Patterns in the nervous and muscle systems in lower ...

2 downloads 2 Views 372KB Size Report
dida) (Johnstone et al., 1995). Thereafter the incubations were rinsed 3x5 min in PBS-T, followed by consecutive incubations with TRITC- or FITC-labelled ...
%HOJ-=RRO 6XSSOHPHQW 

$SULO

3DWWHUQVLQWKHQHUYRXVDQGPXVFOHV\VWHPV LQORZHU IODWZRUPV 0DULD5HXWHU 2OJD,5DLNRYD  DQG0DUJDUHWKD.6*XVWDIVVRQ   'HSDUWPHQWRI%LRORJ\cER$NDGHPL8QLYHUVLW\),1cER)LQODQG  =RRORJLFDO,QVWLWXWH5XVVLDQ$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHV6W3HWHUVEXUJ5XVVLD

$%675$&7,QRUGHUWRWHVWWKHPRQRSK\O\RIWKH3ODWKHOPLQWKHVDQGWKHSK\ORJHQHWLFUHODWLRQVKLSVRI$FRHOD DQG1HPHUWRGHUPDWLGDVWXGLHVRQWKHQHXURDQDWRP\RIWKHVHJURXSVZHUHSHUIRUPHGXVLQJDQWLVHURWRQLQ  +7 DQGDQWL)05)UHODWHGSHSWLGHV )D53V LPPXQRF\WRFKHPLVWU\7KH&DWHQXOLGD5KDEGLWRSKRUDVHHPWR EHPRQRSK\OHWLF)RXUV\QDSRPRUSKLHVDUHSURSRVHGIRUWKHVHWD[D7KHSUHVHQFHRIDELOREHGEUDLQVKRZ LQJ+7DQG)D53 LPPXQRUHDFWLYLW\DGLVWLQFWQHXURSLOHVKRZLQJ+7 DQG)D53 LPPXQRUHDFWLYLW\ WZRPDLQQHUYHFRUGV 0&¶V DOLJQHGE\+7LPPXQRUHDFWLYH ,5 PDUNHUQHXURQHV)D53LPPXQRUHDF WLYLW\LQWKHVWRPDWRJDVWULFQHUYRXVV\VWHP 16 1RV\QDSRPRUSKLHVZHUHGHWHFWHGEHWZHHQ$FRHODDQGRWKHU 3ODWKHOPLQWKHV7KH,5SDWWHUQVRI$FRHODDUHFKDUDFWHULVHGE\7KHSUHVHQFHRID+7,5FRPPLVVXUDO EUDLQ7KHSUHVHQFHRIFOXVWHUVRI)D53,5FHOOVQRWLQWHJUDWHGLQWRDEUDLQRIWKHIODWZRUPW\SH7KH DEVHQFHRIDUHJXODURUWKRJRQ7KHDEVHQFHRIVHURWRQLQHUJLFPDUNHUQHXURQHVDORQJWKHPDLQQHUYHFRUGV 0&¶V 7KHDEVHQFHRIDVWRPDWRJDVWULF)D53 SRVLWLYHQHUYRXVV\VWHP 16 1RVXSSRUWZDVREWDLQHGIRU D WD[RQ $FRHORPRUSKD 2XU GDWD DUH FRPSDWLEOH ZLWK WKH K\SRWKHVLV WKDW ERWK WKH $FRHOD DQG WKH 1HPHUWRGHUPDWLGDGRQRWEHORQJWRWKH3ODWKHOPLQWKHV .(< :25'6 QHXURQVPXVFOHVSK\ORJHQ\3ODW\KHOPLQWKHV

,1752'8&7,21 ,QWKHSDSHU³,VWKH7XUEHOODULDSRO\SK\OHWLF"´60,7+ HW DO  ZHUHWKHILUVWWRTXHVWLRQWKHPRQRSK\O\RIWKH 3ODWKHOPLQWKHV7KH\SRLQWHGRXWWKDWQRV\QDSRPRUSKLHV ZHUHDFWXDOO\NQRZQEHWZHHQ&DWHQXOLGD$FRHORPRUSKD DQG5KDEGLWRSKRUD7KHTXHVWLRQRIWKHPRQRSK\O\RIWKH 3ODWKHOPLQWKHV VWLOO UHPDLQV RSHQ 7KH 3ODWKHOPLQWKHV DQGSDUWLFXODUO\WKH$FRHODKDYHEHHQLQIRFXVLQUHFHQW PROHFXODU VWXGLHV VHH 5 8,=75,//2 HW DO   /,77/(:22' HW DO  %(51(< HW DO  7UDGLWLR QDOO\ WKH 1HPHUWRGHUPDWLGD DQG WKH $FRHOD KDYH EHHQ FODVVLILHG DV VLVWHU JURXSV ZLWKLQ WKH $FRHORPRUSKD (+/(56   ,Q UHFHQW PROHFXODU LQYHVWLJDWLRQV WKLV SRVLWLRQKDVEHHQTXHVWLRQHG ,Q WKH GLVFXVVLRQ RI WKH SK\ORJHQHWLF SRVLWLRQ WKH RUJDQLVDWLRQRIWKHQHUYRXVV\VWHP 16 KDVEHHQXVHGDV RQH RI WKH GLVFULPLQDWLQJ FULWHULD VHH 5(87(5 HW DO   7KH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI LPPXQRF\WRFKHPLFDO ,&& WHFKQLTXHV KDV SURYHQ UHOLDEOH IRU VWXGLHV RI IODWZRUP QHXURDQDWRP\ VHH 5(87(5  *867$)6621  

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU 05HXWHUHPDLO PUHXWHU#UDDERIL

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qV  &DWHQXOLGD  ZHUH FROOHFWHG IURP D VWRFN FXOWXUH PDLQ



0DULD5HXWHU2OJD, 5DLNRYDDQG0DUJDUHWKD.6*XVWDIVVRQ

WDLQHGLQFRQWDLQHUVZLWKWDSZDWHU0DFURVWRPXPOLQ HDUH 0OOHU  0DFURVWRPLGD  ZHUH FROOHFWHG IURP EUDFNLVKZDWHUDW6WRUWHUYR3DUJDV 6: )LQODQG WKH $FRHOD $QDSHUXV ELDFXOHDWXV %RJXWD  &KLOGLD JURHQODQGLFD/HYLQVHQ ZHUHFROOHFWHGLQWKHYLFLQ LW\ RI WKH :KLWH 6HD %LRORJLFDO VWDWLRQ DW &DSH .DUWHVK 5XVVLD  )DHUOHD JORPHUDWD :HVWEODG  DQG 3DUDSKDQRVWRPXP FUDVVXP :HVWEODG  IURP WKH YLFLQLW\RI.ULVWLQHEHUJ%LRORJLFDOVWDWLRQ :HVWFRDVWRI 6ZHGHQ DQGVSHFLPHQVRI$YDJLQDLQFROD /HLSHU ZHUH REWDLQHG IURP WKH JXW RI WKH VHD XUFKLQ 6SDWDQJXV SXUSXUHXV 2) 0OOHU  LQ WKH YLFLQLW\ RI %HUJHQ 1RUZD\   WKH 1HPHUWRGHUPDWLGD  1HPHUWRGHUPD ZHVWEODGL6WHLQERFNZHUHFROOHFWHGLQWKHYLFLQLW\ RI .ULVWLQHEHUJ 0DULQH 5HVHDUFK 6WDWLRQ :HVW FRDVW RI 6ZHGHQ  DQG 0HDUD VWLFKRSL :HVWEODG  REWDLQHG IURP WKH LQWHVWLQH RI WKH KRORWKXULDQ 6WLFKRSXV WUHPXOXV *XQQHUXVDW5DXQHIMRUGQHDU%HUJHQ 1RUZD\  ,PPXQRF\WRFKHPLVWU\ )RUGHWDLOVRIWKHPHWKRGVHH.5(6+&+(1.2 HWDO DQG5(87(5 HWDO 7KH VSHFLPHQV ZHUH IL[HG LQ 6WHIDQLQL¶V IL[DWLYH  SDUDIRUPDOGHK\GHDQGSLFULFDFLGLQ01DSKRV SKDWHEXIIHU DWS+VWRUHGIRUVHYHUDOZHHNVLQIL[DWLYH DW ƒ& DQG ULQVHG IRU K LQ  0 1DSKRVSKDWH EXIIHU S+   FRQWDLQLQJ  VXFURVH 7KH ZRUPV ZHUH HLWKHU KDQGOHG DV ZKROH PRXQWV RQ SRO\/O\VLQH FRDWHG JODVV VOLGHV RU HPEHGGHG LQ 7LVVXH 7HF DQG VHF WLRQHG DW µP RQ D %ULJKW FU\RVWDW ,PPXQRVWDLQLQJ ZDV SHUIRUPHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH LQGLUHFW LPPXQRIOXRUHV FHQFHPHWKRG7KHFRQFHQWUDWLRQVIRUWKHSULPDU\DQWLERG LHV ZHUH  ,QFXEDWLRQV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG IRU K HLWKHU ZLWK D PL[WXUH RI JRDW DQWL+7 ,1&67$5  DQG UDEELWDQWL)05) ,1&67$5 RUZLWKDPL[WXUHRIUDEELW DQWL+7 ,1&67$5  DQG JXLQHD SLJ DQWLVHUXP DJDLQVW WKHQDWLYHIODWZRUPQHXURSHSWLGH*