Palaearctic

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﻰ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،1‬ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﻣﻈﻔﺮﻯ‪ ،2‬ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺪ ﺻﻔﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻬﺮﻭ‪ ، 3‬ﻫﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻏﻔﺎﺭﻯ ‪4‬‬ ‫‪1‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫‪2‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫‪3‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫‪4‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻧﻤﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺫﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1389‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ‪ 88‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ‪12‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮﻩ‪ 30،‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ‪ 37‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻜﺖ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻄﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﭗ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺷﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺑﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ ﻭ ﺗﭙﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍژﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‪ ،‬ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﻨﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺑﻰ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻯ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺍ ً‪ 1500‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ 400‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ‪400000‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ‪ P70‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮﺁﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ )ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ( ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻏﺮﺑﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ‪) Palaearctic‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻯ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻰ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬ ‫)ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻰ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻰ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻰ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺯﻳﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ)‪ .(1‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺗﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﻡ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻰ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻃﻰ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻧﻤﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ‬‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ‪ 250000‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻬﮕﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﺮﺍﺣﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﺤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 49° 52' 13"E‬ﻭ ‪ 52° 54' 45"E‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪32° 36' 04"N‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ 30° 19' 26"N‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﺤﺎﻝﻭﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﻠﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﺒﺰﻛﻮﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﺮﺩﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻭﺟﻦ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺪﺭﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻞ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻬﮕﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﺮﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺎﻯ ﺷﺮﻗﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺩﺷﺖ ﺭﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﮔﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻯ ﺟﻴﺪﺭﺯﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻔﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻏﺬﺍ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

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‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -1‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ‪-‬ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ‪ -‬ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﭗ‪ -‬ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺷﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ‪ -‬ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ‬‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ 48‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﭗ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﻁ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻟﺰﺍﻟﻚ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻠﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﭗ ﺍﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻚ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺱ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻻﺷﺒﺮﮔﻬﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﻁ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ‪ 1400‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ‪ -‬ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺍﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻔﻰ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﺍﻯ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺷﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻡ ﻛﻮﻫﻰ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻟﺰﺍﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻴﺒﻬﺎﻯ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﻠﻮﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻯ ﺳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺩﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﻓﻬﺎﻯ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﭗ‪ -‬ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭ‬‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 1100‬ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 2500‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻔﻰ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻜﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻓﻨﻪ‪Cirsium bractosum - Noaea mucronata - Bromus ،‬‬ ‫‪.mucronate‬‬ ‫ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺷﺘﻰ‬‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 1100‬ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ً ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -2‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬

‫ﺟﺰﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺷﺘﺮ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺑﻰ‬‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰﻭﻻﺕ ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺗﮕﺮگ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺑﻰ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻳﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻛﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻃﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻰ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﻣﺒﺮﺍ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺘﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻍ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻟﻴﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ‪ 6‬ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﻮﺳﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ‪18‬ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ 23‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ 6 .‬ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﻣﻮﻟﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ‪ Agamidae‬ﺑﺎ ‪ 3‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ‪ 6‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪ Eublepharidae ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ Gekkonidae‬ﺑﺎ ‪ 5‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ‪ 7‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪ Lacertidae ،‬ﺑﺎ ‪ 5‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ‪ 5‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪Scincidae ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ‪ 3‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ‪ 3‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪ Varanidae ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻻﻙ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ‪ 2‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ‪ Testudunidae‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ Geoemydidae‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻻﻙ ﭘﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺳﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ 4‬ﺗﻴﺮﻩ‪ 10 ،‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ‪12‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ Boidae‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪ Colubridae ،‬ﺑﺎ ‪ 6‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ‪ 8‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪ Typhlopidae ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ Viperidae‬ﺑﺎ ‪ 2‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ‪ 2‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﺐ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺷﺐ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﻰ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬

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‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪ : (1‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ 6‬ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ 1‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ 6‬ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﺪﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺟﺤﻴﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ 1‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 2629‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ‪ 1270‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ 48‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺻﺨﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﭗ ﺗﭙﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺷﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺑﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻤﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻠﻰ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻯ‬ ‫ ﺟﻨﺎﺏ ﺁﻗﺎﻯ‬،‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻡ ﺯﻫﺰﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺁﻗﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻫﻮﺷﻨﮓ ﺿﻴﺎﺋﻰ‬،‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻰ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﺣﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺕ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻧﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ‬.‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺪ‬،‫ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ‬.‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ ﺳﺮﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻫﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻏﻔﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﺏ ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﻣﻈﻔﺮﻯ‬،‫ﺻﻔﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻬﺮﻭ‬ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﺯ‬.‫ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﻤﻜﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﻎ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺷﻬﺮﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﻭﻩ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺭﻯ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

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‫ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬6 ‫ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺟﺤﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬: (1) ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ .‫ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺯﻳﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻯ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻰ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬،1389 ،‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ‬-1 .‫ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺱ ﺭﺿﻮﻯ‬،‫ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ‬،‫ ﻣﺼﺪﺍﻗﻰ‬.‫ﻡ‬،1379 ،‫ ﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﺳﻴﻨﻜﻼﻳﺮ‬-2 .‫ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‬.‫ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺯﻯ‬.(‫ ﺳﻮﺳﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬:‫ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻯ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻰ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ )ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻭﻝ‬،1385 .‫ ﺡ‬،‫ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﺎ‬.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻯ‬.‫ ﻥ‬،‫ ﺭﺳﺘﮕﺎﺭ ﭘﻮﻳﺎﻧﻲ‬-3 4- Anderson, S. C., 1999, The lizards of Iran. Society for the study of amphibians and reptiles. SSAR. 5- Leviton, A. E., Anderson, S. C., Adler, K. and Minton, S. A. 1992, Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles. Contributions to Herpetology, No. 8, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford, Ohio, USA. 6- Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Kami, H. G., Rajabizadeh, M., Anderson, S. C. and Shafiei, S. 2008, Annotated Checlist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. IJAB. Vol. 4.

Abstract:

The study of relative abundance of reptiles in major habitats of Central Zagros Kamran Kamali, Omid Mozafari, Barbod Safaei Mahro, Hanyeh Ghafari The study of priorities of habitat selection, based on a variety of reptile species, and identification of important areas is of importance in order to protect these species within Central Zagros Study Area, because ignoring this point in selection, protection and management of the habitats and neglecting reptiles within Central Zagros –which occupies one fourth of the country- results in rational selection of areas with identical habitat conditions (generally forests). As a result, the habitats of many reptiles, some of which are endemic to those areas are not protected which in the long term leads to elimination of some species. Zagros reptiles were studied within four provinces covering Central Zagros Area from April to Dec 2010, and 12 families, 30 genera and 37 species were identified during 88 field days. The study method was in the form of identification and counting along some linear transects. According to the results, reptiles of Central Zagros prefer rocky mountainous habitats, hills, plains, man-made habitats, forested mountains and aquatic habitats. In other words, the reptiles diversity is higher in rocky mountains and also hills.