s .1 ，2，4
more，t h ec u p u l e so fF .e n g l e r i ω1GSeem.havevery
( 1 9 7 8 ) .Fa g u sc h i n e n s i sL i， WGCPC， C e n o z o i cP l a n t s
d i s t i n c ta p p e n d a g e sont h e i rs u r f a c e，w h i c ha r en o t
fromC h i n a46， pl .2 6， f i g .7 ;pl .42， f i g .5 ;pl .44， f i g .
p r e s e n tont h ec u 汀e n tf o s s i ls p e c i m e n s .Fromt h i s
2， t e x t f i g .2 5( 19 7 8 ) ;TaoandDu， ActaBot .S i n .275，
t h ef o s s i l sr e s e m b l et h o s eo fF .l u c i d a p o i n to fview，
t a b l e1( 19 8 2 ) .
R e h d .& W i l s .Thes i z eo fc u p u l eo fF .l u c i a αRehd.
D i s c u s s i o n :T h r e el o c a l i t i e sfromwhichf o s s i l
&W i l s .，however，i sa b o u tt w i c et h a nt h o s eo ft h e
l e a v e sr e f e r r e dt oa sFαg u sc h i n e n s i sL ih a v eb e e n
f o s s i l s .A c c o r d i n gt ot h ep h o t o g r a p h sp r o v i d e dby
r e c o v e r e da r et h eFushunCoalmine，n o r t h e a s t e m
Zhang( 1 9 7 8 )，t h ef o s s i lc u p u l e sseemt oh a v esome
C h i n a， ShanwangD i a t o m i t emine， e a s t e mC h i n aa n d
s p a r s e l yd i s t r i b u t e dr o u n ds c a r st h a ta r ep r o b a b l y
Tengchong County，s o u t h w e s t e r nC h i n a .T h i s
t a l k sa r e r e s u l t e dfromf o s s i l i z a t i o n .I na d d i t i o n，nos
m i s i d e n t i f i c a t i o nwasf i r s tp u tf o r w a r dbyL i u( i n
p r e s e r v e d . Thoset a p h o n o m i cp r o c e s s e sa n dp o o r
.c h i n e n s i sL i p r e s sa ) .F o s s i ll e a v e sd e s c r i b e da sF
p r e s e r v a t i o nmaket h ef o s s i l si m p o s s i b l ef o rf u r t h e r
fromt h ef i r s ttwol o c a l i t i e sd i f f e rc o n s i d e r a b l yfrom
c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .
u s，e s p e c i a l l yi nt h es e c o n d a r y t y p i c a ll e a v e so fFαg
Ast h ef o s s i lc u p u l ewasn o tp r e s e n ti nt h ec o l l e c -
v e i nt r e n d s( s e eJ o n e s1 9 8 6 ) .Byc o n t r a s t， t h e s el e a v e s
t i o n sa v a i l a b l et ou s，weh a v eo n l yhada nu n c l e a r
d e m o n s t r a t es i m i l a rf o l i a rc h a r a c t e r st ot h o s eo f A l n u s
p h o t o g r a p ha n ds i m p l ed e s c r i p t i o np u b l i s h e dbyZhang
p r e n e p a l e n s i sHu& Chaney.Asf a ra st h es o c a l l e d
( 1 9 7 8 )t ogoo n .A c l e a r e ru n d e r s t a n d i n go ft h e
Fa g u ss p e c i e sfromt h et h i r dl o c a l i t yi sconcemed， i t
s t r u c t u r eo ft h ef o s s i lc u p u l ewouldb ev e r yv a l u a b l e
i sd i f f i c u l tt od i s c u s si tf u r t h e rb e c a u s et h eo r i g i n a l
i nt h ei n t e r p r e t a t i o no ft h es y s t e m a t i cr e l a t i o n s h i p so f
a u t h o r sd i dn o tp r o v i d ead e s c r i p t i o n，o ra n yp l a t e s
1 7 4
植物研究雑誌第 7 1巻 第 3号
平成 8年 6月
andf i g u r e s， andt h e i rf o s s i l l e a fwasn o ta v a i l a b l ef o r
Fushunt a x o n， Be t u l apopuloidesH o l l i c k， w i t hr e g a r d
exammatlOn .
t oi t sl e a fb a s eandt h ec o u r s eo ft h es e c o n d a r yv e i n s
t h enameFa g u sc h i n e n s i sLii sal a t e r I nanyc a s e，
a tt h el e a f b a s e .I ti s， however， d i f f i c u l tt oc o n f i r mt h i s
l r e a d ybeenusedbyO l i v e ri n homonym，havinga
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n， b e c a u s et h ef o s s i lh a snol e a fa p e x .Hu
1 8 9 0(ChangandHuang1 9 8 8 )f o rane x t a n ts p e c i e s .
andChaney( 1 9 4 0 )s u g g e s t e dt h es p e c i m e nr e s e m -
Althought h i ss p e c i e shass i n c ebeenreducedt os y n -
b l e dT i l i amiohenryan αHu& Chaneyfromt h ee a r l y
.l o n g i p e t i o l a t α ， S eem.，one i sn o t onymy underF
m i d d l eMioceneShanwangf 1o r a .
.c h i n e n s i sf o rt h ef o s s i lundert h e p e r m i t t e dt ouseF
M a t e r i a l :D e p o s i t o r yu n c l e a r .
I n t e m a t i o n a lCodeofB o t a n i c a lNomenclature.
L o c a l i t y anda g e : Fushun，L i a o n i n gP r o v i n c e，
10 r i s t i cp o i n tofview，t h eEocenef 10ra Fromt h ef
i d d l e L a t eE o c e n e . n o r t h e a s t e mChina，M
ofFushunCoalminewasconsideredt oresemblet h e l i v i n gv e g e t a t i o nofeastemSichuan(southwestem
TheG e o l o g i c a lH i s t o r yo fChineseFagus
China)andwestemHubei( c e n t r a lChina)p r o v i n c e s
I ti so f t e nr a t h e rd i f f i c u l tt oa s s e s se v o l u t i o n a r y
9 7 8 ) .Intheseareas， Fa g u spresentlyforms (WGCPC1
t r e n d sf o rg i v e nt a x ab e c a u s eo ft h ef o l l o w i n gf a c t o r s
e t u l a，C a r p i n u s，Acer， adensemixedf o r e s twithB
t h o u g hp l e n t yo ff o s s i l smaybea v a i l a b l e :
P o p u l u s，P l a t y cα r yα，A l n u s，L it h o c a r p u s，Quercus
c o n v e r g e n c eo fa n g i o s p e r m o u smo 中h o l o g i F i r s t，
andC a s t a n o p s i s，e t c .Thesegeneracana l s obefound
c a lf e a t u r e sandd i f f e r i n gr a t e so fe v o l u t i o n a r yc h a n g e
1o r a .Thismeanst h a tonemight f o s s i li nt h eFushunf
i nt h ev a r i o u so r g a n s( e . g . l e a v e s， woods， f r u i t s， s e e d s，
nt h ef o s s i l l o c a l i t y .However expectt of i n dFagusi
p o l l e na n ds p o r e s， e t c . )o f t e nl e a dt os t r o n gm o s a i c
n e i t h e rf o s s i lp o l l e nnorm e g a f o s s i l sofFa gushave
e v o l u t i o no fp l a n t sandg i v er i s et oc o m p l i c a t e dp l a n t
everbeenr e c o v e r e d .Thiscoulds u g g e s tt h a tp l a n t
p h y l o g e n i e s .C o n s e q u e n t l y，schemesb a s e donas i n -
gushavechangedi n componentsa s s o c i a t e dwithFa
g l eo r g a na r el e s sl i k e l yt or e f 1e c tt h et r u ep h y l o g e n y
t h ecourseofg e o l o g i c a lt i m e .
t h a nt h o s ef o u n d e d onanumbero fo r g a n s( s e e
M a t e r i a l :Houseda tt h eI n s t i t u t eofBotany( B e i j i n g )
o s s i l UpchurchandD i l c h e r1 9 9 0 ) .U n f o r t u n a t e l y，f
andNanjingI n s t i t u t eofGeologyandPalaeontology，
u c h p l a n t sa r eu s u a l l yp r e s e r v e da si s o l a t e do r g a n s，s
AcademiaS i n i c a .
a sl e a v e s，p o l l e n，f r u i t sands oo n .T h i si st h ec a s ei n
L o c a l i t y and a g e : Fushun，Liaoning Province，
of a r .Ast h e a l lt h eC h i n e s eFagusdocumenteds
northeastemChina， Middle-LateEocene(Guchengzi
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i z e d( F e r g u s o n1 9 8 5，S p i c e r1 9 9 1 ) .T h i sl e a d st oa
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pl .1 ，f i g s .5 -7( 19 2 2 ) . D i s c u s s i o n :F o s s i ll e a v e sd e s c r i b e d by F l o r i n
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margin， andv e n a t i o n .Oneoft h especimens( F lo r i n
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U . S . A .werem i s i d e n t i f i e dbyB e r r y( 1916，1 9 3 0 ) .
t h a tt h ew o r l d w i d ee a r l i e s tr e l i a b l er e c o r do fF agus
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financedfromtheDirectorFoundationofNanjing I n s t i t u t eofGeology andPalaeontology，Academia Sinica，whichareg r e a t l yacknowledged. R e f e r e n c e s A x e l r o dD .1 .1 9 8 7 .TheL a t eO l i g o c e n eC r e e d eF l o r a，C o 1 o r a d o .C a l i f .U n i v .P u b .Geol .S c i . 1 3 0 :1 2 3 5 . B e r r yE .W.1 9 1 6 .TheLowerEocenef l o r a so fs o u t h e a s t e m N o r t hA m e r i c a .U . S .Geol .S u r v .P r o f .P a p .9 1 :1 -481 . ー一一一一 1 9 3 0 .R e v i s i o no ft h eLowerEoceneWilcoxf l o r ao f s o u t h e a s t e ms t a t e s .U . S .Geo .S l u r v .P r o f .P a p .1 5 6 :1 1 9 6 . CaoK .F .1 9 9 5 .F agusdominancei nC h i n e s emontanef o r e s t s : n a t u r a lr e g e n e r a t i o no fFa g u sl u c i d aa n d F αg u sh a y a t a ev a r . p a s h a n i c α .P h . D .d i s s .WageningenA g r i c u l t u r a lU n i v e r s i t y， Wageningen， t h eN e t h e r l a n d s . ChangY .T .andHuangC .C .1 9 8 8 .N o t e sonF a g a c e a e( I I ) .A cta P h y t o t a x .S i n .2 6 :1 1 1 1 1 9 . DepapeG .1 9 3 2 .Laf l o r eT e r t i a i r eduWeiT c h 'ang( P r o v i n c e d eJ e h o l，C h i n e ) .Pub l .Mus.Hoangho( 6 ) :1 2 6 . D i l c h e rD .L .1 9 7 1 .A r e v i s i o no ft h eEocenef l o r ao fs o u t h e a s t e mN o r t hA m e r i c a .Thep a l e o b o t a n i s t2 0 :7 1 8 . F e r g u s o nD .K .1 9 8 5 .Theo r i g i no fl e a fa s s e m b l a g e s-new l i g h tona no l dp r o b l e m .R e v .P a l a e o b o t .P a l y n o l .4 6 :1171 8 8 . F lo r i nR .1 9 2 0 .E i n i g ec h i n e s i s c h eT e r t i a r p f l a n z e n .SvenskBo t . T i d s k . 1 4 : 2 3 9 2 4 3 . .1 9 9 2 .C e n o z o i cp l a n t s . l n :BureauofGeol .M i n .R e s .， GuoS .X J i l i nP r o v i n c e( e d よP a l e o n t o l o g i c a lA t l a so fJ i l i n，C h i n a . i li nS c i .T e c h .P u b .House，C h a n g c h u n . 563-580p p .J .J .1 9 7 3 .C l a s s i f i c a t i o no ft h ea r c h i t e c t u r e so f Hickey L d i c o t y l e d o n o u sl e a v e s .Amer.J .Bot .6 0 :1 7 3 3 . 一一一一 1 9 7 9 .A r e v i s e dc l a s s i f i c a t i o no ft h ea r c h i t e c t u r eo f d i c o t y 1 e d o n o u s1 e a v e s .I n :MetcalfeC .R .andChalkL . ( e d sよAnatomyo f D i c o t y l e d o n s， Vo. l1 ， 2nde d .， 25-39p p . C 1 a r e n d o nP r e s s， O x f o r d . H i l lR .S .andReadJ .1 9 9 1 .Ar e v i s e di n f r a g e n e r i cc l a s s i f i c a t i o n o t h o f i αg u s( F a g a c e a e ) .Bo t .J .L i n n .S o c .1 0 5 :3 7 7 2 . o fN HuH .H .andChaneyR .W. 1 9 4 0 .A Miocenef l o r afrom S h a n t u n gP r o v i n c e，C h i n a .P a l a e o n t .S i n .，N . S . A .( 1 ) :1 1 4 7 . J o n e sJ .H .1 9 8 6 .E v o l u t i o no ft h eF a g a c e a e :t h ei m p 1 i c a t i o n so f f o 1 i a rf e a t u r e s .Ann.M i s s o u r iB o t .G a r d .7 3 :2 2 8 2 7 5 . KitamuraS .andMurataG .1 9 7 9 .C o l o u r e di l l u s t r a t i o n so f I，H oikushaP u b l i s h i n gC o .， woodyp l a n t so fJ a p a n .Vo .I l L t d .， Osaka， 5 4 5 p p . KvacekZ . andW a 1 t h e rH .1 9 91 .R e v i s i o nd e rm i t t e l e u r o p a e i s c h e nt e r t i a e r e n Fagaceen nach l a t t e p i d e r m a l e n C h a r a k t e r i s t i k e n .F e d d e sR e p e r t o r i u m1 0 2 :4 7 1 5 3 4 . L iH .M.1 9 8 7 .Leafa r c h i t e c t u r a la n a 1 y s i s-anewmethodf o r i d e n t i f y i n ga n g i o s p e r m o u sf o s s i 1 1 e a v e s . l n :MuX .N.( e d よ NewT e c h n o l o g i e sandMethodsi nP a l a e o n t o l o g y .5 462 p p .S c i .P r e s s， B e i j i n g . 一一一一-andGuoS .X .1 9 8 2 .A n g i o s p e r m a e .I n :Nanjing1 n s 1 . Geo l .M i n .R e s .( e d よP a l e o n t o l o g i c a lA t l a so fE a s tChina， 43 1 6 . P a r t3，Volumeo fMesozoicandC e n o z o i c .p p .29 G e o l o g i c a lP u b l i s h i n gHouse， B e i j i n g . 一一一一 andYangG.Y .1 9 8 4 .MioceneQ i u l i g o uf l o r ai n DunhuaCounty，J i l i nP r o v i n c e .ActaP a l a e o n t .S i n .2 3 : 句
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2 0 4 2 1 7 . L i uY .S .i np r e s sa .F o l i a ra r c h i t e c t u r eo fB e t u l a c e a eanda r e v i s i o no fC h i n e s eb e t u l a c e o u sf o s s i ll e a v e s .P a l a e o n t o g r a p h i c aAb t .B . n : :LiX.X.e ta . l 一一一一一 i np r e s sb .Neogenef l o r a so f C h i n a .I a l a e o f l o r a si nC h i n a .GuangdongS c i e n t i f i cPub ( e d sよ P l i s h i n gHouse， Guangzhou. 一一一一一， GuoS .X .andFergusonD.K .i np r e s s .C a t a l o g u eo f C e n o z o i cm e g a f o s s i lp l a n t si nC h i n a .P a l a e o n t o g r a p h i c a Ab t .B . MikiS .1 9 3 3 .Ont h eP 1 e i s t o c e n ef l o r ai nP r o v .Yamashirow i t h t h ed e s c r i p t i o no f3news p e c i e sand1newv a r i e t y .B o t . 島1 a g .Tokyo4 7 :619-631 . お1 i n a k iM.1 9 8 5 .Thee v o l u t i o no fF a g u s . l n :UmeharaT .e ta l . u l t u r eo ft h eb e e c h z o n e .73-81p p .S h i s a k u s h a， ( e d sよ C T o k y o . .1 9 81 .F o s s i 1p o l l e nr e c o r d so fe x t a n t加 g i o s p e r m s . M u l l e rJ Bot .R e v .4 7 :1 1 4 2 . OhwiJ .1 9 8 4 .F l o r ao fJ a p a n .S m i t h s o n i a nI n s t i t u t i o n， Washi n g t o n， D . C .1 0 6 7p p . .F .andB o u f f o r dD .E .1 9 8 8 .F agush a y a t αe( F a g a c e a e ) ShenC -ar e m a r k a b l enewexampleo fd i s j u n c t i o nbetweenTaiwan andc e n t r a lC h i n a .J .J p n .Bo t .6 3 :96-101 . n :A l l i s o nR . S p i c e rR .A .1 9 91 .P l a n ttaphonomicp r o c e s s e s .I A .andB r i g g sD .E .G .( e むよ Taphonomy:R e l e a s i n gt h e d a t al o c k e di nt h ef o s s i lr e c o r d .71-113p p .PlenumP r e s s， NewY o r k . T a n a iT .1 9 61 .Neogenef l o r a lchangei nJ a p a n .J .F a c .Sc i . HokkaidoU n i v .1 0 :1 1 9 3 9 8 . g u saround 一一一一一一 1 9 7 4 .E v o l u t i o n a r yt r e n d so ft h eg e n u sFa t h enorthemP a c i f i cb a s i n .B i r b a lS a h n iI n s t .P a l a e o b o t . S p e c .Pub . l( 1 ) :6 2 8 3 . 一一一一 1 9 7 6 .Ther e v i s i o no ft h eP l i o c e n eMogif l o r a，d e s c r i b e dbyN a t h o r s t( 18 8 3 )andF l o r i n( 19 2 0 ) .J .F a c .S c i . HokkaidoU n i v .1 7 :2 7 7 3 4 6 . TaoJ .R .andDuN .Q .1 9 8 2 .Neogenef l o r a o f T e n g c h o n gB a s i n i nwestemYunnan， C h I n a .Acta8 0 t .S i n .2 4 :2 7 3 2 8 1 . T a y l o rD . W. 1 9 9 0 .P a l e o b i o g e o g r a p h i cR e l a t i o n s h i p so f Angiospermsfromt h eC r e t a c e o u sandE a r l yT e r t i a r yo ft h e -41 7 . N o r t hAmericanA r e a .Bo t .R e v .5 6 :279 UemuraK .1 9 8 8 .L a t eMioceneF lo r a si nN o r t h e a s tHonshu， J a p a n .1 9 7p p .N a t i o n a lS c i e n c eMuseum， T o k y o . .andDilcherD.L .1 9 9 0 .Cenomaniana n g i o s p e r m UpchurchG .R 1 e a fm e g a f o s s i l s， DakotaF o r m a t i o n， RoseC r e e kL o c a l i t y， J e f f e r s o nCounty， s o u t h e a s t e mN e b r a s k a .U .S .Geo . lS u r v . B u ll .1 9 1 5 :1 5 5 . W a l t h e rH .a n d Z e t t e rR .1 9 9 3 .ZurE n t w i c k l u n gd e rP a l a e o g e n e n i t t e l e u r o p a s .P a l a e o n t o g r a p h i c aAb t .B 2 3 0 : F a g a c e a e恥1 1 8 3 1 9 4 . WGCPC( T h eW r i t i n gGroupo fC e n o z o i cP l a n t so fC h i n a ) 1 9 7 8 .C e n o z o i cp l a n t sfromC h i n a .232p p . Sc. iP r e s s， B e i j i n g . Wo1feJ .A .andSchomH .E .1 9 9 0 .Taxonomicr e v i s i o no ft h e S p e r m a t o p s i d ao ft h eO l i g o c e n eC r e e d ef l o r a，southem C o l o r a d o .U .S .Geol .S u r v .Bull .1 9 2 3 :1 -4 0 . Z e t t e rR .1 9 8 4 .M o r p h o l o g i s c h eU n t e r s u c h u n g e na nF a g u s B l a t t e r na u sdemNeogenO s t e r r e i c h s .B e i t r .Palaont .O s t e r r . 1 1 :2 0 7 2 8 8 . n : Working group of ZhangJ .H .1 9 7 8 .A n g i o s p e r m a e .l 閑
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s t r a t i g r a p h yandp a 1 e o n t o 1 o g yi nGuizhou( e d . )， P a 1 e o n t o 1 o g i c a 1A t 1 a so fSouthwestChina， Vo1umeo fGuizhou， n o .
-491p p .G e o 1 o g i c a 1Pub2 .C a r b o n i f e r o u s Q u a t e m a r y .488 1 i s h i n gHouse， Be 司i n g .
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