5 reports some experiments of the algorithms on the Simple Connection Protocol ..... to connect the two layers (CONcnf(-)) only if the lower layer refused the con-.
3DVVLYH7HVWLQJ $&RQVWUDLQHG,QYDULDQW&KHFNLQJ $SSURDFK %HKURX]7RUN/DGDQL%DSWLVWH$OFDOGH DQG$QD&DYDOOL
'HSDUWPHQWRI&RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI,VIDKDQ,VIDKDQ,UDQ ODGDQL#HQJXLDFLU ,QVWLWXWH1DWLRQDOGHV7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV*(7,17(YU\)UDQFH ^DQDFDYDOOLEDSWLVWHDOFDOGH`#LQWHYU\IU
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
.H\ZRUGVSDVVLYHWHVWLQJLQYDULDQWVLQYDULDQWFKHFNLQJFRQVWUDLQWVROYLQJ6&3
,QWURGXFWLRQ 7HVWLQJQHWZRUNSURWRFROLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVWRDVVXUHWKDWWKH\ZRUN DVWKHLUVSHFLILFD WLRQLVRI KLJKLPSRUWDQFH,QVWHDGRIFRQYHQWLRQDODFWLYH WHVWLQJWKHUHDUHSURSRVL
WLRQVWRXVHSDVVLYHWHVWLQJIRUQHWZRUNSURWRFROV\VWHPVZKLFKPHDQVREVHUYLQJWKH LQSXWRXWSXWEHKDYLRURIWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQLHH[HFXWLRQWUDFH ZLWKRXWLQWHUIHULQJ LWV QRUPDO EHKDYLRU >@>@ 7KH QDLYH DSSURDFK WR SDVVLYH WHVWLQJ LV WR UHFRUG WKH
H[HFXWLRQ WUDFH DQG WU\ WR ILQG LWV IDXOWV E\ FRPSDULQJ LW ZLWK WKH VSHFLILFDWLRQ >@
>@ >@ 2WKHUDSSURDFKHVWU\WRH[WUDFWWKHFULWLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKHVSHFLILFDWLRQLQ
WKHIRUPRIVRPHLQYDULDQWVDQGWKHQWU\WRREVHUYHWKHPRQWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ>@ >@
0RVWRISDVVLYHWHVWLQJPHWKRGVDUHIRFXVHGRQWKHFRQWUROSDUWVRIWKHV\VWHPXQGHUWHVW
ZLWKRXWFRQVLGHULQJWKHGDWDSDUWVVRLWLVVXIILFLHQWIRUWKHPWRXVHILQLWHVWDWHPDFKLQHV )60V DVWKHVSHFLILFDWLRQPHWKRG7RWDNHWKHGDWDSDUWRIWKHSURWRFROVLQWRDFFRXQW H[WHQGHGILQLWHVWDWHPDFKLQHV()60V DUHXVHGWRVSHFLI\WKHV\VWHP()60XVHVSD
UDPHWHUL]HGLQSXWRXWSXWVLJQDOVLQFOXGLQJYDULDEOHSDUDPHWHUVWRHQFRGHGDWDDVZHOODV SUHGLFDWHVDQGDFWLRQV WRFRQWUROWKH ILULQJRI WKHWUDQVLWLRQV E\ PDQLSXODWLQJWKHUHOH
YDQW GDWD 7KHUH DUH VRPH PHWKRGV SURSRVHG WR SHUIRUP SDVVLYH WHVWLQJ XVLQJ ()60 >@ >@ >@ 7KHVH PHWKRGV DUH EDVHG RQ H[SORULQJ FRQVWUDLQWV RI WKH YDULDEOHV DQG FRPSDULQJWKHZKROHVSHFLILFDWLRQZLWKWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQUHJDUGLQJWKHFRQVWUDLQWVLQ DEDFNZDUGRUIRUZDUGPDQQHULHWKHQDLYHDSSURDFK
,QWKLVSDSHUZHUHSUHVHQWDPHWKRGWRSHUIRUPSDVVLYHWHVWLQJEDVHGRQWKHLQYDULDQWV
RQWKH()60,QRXUDSSURDFKILUVWZHKDYHWRH[WUDFWWKHLQYDULDQWVLQWXLWLYHO\IURP WKHSURWRFROVSHFLILFDWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWVUHJDUGLQJRQO\WKHFRQWUROSRUWLRQRIWKHSUR WRFROV$IWHUWKDWWRWDNHWKHGDWDSRUWLRQLQWRDFFRXQWZHFRQVLGHUWKHLQYDULDQWSD
UDPHWHUVDVVRPHYDULDEOHV:HSUHVHQWWZRDOJRULWKPVIRUILQGLQJWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJ FRQVWUDLQWVRYHUWKHYDULDEOHVRIWKHLQYDULDQWVDXWRPDWLFDOO\7KHDOJRULWKPVXVHWKH XQLILFDWLRQPHWKRG>@IRUFKHFNLQJWKHFRUUHFWQHVVRIWKHJLYHQLQYDULDQWVRYHUWKH
()60 DQG ILQGLQJ WKH FRQVWUDLQWV RYHU LWV YDULDEOHV +DYLQJ WKH LQYDULDQWV DQG WKHLU FRUUHVSRQGLQJFRQVWUDLQWVLQKDQG ZHFDQFKHFNWKHH[HFXWLRQWUDFHZLWKWKHLQYDUL DQWVXVLQJSDWWHUQPDWFKLQJPHWKRGV
,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDW ILQGLQJVXLWDEOHFRQWUROGULYHQ LQYDULDQWVHVSHFLDOO\ ZLWKWKH
KHOSRIDQH[SHUWLVUHODWLYHO\VLPSOHDOVRWKHUHDUHVRPHPHWKRGVWRH[WUDFWDOLPLWHG VHWRILQYDULDQWVIURPDQ()60DXWRPDWLFDOO\>@:HXVHWKHQRWLRQRILQYDULDQWLQ WURGXFHGLQ>@ZLWKOLWWOHFKDQJHVLQWKHGHILQLWLRQVWRH[WUDFWWKHFRQWUROGULYHQLQ YDULDQWVLQWXLWLYHO\
7KHUHVWRIWKHSDSHULVRUJDQL]HGDVIROORZVLQVHFWLRQVRPHSUHOLPLQDU\FRQFHSWV
QHHGHGLQWKHUHVWRIWKHSDSHUDUHGHVFULEHG,QVHFWLRQWKHQRWLRQRIIRUZDUGDQG EDFNZDUG LQYDULDQWV DUH GHVFULEHG ,Q VHFWLRQ RXU DOJRULWKPV IRU FKHFNLQJ LQYDUL
DQWVRQDJLYHQ()60DQGH[WUDFWLQJFRUUHVSRQGLQJFRQVWUDLQWVDUHSUHVHQWHG6HFWLRQ
UHSRUWV VRPH H[SHULPHQWV RI WKH DOJRULWKPV RQ WKH 6LPSOH &RQQHFWLRQ 3URWRFRO
6&3 WRVKRZWKHDSSOLFDELOLW\RIWKHPHWKRGLQGHWHFWLQJVXEWOHHUURUVLQVRPHJLYHQ WUDFHVRIWKHSURWRFRO,QVHFWLRQZHFRQFOXGHWKHSDSHU
3UHOLPLQDULHV ([WHQGHG)LQLWH6WDWH0DFKLQH
:HXVH([WHQGHG)LQLWH6WDWH0DFKLQHV()60V WRVSHFLI\WKHQHWZRUNSURWRFROV
'HILQLWLRQ $Q([WHQGHG)LQLWH6WDWH0DFKLQH()60 0LVDWXSOH0 6,2[ 7V ZKHUH6LVDILQLWHVHWRIVWDWHV,DQG2DUHWKHILQLWHVHWVRILQSXWDQGRXWSXWSD
UDPHWULFV\PEROVUHVSHFWLYHO\[LVDYHFWRUGHQRWLQJDILQLWHVHWRIYDULDEOHV7LVWKH ILQLWHVHWRIWUDQVLWLRQVDQGV LVWKHLQLWLDOVWDWH
(DFKWUDQVLWLRQW 7LVDWXSOHVVLR3$ ZKHUHVV 6DUHWKHLQLWLDODQGILQDO
VWDWHV RI WKH WUDQVLWLRQ UHVSHFWLYHO\ L , R 2 DUH WKH LQSXW DQG RXWSXW V\PEROV
SRVVLEO\ZLWKSDUDPHWHUV UHVSHFWLYHO\3LVWKHSUHGLFDWHD%RROHDQH[SUHVVLRQ DQG $LVWKHVHTXHQFHRIDFWLRQV
'HILQLWLRQ /HW0 6,2[7V EHDQ()60WKHVHTXHQFHLR«LQRQ LVD
SDWK LQ0LIIRUDQ\d Md QLM ,RM 2DQGWKHUHH[LVWQWUDQVLWLRQVW «WQ 7
DQGQVWDWHVVV«VQV 6VXFKWKDWW VVLR WQ VQVLQRQ DQGIRU DQ\MQZHKDYHWM VMVMLMRM 6XEVWLWXWLRQDQGXQLILFDWLRQ
2XU DOJRULWKPV XVH WKH XQLILFDWLRQ PHWKRG VR ZH ERUURZ VRPH GHILQLWLRQV IURP WKH FRQWH[WRIORJLFSURJUDPPLQJ
'HILQLWLRQ $VXEVWLWXWLRQ T LVDVHWRIELQGLQJVHDFKRIWKHIRUP97VXFKWKDW9 LVDGLVWLQFWYDULDEOHDQG7LVDWHUPT LVFDOOHG DUHQDPLQJ LILWPDSHDFKYDULDEOHWR DQHZIUHVKYDULDEOH
$SSO\LQJDELQGLQJ97WRDQH[SUHVVLRQ(UHSODFHVHDFKIUHHRFFXUUHQFHRI9LQ( E\7$SSO\LQJDVXEVWLWXWLRQT RQDQH[SUHVVLRQ(GHQRWHGE\(T DSSOLHVDOOWKHELQG LQJVLQT WR(VLPXOWDQHRXVO\DQGLQGHSHQGHQWO\
'HILQLWLRQ/HWT ^979P7P `DQG. ^86 8Q6Q `EHVXEVWLWXWLRQV 7KHFRPSRVLWLRQ RIT DQG.GHQRWHGE\TR. LVGHILQHGDV
TR. ^9 7. 9P 7P. `8^8N 6N_8N ^9 «9P``
'HILQLWLRQ $XQLILHURIWZRVLPSOHH[SUHVVLRQV(DQG)LVDVXEVWLWXWLRQT VXFKWKDW
(T )T,IWZRVLPSOHH[SUHVVLRQVKDYHDXQLILHUWKH\DUHVDLGWREHXQLILDEOHZHDOVR VD\WKDW(LVXQLILHGZLWK)E\WKHXQLILHUT$PRVWJHQHUDOXQLILHUDEEUHYLDWHGDVPJX
RIWZRVLPSOHH[SUHVVLRQV(DQG)LVDXQLILHUT WKDWLVPRUHJHQHUDOWKDQDQ\XQLILHURI (DQG )$VDQH[DPSOHWZRH[SUHVVLRQV3;I; DQG3EID DUHQRWXQLILDEOHZKLOH WKHPRVWJHQHUDOXQLILHURIWKHH[SUHVVLRQV3;ID DQG3EI< LV^;E@6XSSRVHWKDWZHZDQWWRSDVVLYHO\WHVWDQ LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH 6&3 UHJDUGLQJ WKH IROORZLQJ SURSHUWLHV RI WKH VSHFLILFDWLRQ ZKLFKDUHGHVFULEHGXVLQJWKHLQYDULDQWV
x , %UHIXVHFRQQHFW[ !UHIXVH ^&21FQI ` PHDQVWKDW6&3IDLO WRFRQQHFWWKHWZROD\HUV&21FQI RQO\LIWKHORZHUOD\HUUHIXVHGWKHFRQ QHFWLRQWZLFHEHIRUHUHIXVHFRQQHFW[ UHIXVH x , ) &21UHT[ FRQQHFW\ ! DFFHSWZ ^ &21FQI] ` PHDQV WKDWLI6&3DFFHSWWRFRQQHFWZLWKWKHXSSHUOD\HUDWKLVUHTXHVWHG4R6&21 UHT[ FRQQHFW\ DQGWKHORZHUOD\HUDFFHSWLWDWDJLYHQ4R6WKHQDFRQQHF WLRQPXVWEHUHDOL]HGEHWZHHQWKHWZROD\HUV x , )!DFFHSW[ ^&21FQI\ ` PHDQVWKDWLIWKHORZHUOD\HUDFFHSW WKHFRQQHFWLRQDFFHSW[ WKLVFRQQHFWLRQPXVWEHUHDOL]HG&21FQI\ x , %!DFFHSW[ ^&21FQI\ ` PHDQVWKDWDFRQQHFWLRQLVUHDO L]HG&21FQI[ RQO\LIWKHORZHUOD\HUDFFHSWHGLWEHIRUHDFFHSW\
1RWHWKDW, DQG, DUHIRUZDUGLQYDULDQWVZKLOH, DQG, DUHEDFNZDUGLQYDULDQWV,QGHILQL
WLRQRIWKHDERYHLQYDULDQWVZHKDYHXVHGDFRQWUROGULYHQDSSURDFKLHLQWKLVVWDJHSD UDPHWHUVRIWKHVLJQDOVDUHQRWLPSRUWDQWVRZHKDYHXVHGVRPHYDULDEOHVLQVWHDGRIWKHP )LQGLQJLQYDULDQWFRQVWUDLQWV
1RZZHDSSO\RXUPHWKRGRQWKHLQYDULDQWVWRILQGWKHLUFRUUHVSRQGLQJFRQVWUDLQWV7DEOH VKRZVWKHWUDFHRIWKHDOJRULWKPV)RUHDFKIRUZDUGEDFNZDUG LQYDULDQWWKHYDOXHRIWKHLQ
WHUPHGLDWHIRUZDUGEDFNZDUG PDWFKHUVHWLH8LH9 DQGWKHXOWLPDWHFRQVWUDLQWVHWV&6 RYHUWKHYDULDEOHVRIWKHLQYDULDQWVKDYHEHHQVKRZQ6HHWKHDOJRULWKPVLQILJXUHVDQG &21UHTTRV
8SSHUOD\HU 121VXSSRUW5HT4RV
&21FQI)LQ4RV RU&21FQI
'DWD
5HVHW
6LPSOH&RQQHFWLRQ3URWRFRO FRQQHFW5HT4RV
DFFHSWTRV RUUHIXVH
GDWD)LQ4RV
/RZHU/D\HU
)LJ ,QWHUDFWLRQVRIWKH6&3ZLWKLWVXSSHU DQGORZHUOD\HUV
DERUW
6 7U\&RXQW 5HT4RV )LQ4RV
6 ,2UHIXVH&21FQI 37U\&RXQW $
,25HVHWDERUW 3 $
,2&21UHTTRV 121VX SSRUW5HT4RV 3&21UHTTRV! $5HT4RV &21UHTTRV
,2&21UHTTRV FRQQHFW5HT4RV 3&21UHTTRV $5HT4RV &21UHTTRV
6
,2UHIXVHFRQQHFW5HT4RV 37U\&RXQW $7U\&RXQW 7U\&RXQW
,2DFFHSWTRV &21FQI)LQ4RV 3 $)LQ4RV PLQDFFHSWTRV5HT4RV
6
,2'DWDGDWD)LQ4RV 3 $
)LJ ()60VSHFLILFDWLRQRI6&3
$SSO\LQJWKHDOJRULWKPVUHYHDOWKDWDOOWKHLQYDULDQWVDUHFRUUHFWUHJDUGLQJWKHFRQWUROSDUWRI
WKHVSHFLILFDWLRQEXWUHJDUGLQJWKHGDWDSDUWRIWKHVSHFLILFDWLRQWKHLQYDULDQWVDUHWUXHFRQGLWLRQ WRVRPHFRQVWUDLQWVZKLFKKDYHEHHQSURGXFHGE\WKHDOJRULWKPV)RULQYDULDQW,WKHUHLVQRW
DQ\FRQVWUDLQWRYHUWKHYDULDEOHRIWKHLQYDULDQWVRLWVKRXOGEHPDWFKHGE\H[HFXWLRQWUDFHV
ZLWK DQ\ YDOXH IRU WKH YDULDEOH [ )RU WKH RWKHU LQYDULDQWV RQO\ VXFK H[HFXWLRQ WUDFHV DUH PDWFKHGZLWKWKHLQYDULDQWVWKDWWKHYDOXHRIWKHLULQSXWRXWSXWSDUDPHWHUVGRHV QRWFDXVHV DQ\ FRQIOLFWZLWKWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJFRQVWUDLQWVRIWKHLQWHQGHGLQYDULDQW 3DVVLYHWHVWLQJXVLQJWKHFRQVWUDLQHGLQYDULDQWV
1RZVXSSRVHWKDWWKHIROORZLQJH[HFXWLRQWUDFHVDUHJHQHUDWHGE\DIDXOW\LPSOHPHQ WDWLRQRIWKH6&3
x 7UDFH &21UHT FRQQHFW UHIXVH&21FQI x 7UDFH &21UHT FRQQHFW DFFHSW &21FQI
7DEOH 8VLQJDOJRULWKPVWRH[WUDFWUHTXLUHGFRQVWUDLQWVIRUWKHH[DPSOHLQYDULDQWV ,QYDULDQW ,
%DFN ZDUG
,
)RU ZDUG
,
)RU ZDUG ,
%DFN ZDUG
9 T & G
8RU9
^VT&G ` ^7U\&RXQW `
8 ^VT&G ` T ^&21UHTTRV[5HT4RV\` & ^&21UHTTRV 5HT4RV &21UHTTRV` G
8 T & G 9 T & G
^VT&G ` ^DFFHSWTRV[)LQ4RV\` ^\ PLQ[5HT4RV ` ^VT&G ` ^DFFHSWTRV[)LQ4RV\` ^\ PLQ[5HT4RV `
8 RU9
&RQVWUDLQWVHW &6 &6B, &T ^7U\&RXQW `
9 ^VT&G ` T ^5HT4RV[` G ^7U\&RXQW\` & &G ^7U\&RXQW \ 7U\&RXQW` ^\ 7U\&RXQW \ 7U\&RXQW` ^7U\&RXQW ` 8 ^VT&G ` &6B, &T T TR^DFFHSWTRVZ)LQ4RV]` ^[ \ [ ] PLQZ\ ` ^&21UHTTRV[5HT4RV\ DFFHSWTRVZ)LQ4RV]` & &^&21UHTTRV PLQDFFHSWTRV5HT4RV ` G ^&21UHTTRV 5HT4RV &21UHTTRV )LQ4RV PLQDFFHSWTRV 5HT4RV ` G &6B, &T ^\ PLQ[5H T4RV ` &6B, &T ^\ PLQ[ 5H T4RV `
:HNQRZ WKDWDWUDQVLWLRQHUURUKDVEHHQRFFXUUHGLQWKHILUVWWUDFHEHFDXVHWKHVSHFL
ILFDWLRQIRUFHVWZRORRSVRQVWDWHV EHIRUHHYHQWXDOWUDQVLWLRQWRVFRUUHVSRQGLQJWR WKH WKUHH UHTXHVWV 6&3 PXVW GR EHIRUH IDLOLQJ WKH FRQQHFWLRQ ,Q WKLV WUDFH WKH FRQ
QHFWLRQLVVDLGWREHIDLOHGRQILUVWWU\)RUWKH VHFRQGWUDFHWKHUHLVDQRXWSXWHUURU
EHFDXVH WKH ILUVW ,2 FRXSOH VKRXOG EH &21UHT FRQQHFW :H FDQ LPDJLQH WKDW WKHWUDFHFRPHVIURPDQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQLQZKLFKWKHDFWLRQRQWKHWUDQVLWLRQIURPV
WRV LV5HT4RV &21UHTTRV±DQGWKHQVXFKDWUDFHLVSURGXFHG7KLVHUURUKDVIRU
FRQVHTXHQFH WR FRQQHFW WKH XSSHU DQG ORZHU OD\HUV ZLWK D 4R6 HTXDOV WR ZKHQ LW FRXOGEHQRUPDOO\ HTXDOWR
7DEOHV DQG VKRZ WKH LQYDULDQWV XVHG LQ WKH FKHFNLQJ RI WKH ILUVW DQG WKH VHFRQG
WUDFHUHVSHFWLYHO\:HWU\ WRLGHQWLI\WKHFRQVWUDLQWV ZLWKWKH YDOXHVRIWKHYDULDEOHV H[WUDFWHGIURPWKHWUDFHV
x 7UDFH 6LQFHWKHDQDO\VLVIRXQG&21FQI LQWKHWUDFHDQGIDLOHGORRNLQJIRU WKHFRXSOHUHIXVHFRQQHFW[ WKHQWKHWUDFHLVHUURQHRXVUHJDUGLQJWKHLQYDULDQW
,1RWHWKDWWKHIRXQGHUURULVFRQWUROGULYHQVRLWLVQRWQHHGHGWRORRNDWWKH FRQVWUDLQWVDWDOO x 7UDFH 7KHUHDUHWKUHHLQYDULDQWVZKLFKDUHFDQGLGDWHIRUWKLVWUDFH0DWFKLQJ WKHWUDFHZLWKWKHLQYDULDQWV VKRZVWKDWWKHUHLVQRWDQ\FRQWUROGULYHQHUURUVR ZHXVHFRQVWUDLQWVDQGWKHYDOXHRIWKHYDULDEOHVLQWKHWUDFHWRGHFLGHDERXWWKH SRVVLELOLW\RIGDWDGULYHQHUURUV &6, ^[ \ Z ] ` ^[ \ [] PLQZ\ ` ^[ \ Z ] ` ^ PLQ `
LVWUXH LVIDOVHDQG PLQ LVWUXHVRWKHLQYDULDQW, LVIDOVHRQ7UDFH &6, ^[ \ ` ^\ PLQ[5HT4RV `^[ \ ` ^ PLQ5HT4RV `
LVWKHPLQLPXPRIDQG5HT4RVRQO\LI5HT4RVLVHTXDOWRVRWKHLQYDULDQW, LV WUXHRQWKHWUDFH7UDFH LI5HT4RV
&6,^[ \ ` ^\ PLQ[5HT4RV ` ^[ \ ` ^ PLQ5HT4RV `
LVWKHPLQLPXPRIDQG5HT4RVRQO\LI5HT4RVLVHTXDOWRVRWKHLQYDULDQW, LV WUXHRQWKHWUDFH7UDFH LI5HT4RV
$VZHIRXQGDQLQFRQVLVWHQF\LQWKHFKHFNLQJRIWKHLQYDULDQW, ZLWKWKHWUDFH7UDFH
ZHFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHWUDFH7 LVIDOVH&KHFNLQJWKHRWKHULQYDULDQWVRQWKHWUDFHLVQRW QHFHVVDU\EXWILJXUHKHUHDVDQH[DPSOHRIYDULDEOHVLPSOLILFDWLRQ 7UDFH ,
7UDFH , ,
7DEOH 8VLQJLQYDULDQW, WRFKHFNWKHH[HFXWLRQWUDFH7UDFH
&21UHT 5HIXVH
FRQQHFW FRQQHFW[
5HIXVH 5HIXVH
&21FQI &21FQI
7DEOH 8VLQJLQYDULDQWV,, DQG, WRFKHFNWKHH[HFXWLRQWUDFH7UDFH
&21UHT &21UHT[
,
FRQQHFW FRQQHFW\
$FFHSW
&21FQI
$FFHSW[
&21FQI\
$FFHSWZ $FFHSW[
&21FQI]
&21FQI\
&RQFOXVLRQV 3DVVLYHWHVWLQJPHWKRGVIRUQHWZRUNSURWRFROVFDQEHFODVVLILHGLQWRQDwYHDQGLQYDUL DQW EDVHG DSSURDFKHV ,Q WKH QDwYH DSSURDFK WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ WUDFH ZKLFK LV UH
FRUGHGGXULQJ WKH H[HFXWLRQ RI WKH SURWRFRO XQGHU WHVW LV FRPSDUHG ZLWK WRWDO RI WKH
VSHFLILFDWLRQLQDIRUZDUGRUEDFNZDUGPDQQHU7KLVLVZKHUHLQWKHLQYDULDQWEDVHG DSSURDFK RQO\ FULWLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI WKH VSHFLILFDWLRQ LH LQYDULDQWV ZKLFK DUH H[
WUDFWHGE\DQH[SHUWDUHFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQWUDFH%\XVLQJLQYDULDQW EDVHGDSSURDFKQRWRQO\DORWRIH[WUDSURFHVVLQJLVUHGXFHGEXWDOVRZHFDQIRFXVRQ WKHFULWLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKHSURJUDPXQGHUWHVW
3DVVLYHWHVWLQJPHWKRGVFDQEHFRPSDUHGIURPDQRWKHUDVSHFW6RPHPHWKRGVDUHOLP
LWHGWRWHVWLQJRQO\FRQWUROGULYHQDVSHFWVRIWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQLHWKHRUGHURIRF
FXUUHQFHVRIWKHLQSXWRXWSXWVLJQDOVZKLOHRWKHU PHWKRGVDUHFDSDEOHRIWHVWLQJERWK FRQWUROGULYHQDQGGDWDGULYHQDVSHFWVRIWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQLHWKHYDOXHVRIWKHVLJ
QDO V SDUDPHWHUV )RU WHVWLQJ FRQWURO GULYHQ DVSHFWV LW LV VXIILFLHQW WR XVH )60 IRU VSHFLILFDWLRQZKLOHIRUGDWDGULYHQDVSHFWVLW LVQHHGHGWRXVH()60
,QWKLVSDSHUZHSUHVHQWHGDQHZPHWKRGIRUSDVVLYHWHVWLQJRIERWKFRQWUROGULYHQDQG GDWDGULYHQDVSHFWVRIWKH QHWZRUNSURWRFROVXVLQJDQLQYDULDQWEDVHGDSSURDFK7KH LQWHQGHG SURSHUWLHV RI WKH VSHFLILFDWLRQ DUH H[SUHVVHG XVLQJ VRPH FRQWURO GULYHQ LQ
YDULDQWVJLYHQE\DQH[SHUW$IWHUWKDWXVLQJWKHJLYHQDOJRULWKPVWKHLQYDULDQWVDUH FKHFNHG RQ WKH VSHFLILFDWLRQ RIIOLQH $OVR WR WDNH WKH GDWD GULYHQ DVSHFWV LQWR DF
FRXQWIRUWKHFRUUHFWLQYDULDQWVVRPHFRQVWUDLQWVRYHUWKHYDULDEOHVRIWKHLQYDULDQWV DUHH[WUDFWHG)RUSDVVLYHO\WHVWLQJWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQWUDFHVLWLVVXIILFLHQWWRFRP
SDUH RQOLQH WKH WUDFH ZLWK WKH LQYDULDQWV UHJDUGLQJ WKH FRQVWUDLQWV XVLQJ SDWWHUQ PDWFKLQJ$WUDFHLVFRUUHFWZKLOHLWLVPDWFKHGZLWKWKHLQYDULDQWDQGWKHLQYDULDQW V FRQVWUDLQWVDUHQRWFRQIOLFWHGUHJDUGLQJWKHYDOXHVRIWKHVLJQDO VSDUDPHWHUV
7RVKRZWKHDSSOLFDELOLW\RIWKHSUHVHQWHGPHWKRGSDVVLYHWHVWLQJRIWKH6LPSOH&RQ QHFWLRQ3URWRFRO6&3 XVLQJWKHSUHVHQWHGPHWKRGZDVLOOXVWUDWHG
5HIHUHQFHV
5/DL³$VXUYH\RIFRPPXQLFDWLRQSURWRFROWHVWLQJ´ -RXUQDORI6\VWHPVDQG6RIWZDUH '/HHDQG0