Panel Organizationand Architecture - CiteSeerX

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Panel Cooperative Buildings- Integrating Information, Organizationand Architecture

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GMD-IPSL Rrmmy (chair), Voker Hdopf Carnegie Mellon Universi~, USA, &oshi khii MP Media hb, USA, Simon Kaplm, Universi~ of Queensh& Austrd% ~omas R Morm, Xerox P~~ USA

Norbert A

Stieiti,

INTRODUCTION Future wor~ cooperation, and organizations wifl be charactetied by a high degree of dynamics, flexibility and mobtity — substantitiy more so today. Rerdizing this god has profound implithan cations for information and communication technology as u’e~ as architecture because virtual and physical spaces have to be designed in an integrated fashion in order to provide equtiy flexible cooperati~e work environments. The notion of “Cooperative Btidings” [q provides a tiework to focus and merge a number of currentiy SW pardel approaches and developments in ~erent disciplines contributing to tie design of the workspaces of the future. me purpose of this panel is to introdum the CSCW audience to a chdenging generation of new problems and issues which me Nely to shape research in CSCW and architwture in the foreseeable future. Cooperative Workplaces and Buildings Center for BuiHing Volker Hartkopf, Pe#o~ce and Diagnostics, Carnegie Melbn Unh’ersity, Pi~burgh, USA

comfom organizational flexibility, tmhnologicrd adaptability, energy and environmental effectiveness. Architectural Space as an intetiace BeWeen People and Bits Hiroshi hhii, MIT Media hboratory, USA (ishii@mediamiLdu) We envision that the architectural spaces we inhabit WWbe an interface between humans and ofine di~ti information. We cdl it ‘Tangible Bits” [3]. FirsGI wi~ introduce the ambientROOM project [4, q, whichwasdesigned to explore how an architecturrd space could be used to convey information to a user and have that information smoothly transition from the user’s center of attention (foreground) when needed and fade into the periphery @ackground) when not in use. We constructed a special room equipped with embeddd ambient displays and sensors. The ambientROOM lead us to the design of standdone ambient fixtures which include Water hp and Pinwhmls [7]. The Water Wp projects water ripple shadow created by a “rain of bitsY The Pinwheels spin in a “bit wind.” These ambient fixtures present information within an architectural space through subtle changes in figh~ sound, and movement which can be processed in the background of awareness. In this panel, I will describe the conceptual framework of Tangible Bits, present several design examples, and discuss design issues. Blending Wrtualand Physical Space Simon WpIan, Department of Computer Science and Elec~.cal Engineen.ng; me UntiersiQ of Queensh& Austr&a

([email protected]) As manufacturing and marketing of products have become globrd with the n~ to be, at the same time, local in meeting the needs of demanding customers, research, design and en=tieering activities of glob~ companies are increasingly being decentrrdi~ This poses si=ticant ch~enges to create co~abomtive environments. Such environments must support many forms of collaboration one on one, one to many, many to many, asynchronously and synchronously. This raises the foflowing questionx What kind of characteristics must the places possess in which Utedy hundreds of tierent forms of collaboration and individurd work ~ be conducted? HOWdo we enable individurds and organizations to be productive, crmtive, innovative and refiable? How are the systems integrated tiat make a building: structure, facade, heating, ventilating, air conditioning and coohng WAC), fighting, furniture, Computer Supported Cooperative Work Systems (CS~? Four major characteristics of such workplaces wi~ be exemp~d individurd

([email protected]) It is clm to anyone who thinks about this that as a community we nd to support a blending of ‘physicrd’ and ‘virtual’ space in our collaboration suppofi Thus we might be able to support collaborations that span from a ~oup of people sitting around a table, or wandering around, to remote participants at their desktops, to irnmersive interfaces. This raises questions of what it means to work across physical and virtual space, how we should understand such work, etc. h my part of the panel, I will oudine some ways we might go

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about rnodefing and understanding what W fis means, drawing on our own work on Locrdes Framework and~exader’s work on patterns and centers 11]. Physi=~tiual Collaborative Environments Thomas P. &loran, Xerox PARC, USA ([email protected]) CoUaborative work takes place in physical, as well as virtual space. With the rapid advances of networks, the web, and wireless communication, virtual space is rapi~y being tied together. Work is physicdy distributed over multiple workplace sites, as we~ as the home. CS~ has traditionfly focussd on the issues of distribute work and how to Ink people, synchronously and asynchronously. Whhin a phy&cd site, work is distributed throughout complex architect spaces. The artifacts of working are spread over desks, tables, WWS,and floors, as w’e~ as in organiti &g cabinets. Ddlng with the r~ty of the physical workspace and its relation to the_ information space is a new chtienge for CSW. Jnherent in the physicrdity of work activity is its informal nature conversations and encounters are casual, and even formrd meetings are largely fr=wheebg. Further, the everyday products of work practice are informrd, such as scribbled notes @ersonrd, shared) and annotations on artifacts. The informal aspects of work have traditiondy bmn a focus of PARC research mda spaces, pen-basal tools, mdtimedia meeting capture, ubiquitous and “CM computing. Recendy, P~C has been turning to the issues of the physicWvirtud boundary: how to coordinate tie simple physical artifacts and architecturrd spaces of work into the virtnrd knowledge spaces. P~Cs approach is basal on trying to understand work practice wtie trying to exploit seved technologie~ Sensors attachd to physicrd work artifacts (e.g., to be able to idenm paper documents). Sensors embedded into the physicrd architecture (e.g., to identify physical locrdes to guide people through them) Cameras to capture work surfaces (e.g., large whiteboard images). Recognition techniques on video data sources (e.g., to iden@ information artifacts or to interpret human gestures) htegrative archiwtures to pdl together heterogeneous sensed event data to provide context-basal services. Some of the issues we are facing involve understantig what is “nati work activity understanding personal vs shared information k=ping user interfaces invisible built-in vs mobde technologies cheap/ublqnitous vs expensivdsophisticated techno-logies interpreting impetiect sensory data

graceful embdding of displays in the physicrd environernnt the role of tradition physical artifacts (books to whiteboards) synchroting virturd information with physicrd rerdity &=tig virtnrd representations with the physical world Roomware for Cooperative Buildings Norbert A. Streiti, GMD-IPSI, Germany ([email protected]) As part of my introduction to the panel, I will also present the i-L~ environment [5]. It constitutes an example of our vision of the workspaces of the future in so called “cooperative buildings” [6]. iL~ supports cooperative work of dynamic teams with changing needs addressing the implications of new work practices. It is based on an integrated design of information and architectural spac~ and related to augmented rerdity and ubiquitous computing. The design results in so called “roomware” components [5], i.e. computer-augmented objects integrating room elements with information technology. They require and provide new fores of human-computer interaction and enable the composition and ‘decomposition of teams and subgroups in new ways. Besides the theoreticrd fiarnework, the design of i-L~ was informed by the results of a requirements study investigating so called “creative teams” in major companies. I will present a brief overview of the current refimtion of i-L~ [2] in terms of the following roomware components: an interactive wdl @ynaWall), an interactive table @tractable), and two computer-augmented chairs (ComrnChairs). They are complemental by the Passage mechanism which Wows for an intuitive physical transportation of digiti information. References Fitzpatrick, G., Kaplan, S., Parsowith, S. (1998). fiperience in Building a CooperativeDistributed Organimtion: ksons for CooperativeBuildings. k Streiti et d. @s.), Proc. of CoBuiM ’98, pp. 6679. Hohner,T., Lacour,L., Streitx,N. (1998).i-LAND:An kteractive Landscapefor Creativi~ and hmovation Edeo Proceedings of ACM conference h CSW98.

Ishii H., tier, B. (1997). Tangible Bits: Towards Sedess Interfaces between People, Bits and Atoms. Proceedings of CHI ’97 march 1997), Am, 234241. IsW1,H., W]sneski,C., Brave, S., Dahley,A., Gorbet, M., Ullmer, B., and Yarin, P. (1998). ambientROOM ktegrating Ambient Media with of ArchitecW Space (video).h: Con$ S~ry CHZ’98, Am, 1998.

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Strei~ N., Geissler,J., Hohner,T. (1998).Roomware for Cooperative Buildings: ktegrated Design of 412 ,,

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ArchitecturrdSpare and Mormation Spa=. k Strei~ et A @.), Proc of CoBuiW98, pp. 421. Streiti, N., Konomi, S., BurMard~ H. @ds.), Cooper&e Bui&gs - Itiegratig Info-h Orgmizatio% & Arctitechr& Procee&gs of CoBtiU’98, Darmstad~Germany.kture Notesin ComputerScience1370.Springer. Rqsnesti, C, IsMl,M, DMey, A, Gorbe4LI., Bra}re, S., ~er, B., Yarin,R (1998).AmbientDisplays: Turning Architectural Space into an Interface beh;’eenPeople and Di@ti Wormatiomk Streiti et A @.), Proc of CoB~ ’98, pp. 22-32. Permission to*e digitalorhard copies ofdl or part of this ~vok for paonal or classroom use is @ted without f= protided that copies are not made or dism%utedfor profit or commercial ad~mtage and that copies bear this notice and the fill citation on the first page. To copy othmisq to repubfish, to post on senrers or to red~tribute to ~its, and~or a f=. rquircs prior specific permission

CS~V 98 Seatie \V=tington USA Cop~tightAChl 19981-581134094/98/11-.$5.00

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CSCW ’98 Workshop Program Pad Dotish,

of Jpti@@

Xerox P~C, USA ([email protected]), Finknd (mike@ cs.&x$)

Wl: Methodologies for Evaluation Ja SchoI@ NISZ USA hurie Damianos, M=,

USA

Universi~

Scoping out conshaints and possibilities is an important task for any designer or consultant. This workshop focuses on improving collaborative desi.~ and consulting interventions by better charting tahnologicd and organizational constraints. h participatory design and computer supported co~aborative work practitioners and partic- ipants must attend to numerous constraints if they are to discover productive possibilities. For example, software is designed on the terrain of hardware capabtities, btiding configuration and use arise amidst zoning restrictions, and organizations identify and tap sources of legitimacy. Constraints include tools, knowledge, organizational suppo~ socird and cultural conventions, time, and others. Making conflicts explicit between different sets of design constraints is productive as it encourages new and creative ways to solve design problems. How do consultants make these conflicts expficit? We ~ consider experiences in which design practice was improved by expticitiy examining constraints. Workshop participants wi~ develop a draft guide including various methods for mapping out constraints to design processes.

USA

This workshop wi~ discuss ~erent approaches used to evrduate CS~ systems. Our god is to produce a taxonomy of evrduation methodologies for CSCW systems, iden~g the me of systems for which a technique is most useti, the stage of development in which a methodology is appropriate, the resources needed to conduct an evaluation, and the appropriate measures for the vtious techniques. We plan to discuss various metiods of data collection for collaborative work and identify the evaluation methodologies for which various types of data co~ection are most appropriate. Otier issues we hope to discuss during the workshop include sharing and comparing coHmted &@ the use~ess of standardized component tests, and the organization of evrduation resdts to make them more accessible to the development communi~. Contacc jm.scholtz@nis~gov W2 Towards Adaptive Wor~ow Systems Mark ~ein, MR USA Chrysanthos DeUarocs%m

Robhson,

W3: Identifying Constraints in Design Todd Cherkas&, David hvinger, Rensselaer Po~technic Institite, USA

Andrew Greenberg, TASC, USA Robyn Kozierok, Mm,

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Contacfi [email protected]

USA

WA Understanding Professional Work and Technology in Domestic Environments Jon WBrien, bncaster Universi~, UK

Abraham Bernstein, ME USA Today’s business environments are characte~ by dynamic, uncertain and error-prone environments. To effatively support business processes in such contexts, wor~ow systems must be able to adapt themselves when deviations tim the “id@ process (i.e., “exceptions”) occur. The gord of tie workshop is to draw togetier researchers on ada~ tive wortiow systems and help identi& the breadth of current work cornmontities, gaps, potential co~aborations and future reswch directions. Relevant topics include, but are not titi to methodologies and tools for detecting, understanding and resolving exceptions; fitructures for dynamidy modifiable process modelq serniprescriptive process models for dynamic environment and empirid studies of exception hanting in collaborative work settings

Konrad Tobar, Stefan JuneStrand, Royal Institite of Technobgy,Sweden Many tihnoIogies such as the PC, ktemet access, new digitrd media and advancti telephony are now found in the home and are changing (or seeking to change) the ways in which people are entertain, informed and inte~ersondly connected in domestic environments. The gord of the workshop is to understand and experience the practice of professional work and the use of advanced communication technology in dQmestic environments. This W be accomptishd through co~aborative exploration into the territory of empticrd research in CS~ and its increasingly important focus on t=hnologicd change.

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ContacE m_Mein@miLedu 415

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communication and information systems ~’community nehvor~). We are especially interested in how participatory design techniques can be inte.mted into public democratic design approaches and systems. We dso beheve that input from citizens as “lay designers” will provide an invaluable infusion of insight into the development of effective systems in civic and other reabs. Finally, since these communication systems are becoming global in nature, we feel that issues about localism and globdism are extremely appropriate in the context of CSCW and geographically-based community systems. We will examine four main community design themes: (1) Looking at Innovative Regional Systems; (2) Theorizing About New Systems; (3) Recommendations and Future Directions; and (4) Critical Esues.

Of special interest for the workshop ~ti be to identify where (and where not) rdready known methods and practices cotid be appfid in domestic environments. Contacc [email protected] W5 Changing Work Practice in TechnologyMediated Learning Environments Toni Robertson, Sue Fowe~, University of NW South R7des,Amtra14 Penny Cotigs, Universi~ of C&err4 Australti The theme of this workshop is tie relations behveen the rhetoric of choice, opportuni~, and mmket advantage that surround the introduction of information technolo=q into learning environments and the practice of those whose work includes the development and facilitation of courses in tiese environments. We encourage participation by those interestd in clarifying the dynamics behveen economic ar.wments for increasing the use of information technolo=q teaching and learning environments; the very rerd ducationd potentirds tiat whnolo=~-mediated environments offeG the industrid relations and work practice implications of developing and facZtating courses in these environments; and tie changing opportunities for students in terms of access and participation in their education programs.

Contacc [email protected] W8: Handheld CSCW Hans-W. Gellersen, Universi~ Gemny

of Karlsruhe,

The workshop investigates the application of handheld and wearable computers to support collaborative work. Participation is sought both from the co~aborative work research community and handheld computing research areas such as ubiquitous computing, wearable computing, personrd digitrd assistants, and mobile computing. Specific objectives are to andyse handheld CSCW systems and applications, to review handheld technologies witi respect to their application in CSCW, and to inform handheld computing development from anrdysis of co~aborative work. More general gods are to promote an awareness of handheld computing in the CSCW community, to stimulate a shift from single-user to multi-user application of handhelds and wearables, and to foster a community for handheld CSCW research.

Contacc [email protected] W6: Internet-based Groupware for User Participation in Product Development Monica Dxvitini, Babak A Farshchian, M, Nonvay, Tuomo Tuikk% UniversiQ of Oulu, FinW This workshop wiH focus on the adoption of htemet-based groupware for promoting user participation in co~aborative development of both software and non-software products. We invite participation of boti practitioners and academics. ~Te aim to provide a forum for gaining better understanding of user participation in the product development process through tie hteme~ as well as of the support that can be providti through groupware systems. We therefore welcome position papers describing tools and prototypes, reporting on experiences, and identifying open problems in this ara

Contacc [email protected] W9: Collaborative and Cooperative information Seeking in Digital Information Environments Etizabeth Churc~, FX Palo Alto tiboratory, USA, Dave Snowdon, Xerox Research Center Europe, France, Gene Golovchins~, ~ Palo Alto hboratory, USA We wfl discuss current conceptions of collaborative and cooperative information seeking activities, and identify potentird areas for future research on the design and use of digital information spaces. We wish to explore different kinds of collaboration, including asynchronous recommendation systems and synchronous collaborative search and browsing activities by non-collocated partici-

Contact [email protected]

W7:

Designing Across Borders: The Community Design of Community Networks Doug Schtier, Evergreen State College, USA The workshop explores the current state and possible futures of nehvorkd @eographic) community 416

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