Particle Physics & Introduction to the Standard Model Outline ...

Particle Physics and Introduction to Standard Model

Particle Physics & Introduction to the Standard Model Date:

Mon, 9:15 - 11:00 Fri,

Venue:

9:15 – 11:00

nHS Phil 12

Lecturer: J. Pawlowski / U. Uwer http://www.physi.uni-heidelberg.de/~uwer/lectures/ParticlePhysics/

Particle Physics & Introduction to Standard Model Outline

U. Uwer

I.

Introduction

II.

Prerequisites

III.

Introduction to QED

IV.

e+e− annihilation experiments below the Z resonance

V.

Weak interaction and phenomenological approach to the SM

VI.

Standard Model

VII.

Experimental tests of the Standard Model

VIII.

Strong Interaction

IX.

Flavor oscillations

X.

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model

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Particle Physics and Introduction to Standard Model

Literature

• O. Nachtmann: Elementarteilchenphysik, Vieweg • F.Halzen, A.Martin: Quarks and Leptons, John Wiley. • C.Berger: Elementarteilchenphysik, Springer. • D.H.Perkins: Introduction to High Energy Physics, Cambridge University Press. • Particle Data Group: Review of Particle Physics, 2008. http://pdg.lbl.gov/

I. Introduction 1. Standard Model: Building blocks of matter and their interactions 2. Experimental tools 3. Natural units

What you already know from „Physik 5“

U. Uwer

2

Particle Physics and Introduction to Standard Model

1. Standard Model *) of Particle Physics Based on the principle of local gauge invariance

12 gauge fields

I

II

III

Not yet directly observed

*) S. L. Glashow, A. Salam and S. Weinberg, 1967/8

History of Experimental Tests of Standard Model 1967/8 Standard Model, S. L. Glashow, A. Salam and S. Weinberg 1971

Renormalizability of non-abelian gauge theories, G. `t Hooft and M. Veltman

1973

Asymptotic freedom of QCD, D. Gross, D. Politzer and F. Wilzcek

1973

Discovery of Neutral Currents: „Z-Boson exchange“ (Gargamelle, CERN)

1974

Discovery of the 4th quark (SLAC / BNL)

1979

Discovery of the gluon (DESY)

1983

Observation of W and Z bosons (UA1/2, CERN)

1989

Start of LEP I: Z factory Z properties, measurement of radiative corrections, prediction of topmass

U. Uwer

1995

Discovery of the Top-Quark at TEVATRON

1996

Start of LEP II: W Pair production and Higgs search (until Nov 2000)

2001

Start of TEVATRON Run II: Precision measurement of Top-Quark and W-Boson properties, B physics

2009

Start of LHC: Discovery of the Higgs boson ?

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Particle Physics and Introduction to Standard Model

1.1 Leptons and Quarks Point-like, spin ½ , elementary building blocks of matter < 10-18 m

Flavor-Generation

Q [e]

Leptons

⎛ν e ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎝e⎠

⎛ν µ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎝µ⎠

⎛ν τ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎝τ ⎠

⎛0⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎝ − 1⎠

Quarks

⎛u ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎝d ⎠

⎛c ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎝s⎠

⎛t ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎝b⎠

⎛+ 2 ⎞ ⎜ 3⎟ ⎜− 1 ⎟ 3⎠ ⎝

Doublets reflect structure of weak interaction Anti-particles with opposite charge to each lepton/quark

U. Uwer

4

Particle Physics and Introduction to Standard Model

Lepton Properties

• All leptons exist as free particles 1975

• Lepton number conservation

π

+

Lµ = 0

→

µ

+

νµ

→ −1

2000

1

mass·c2

lifetime

Lepton number

e−

511 keV

∞

Le=1

µ−

106 MeV

2.2 µs

Lµ=1

τ−

1.78 GeV

0.3 ps

Lτ=1

νe

< 2 eV

∞

Le=1

νµ