past simple, There was / There were, time expressions - Cosmic Kids

6a

to be: past simple, There was / There were, time expressions

Where were you this morning? You weren’t at home.

I was at the zoo!

Learn it! Read and complete. Affirmative

Negative full form

short form

I was here. You were there. He was happy. She Greek. It was hot. We were at home. You were sad. They were at the zoo.

I was not here. You were not there. He was not happy. She was not Greek. It was not hot. We were not at home. You were not sad. They were not at the zoo.

I wasn’t here. You weren’t there. He wasn’t happy. She wasn’t Greek. It wasn’t hot. We weren’t at home. You sad. They weren’t at the zoo.

Questions

Short answers

Was I here? Were you there? Was he happy? Was she Greek? Was it hot? Were we at home? Were you sad? Were they at the zoo?

affirmative

negative

Yes, you were. Yes, I was. Yes, he was. Yes, she was. Yes, it was. Yes, we / you Yes, we were. Yes, they were.

No, you weren’t. No, I wasn’t. No, he wasn’t. No, she wasn’t. No, it wasn’t. No, we / you weren’t. No, we weren’t. No, they weren’t.

.

➜ Ο past simple είναι ο χρόνος που μας βοηθάει να μιλήσουμε για το παρελθόν. Το ρήμα be στον past simple είναι πολύ εύκολο να το μάθεις. Στα πρόσωπα I/he/she/it γίνεται was (ήμουν, ήταν), ενώ στα πρόσωπα we/you/they γίνεται were (ήμαστε, ήσαστε, ήταν), π.χ. I was at school. My baby brothers were at the toy shop. Για να σχηματίσουμε την άρνηση προσθέτουμε τη λέξη not μετά το was ή το were.

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6a Ο σύντομος τύπος είναι wasn't και weren't, π.χ. Sue wasn't at the supermarket. The children weren't at the museum. ➜ Στην ερώτηση βάζουμε Was/Were + το πρόσωπο. Στην καταφατική σύντομη απάντηση βάζουμε Yes + πρόσωπο + was/were, π.χ. Were you at the post office? Yes, I was. Στην αρνητική σύντομη απάντηση βάζουμε No + πρόσωπο + wasn't/weren't, π.χ. Were they at home? No, they weren't.

there was, there were Affirmative

Negative

There was a match yesterday. There were a lot of people at the concert.

There wasn’t any fruit in the fridge. There weren’t many people in the shop.

Questions

Short answers

Was there a mountain on the island? Were there a lot of statues in the museum?

affirmative

negative

Yes, there was. Yes, there were.

No, there wasn’t. No, there weren’t.

➜ Το there was και το there were μας βοηθούν να πούμε τι υπήρχε σε κάποιο μέρος. Αν υπήρχε ένας μόνο άνθρωπος, ζώο ή πράγμα χρησιμοποιούμε There was, π.χ. There was a dog in the park. Αν υπήρχαν δύο ή περισσότεροι άνθρωποι, ζώα ή πράγματα χρησιμοποιούμε There were, π.χ. There were a lot of people at the bank.

Time expressions in

in January, in February, etc.

We weren’t in Paris in December.

on

on Monday, on Tuesday, etc.

There were a lot of people at the cinema on Friday.

last

last night, last week, last month, etc. I was ill last week.

ago

three days ago, a week ago, a minute ago, etc.

My dog was here a minute ago! Where did he go?

yesterday yesterday, yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, etc.

He wasn’t at the match yesterday afternoon.

➜ Μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε χρονικές εκφράσεις όπως τα in January, on Monday, on Saturday afternoon, yesterday, yesterday evening, last night, last week, last year, three days ago, two weeks ago με τον past simple για να πούμε πότε έγινε κάτι, π.χ. We were at the cinema last night. Sue and Mark were at the beach last week.

Do it! 1 Match. 1 Was John at school today?

f

a Yes, I was.

2 Was your sister at the cinema?

b Yes, it was. It was €1,000!

3 Was Shrek on television last night?

c No, they weren’t.

4 Were the children in the playground?

d No, it wasn't.

5 Was your laptop expensive?

e Yes, she was.

6 Were you at the bank this morning?

f No, he wasn’t.

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6a 2 Write was or were.

1 Your friend was here a minute ago. 2 The children at the party 3 You

6 There

very shy.

sleepy in class yesterday. Why?

4 There

a good programme on

television last night! 5 That puzzle

some actors at the theatre on

Wednesday. 7 This morning, James with his dad. 8 My sister and I

difficult.

in the toy shop at the train station

yesterday morning.

3 Choose the correct answer.

Holiday!

Sunday 5 th– Sunday 12 th

John’s house

Monday 13

th

Tuesday 14

th

Wednesday 15

Party! 9 pm

Thursday 16

In bed – ill

th

th

Friday 17th Saturday 18

th

9 am – park ball 4 pm – footema 10 pm - cin

1 a before

b ago

2 a On

b In

3 a morning

b evening

4 a ago

b last

5 a Yesterday

b Last

6 a afternoon

b noon

7 a yesterday

b last

th Sunday 19 ! David was busy this week on , he was A week 1 2 Monday, he holiday. On was at his friend’s house. ol, but Tuesday, he was at scho 3 , on Wednesday David and his friends were ys at a party. Then, three da 4 , on Thursday, 5 David was ill in bed! rk. morning, he was at the pa 6 , he was Yesterday 7 at football, and a! night, he was at the cinem

4 Write the negatives. Use short forms. 1 I was at home.

I wasn’t at home.

5 There were a lot of girls in the playground.

2 You were at school.

6 The sandwiches were nice.

3 My dad was at the post office.

7 We were cold.

4 The programme was good.

8 There was a dog on my towel!


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6a 5 Write was, were, wasn’t or weren’t. Mark: There 1 was

Sam: Really? 2

a great party at Eva’s house on Saturday. there a lot of people?

Mark: Yes, there were 20 or 30 people. And of course, Eva 3 Sam: And

Mark: No, they 5 Sam:

. They 6

at the cinema.

there food?

7

Mark: No, there

there with her sisters.

Eva’s parents there?

4

8

, but there was music. It was fantastic!

6 Write questions. Use the past simple of be. 4 (there / children / in / park)

1 (the boy / in front of / the house / yesterday)

Was the boy in front of the house yesterday? 2 (you / at / the post office / this morning)

5 (there / a car / in / the car park)

3 (your mum / at / the bank / three days ago)

6 (Ellie and Alex / on / their bikes / there)

7 Write the answers. Then ask and answer with a friend. 1 Were the children at the hospital?

4 Was Natalie at the train station?

No, they weren’t. They were at the train station. 2 Was Anthony at the supermarket?

5 Were Jim and Tom at the café?

3 Were Mr Jones and Steven in the school?

6 Was the dog in the cinema?

8 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences or questions. 1 night / at / home / wasn’t / I / last

5 children / three / class / the / in / were / There

I wasn’t at home last night. 2 ago / was / a / here / My / phone / minute

6 Monday / was / late / for / school / Jane / on

3 December / test / in / Was / the ?

7 was / night / There / party / last / a

4 you / at school / morning / yesterday / Were ?

8 there / on / yesterday / television / Was / football ?

Time to talk! 9 Ask and answer questions. Use the past simple and time expressions. a lot of people your friend your brother(s) / sister(s) / cousin(s) / uncle(s) /aunt(s) / parents music food drinks dancing games

your (birthday) party the supermarket school the museum the café

Were your cousins at your birthday party last night?

Was there music? No, there wasn’t.

Yes, they were.


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6b

can and can’t for ability and permission Stop! The shop assistant says I can play the piano.

You can play the piano but you can't play the piano. What do you mean? You've got permission, but you haven't got the ability!

Learn it! Read and complete. Affirmative

Negative

I can run fast. You can go to the party. He can swim very well. She can have some chocolate. It can close its eyes. We can play a game. You can sing. They can come in now.

full form

short form

I cannot run fast. You cannot go to the party. He cannot swim very well. She cannot have any chocolate. It cannot close its eyes. We cannot play a game.

I can't run fast. You can't go to the party. He can't swim very well. She can't have any chocolate. It can't close its eyes. We play a game. You can't sing. They can't come in now.

You cannot sing. They cannot come in now. Questions Can I run fast? Can you go to the party? Can he swim very well? Can she have some chocolate? Can it close its eyes? Can we play a game? Can you sing? Can they come in now?

Short answers affirmative

negative

Yes, you can. Yes, I can. Yes, he can. Yes, she can. Yes, it can. Yes, we / you can. Yes, we . Yes, they can.

No, you can’t. No, I can’t. No, he can’t. No, she can’t. No, it can’t. No, we / you can’t. No, we can’t. No, they can’t.

B e ca re fu l! Cannot is one word, not two.


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6b ➜ Το ρήμα can (μπορώ) στα Αγγλικά μας βοηθά να μιλήσουμε για αυτά που μπορούμε να κάνουμε ή για να δώσουμε την άδεια σε κάποιον να κάνει κάτι. Είναι πολύ εύκολο να το μάθεις. ➜ Χρησιμοποιούμε πρόσωπο + can + το ρήμα για κατάφαση. Το ρήμα παραμένει ίδιο σε όλα τα πρόσωπα, π.χ. Jonathan can ride a horse. (ικανότητα) You can have a picnic in the park. (άδεια) ➜ Η άρνηση είναι cannot, είναι όμως πιο συνηθισμένο να χρησιμοποιούμε το σύντομο τύπο can't, π.χ. I can't drive. (δεν έχω την ικανότητα) You can't go swimming today. (δεν έχεις την άδεια) ➜ Για να ρωτήσουμε αν κάποιος μπορεί να κάνει κάτι ή για να ζητήσουμε την άδεια κάποιου βάζουμε Can + το πρόσωπο + το ρήμα. ➜ Στην καταφατική σύντομη απάντηση χρησιμοποιούμε Yes + πρόσωπο + can, π.χ. Can William play the piano? Yes, he can. (ικανότητα) Στην αρνητική σύντομη απάντηση χρησιμοποιούμε No + πρόσωπο + can't, π.χ. Can the children go fishing in the river? No, they can't. (άδεια)

Do it! 1 Write A (for ability) or P (for permission). 1 Can you help me? A

5 The teacher says we can take photos for this project.

2 Can you swim? 3 Mum says we can go out tonight.

6 My mum can’t drive.

4 Can your brother play football well?

7 No, you can't take my mp3 player.

2 Write can or can’t.

1 It’s dark in here. I can’t

4 Please

see.

2 Karen is from France. Of course she

my friends? 5

speak French! 3 I

homework.

1 I’ve got a cold. Can I go home?

I read your comic?

6 I

go out tonight – I’ve got lots of

3 Match.

I go out and play football with

understand this question.

Can you help?

f

a No, they can’t.

2 I don’t know the answer.

b No, he can’t.

3 I can make spaghetti.

d Yes, I can.

4 Can you help me with this question?

c I can’t!

5 Can your brother drive a car?

e I can tell you!

6 Can the children play football?

f Yes, you can.

All about you! 4 Complete the sentences about what you can and can’t do. Ability 1 I can play football 2 I can 3 I can’t 4 I can’t

. . . .

Permission 5 I can go to the cinema on Saturday 6 I can 7 I can’t 8 I can’t

. . . .


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6b

must and mustn’t for obligation

Learn it! Read and complete. Affirmative I must go home now. You must do your homework. He must be quiet. She must eat her carrots. It must sleep in its cage. We must listen to the teacher. You must clean your teeth. They must have a bath.

Negative full form

short form

I must not leave rubbish here. You must not shout in class. He must not get up late. She must not ride her bike. It must not eat chocolate. We must not run in the street. You must not write on the desk. They must not break their toys.

I mustn't leave rubbish here. You mustn't shout in class. He mustn't get up late. She ride her bike. It mustn't eat chocolate. We mustn't run in the street. You mustn't write on the desk. They mustn't break their toys.

Questions Must I go home now? Must you do your homework? Must he be quiet? Must she eat her carrots? Must it sleep in its cage? Must we listen to the teacher? Must you clean your teeth? Must they have a bath? ➜ Το ρήμα must (πρέπει) μας βοηθά να μιλήσουμε για αυτά που είμαστε υποχρεωμένοι να κάνουμε και για κανόνες (rules). ➜ Χρησιμοποιούμε πρόσωπο + must + το ρήμα για κατάφαση. Το ρήμα παραμένει ίδιο σε όλα τα πρόσωπα, π.χ. I must clean my teeth every day. She must put the rubbish in the bin. ➜ Για να σχηματίσουμε την άρνηση προσθέτουμε not μετά το must. Ο σύντομος τύπος mustn't είναι πιο συνηθισμένος, π.χ. You mustn't swim after lunch. We mustn't play football in class. ➜ Για να σχηματίσουμε την ερώτηση χρησιμοποιούμε Must + πρόσωπο + το ρήμα. ➜ Η καταφατική σύντομη απάντηση είναι Yes + πρόσωπο + must, π.χ. Must I do my homework now? Yes, you must. Η αρνητική σύντομη απάντηση είναι No + πρόσωπο + mustn't.

Do it! 1 Circle the correct words. 1 You must / mustn’t run in the school. 2 You must / mustn’t be late for school in the morning. 3 You must / mustn’t do your homework carefully at home. 4 You must / mustn’t play games in the lesson. 5 You must / mustn’t wear clean clothes to school. 6 You must / mustn’t listen to your teacher.

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6b 2 Complete. Use must or mustn’t and these words. pick

put

break

listen

eat

shut

3 You

gates after you.

4 You

food in the classroom.

1 Students must listen carefully to their teacher.

5 People

2 Υou

6 You

flowers.

rubbish in the bin. my new laptop!

3 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 4 stop / You / at / must / light / the / red

1 desk / write / the / on / mustn’t / You

You mustn’t write on the desk. 2 parents / We / nice / be / to / must / our

5 street / mustn’t / We / in / the / cycle

3 on / party / Sunday / miss / mustn’t / We / the

6 do / homework / my / I / must / now

4 Write Andy's rules at home. Use I + must or mustn’t. 1 do homework after school ✓

5 play on the balcony ✗

I must do my homework after school. 2 listen to Mum and Dad ✓

6 get up late for school ✗

3 give food to the animals ✓

7 break my baby brother’s toys ✗

4 have a shower every day ✓

8 leave the doors and windows open ✗

Time to talk! 5 Ask and answer. can / can’t (ability)

can / can’t (permission)

ride (a bike / a horse) drive make (dinner / a fire, etc.) speak (English, etc.) swim

go out (on my bike / with my friend, etc.) watch television go to (a party / the supermarket, etc.) listen to music have (a sandwich / glass of water, etc. )

Can you ride a bike? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

Can I go out with my friend? Yes, you can. But you must be careful / you mustn’t be late. No, you can’t. You must finish your homework first.


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6c

Adverbs of manner This is great! I drive brilliantly!

No, Sid. You drive quickly and very dangerously.

Learn it! Read and complete. quiet → quietly careful →

She talks quietly. He drives carefully.

horrible → horribly I never speak horribly to people. happy → happily hungry →

The kids are playing happily together. The cat is looking hungrily at the food.

➜ Να και κάτι που θα μας βοηθήσει να εμπλουτίσουμε το λόγο μας ακόμα περισσότερο. Χρησιμοποιούμε adverbs of manner (τροπικά επιρρήματα) για να περιγράψουμε τον τρόπο με τον οποίο κάνουμε κάτι, π.χ. I can run quickly. Μπαίνουν μετά από το ρήμα και είναι πολύ εύκολο να μάθεις να τα φτιάχνεις. ➜ Για να σχηματίσουμε τα περισσότερα επιρρήματα απλώς προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη -ly στο επίθετο, π.χ. slow – slowly. ➜ Υπάρχουν κάποια επιρρήματα των οποίων η ορθογραφία αλλάζει. Οι παρακάτω κανόνες θα σε βοηθήσουν να τα μάθεις εύκολα. • Όταν το επίθετο τελειώνει σε -y, αφαιρούμε το -y και προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη -ily, π.χ. The children are singing happily. • Οταν το επίθετο τελειώνει σε -le, αφαιρούμε το -le και προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη -ly, π.χ. That man is speaking horribly to the children.

Do it! 1 Find eight adverbs. Then complete the table. -ly

-ily

1 dangerous dangerously 2 quiet 3 quick 4 amazing

5 noisy 6 hungry 7 busy 8 happy


noisily

D C F N O I S I L Y U

A R G B U T I L Y S H

N O A O H P Q I L Y U

G L M U A A U S B B N

E L A R P R I A U O G

R O Z L P Y E L S L R

O A I Y I L T L I L I

U N N P L I L Y L Y L

S T G O Y L Y D Y S Y

L L L D T A A N P E L

Y Y Y L Q U I C K L Y

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6c 2 Write the words.

1 Please don’t drive dangerously through our town. S L Y R O A D G E N U at the sweets! G R I L H U N Y

2 Benny is looking

. YICKLUQ

3 Finish this exercise

. LYIQUET

4 The thief came in

to her children. B L I Y H O R R

5 That woman speaks

? W O S L LY

6 I don’t understand – can you speak

3 Match. 1 He always speaks nicely

e

a quietly in class.

2 The children are writing quickly because

b dangerously and very quickly.

3 She eats healthily and

c noisily! Please close your mouth!

4 Simon always sits

d she never has sweets.

5 Tom drives

e to his teacher.

6 Don’t eat so

f there isn't much time.

4 Complete. Use adverbs.

Here we are in the school playground. That’s Danny with a cake. He’s eating 1 quickly . You can see Helen there. I don’t think she’s hungry because she’s eating very 2 ! 3 That’s Paul on his bike. He’s riding in the playground. 4 That’s why Dina is looking at him. Thomas isn’t talking to the other children – he’s just playing 5 with 6 his cars. Regina and Helen are talking and Lydia 7 is dancing .

Time to talk!

Person

5 Make sentences. Take turns. Alex rides his bike quickly. My mum sings amazingly.

Verb

ride do Alex make Ellie talk My mum swim My dad My brother walk listen My sister read You sing I write We look

quick slow dangerous angry happy busy beautiful

Adverb quietly hungrily quickly horribly amazingly brilliantly noisily dangerously busily slowly strangely happily


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