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procedure ENTER ( st : sec tion ; TAB : var Classlist )
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program main (); var x , y : integer ; procedure R;
procedure P; var x : Boolean ; begin
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var y : real ; begin
Q // call Q
x := x + 1;
end p begin main p;
var x : real ; begin
end .
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