Pairing-Based Message Authentication Scheme with Privacy Protection in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Chun-I Fan
Ruei-Hau Hsu
Chun-Hao Tseng
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
ABSTRACT Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) can provide strong safety for vehicles by taking the advantages of the information which are interchanged among themselves and some infrastructures. Due to this significant application of VANET, message authentication and privacy in VANET is quite critical. Pseudonym PKI technology is a practical solution to ensure the above two properties. However, the performance of the previous works cannot satisfy the requirement for the applications in VANET, such as efficiency and management cost. Most of all pseudonym PKI technologies are comprehensive schemes, like group key and ID-based public key cryptosystem. This also increases the implementation complexity of VANET security. Therefore, we will propose an efficient pseudonym PKI mechanism based on bilinear mapping to improve the performance of the message authentication protocol, certificate tracing and certificate revocation, implementation cost, and management cost.
Keywords Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), Security, Privacy Protection, PKI, Pseudonym, Bilinear Pairing
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivation Because of the occurrence of the large scale production-line in 1902, it makes automobiles to become affordable to mass population. Today, automobiles are not luxurious symbols and influential officials’ patent anymore, but rather necessaries for everyone and are related to everyday life. Along with technology development in many areas, such as electrical engineering, wireless communication technology, computer science, material technology…etc., the driving experience has to be redefined. It aims to provide driver and passenger a much more comfortable and safety travel experience. In order to achieve the goal described above, wireless communication infrastructure must be deployed every nook and Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. The International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications & Systems 2008 (Mobility Conference), 10-12 September, 2008, Ilan, Taiwan. Copyright 2008 ACM 978-1-60558-089-0.$5.00.
corner to provide ubiquitous wireless network environment in accessing the Internet services and various types of personal communication applications everywhere. In recent years, major car manufacturers BMW, Daimler-Chrysler, Ford, and GM [2] cooperated with telecommunications industries and had presented more than 50 applications which are based on Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) [21] technology (we will describe below). The applications can be categorized into two aspects: safety improvement (also known as public safety) and comfort for passenger (also known as private applications). Safety improvements range from cooperative collision avoidance, vehicle safety inspection, approaching emergency vehicle warning, vehicle signal priority, commercial vehicle clearance, invehicle signing, rollover warning, probe data collection, highwayrail intersection warning. And private applications including electronic toll collection, electronic parking lot payments, rental car processing, data transfers like music data updates. For example, KVH [23] and Microsoft’s MSN TV [24] introduced TracNet which is reserved for the use of automotive vehicle Internet access. It makes Internet services to in-car video screens come true and the entire vehicle is covered by IEEE 802.11 based Wi-Fi hotspot. The passengers can then use their wireless-enabled laptops or PDA to go online. Among all of the applications, safety improvement is the most important topic to let people pay close attention to. Current traffic accident statistics are notoriously horrific, because the number of vehicles is increasing faster than the number of roads. According to CARE – European Road Accident Database report 2007, approximately 43,000 people die every year on the roads in the member states of the European Union (EU), with around 1.8 million people injured, and the costs associated with traffic accidents estimated 160 billion euros. [20] Based on the 2007 edition of Statistics of Road Traffic Accidents in Europe and North America, there were approximately 1.9 million road traffic accidents happened in the United States in 2004, it made 42,836 people died, and with 2.7 million people injured. [25] The annual costs associated with crashes (like hospital bills and damaged property) total nearly 3 percent of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP), or roughly US $1 trillion.[10] In order to reduce the traffic accidents, governments and researchers around the world try to find out effective solutions, and Vehicular ac hoc network (VANET), or we can also call it Vehicular Communication (VC) system, seems to be one of the answers and will be ubiquitous everywhere in the not-too-distant future.
