PALO

This is the author's preprint of the paper: International Journal of IT Standards andB., Standardization Research, 8(2), 87-104, July-December 2010 Najjar, J., Derntl, M., Klobucar, T., Simon, Totschnig, M., Grant, S., & Pawlowski, J. (2010). A data model for 87

describing and exchanging Personal Achieved Learning Outcomes (PALO). International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research, 8 (2), 87-104. For the published version go to: http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2010070107

A Data Model for Describing and Exchanging Personal Achieved Learning Outcomes (PALO) Jad Najjar, WU Vienna, Austria Michael Derntl, University of Vienna, Austria ?$+2@) >$A9B2%0)C.'-5-9-)DE$@!F)$"!%')'!!=),!$,>!)-42-)+2-/4),2%-5/9>2%)I92>5J/2-5$.')2.&)7%2&92-!')'!!=)K$A')-42-)+2-/4)-4!5%)I92>5J/2-5$.'L)?45')+2%=!-)5')/9%%!.->")+2.27!&),%5+2%5>")9'5.7),2,!%)/!%-5J/2-!')2.&)4!-!%$7!.!$9')9.56!%'5-") management systems that capture achieved learning outcomes as well as corporate information systems that /2,-9%!)%!I95%!&)I92>5J/2-5$.'L)C.)>574-)$F)-%!.&')-$#2%&)5./%!2'!&)'-9&!.-)+$A5>5-"0)!+,>$"2A5>5-")2.&)>5F!>$.7) learning, this situation is less than satisfactory. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose a schema that facilitates interoperable storage and management of Personal Achieved Learning Outcomes (PALO) based on a common data model. This paper presents use case scenarios and implementations addressing these challenges and demonstrating the added value of using such a common model. !"#$%&'()

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Assessment record – This element gives information as evidence that a learner has obtained a learning outcome. The record constitutes evidence of the verification of the attainment of a certain achieved learning outcome by a certain learner. Thus, assessment records allow association between learners and learning outcomes, in a formalised way, e.g., as a certificate, license or official record.

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!"#$%&'()*)+,-,.)/0/)01!2314) !"#%5&)!$)6%7($%28(%5&)%5)"$%5()!$)919:($!5%:);!$ Jad Najjar obtained his PhD from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U.Leuven), Computer Science Department, Belgium. He was also a post doctoral fellow at Hypermedia and Database research unit of K.U.Leuven and afterwards has been working as a senior researcher at Institute for Information Systems and New Media, WU Vienna, Austria. Jad has been working as a work package leader of Learning Needs and Opportunities of the European ICOPER eContentPlus Project. He was also involved in other European projects like ARIADNE, MACE and MELT. His recent work focuses on modelling, design and evaluation of learning outcome based educational systems and specifications. He is a co-author of the Contextualized Attention Metadata (CAM) ',!/5F5/2-5$.'W)2)'/4!+2)2.&)F%2+!#$%=)F$%)-%2/=5.7)2.&)+2.275.7)&2-2)2A$9-)9'!%)2--!.-5$.)2.&) interest across systems and contexts. He is involved in standards workgroups like the European CEN/ISSS Workshop on Learning Technologies and IEEE LTSC. Jad is a reviewer of several international journals and conferences, and served as a chair of international (IEEE/ACM) workshops around attentions metadata, learning needs and learning outcomes. Michael Derntl holds a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Vienna. He is a Lecturer and a Researcher at the Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna. He has worked and published extensively on topics related to learning technologies in international journals, books and conference proceedings. His current research interests include educational design, particularly the role of people, design languages, tools and standards for technology enhanced learning, as well as Web 2.0 and social software for teaching and learning. ?$+2@) >$A9B2%)5')2)%!'!2%/4!%)2-)12A$%2-$%")F$%)8,!.)