PENGELOLAAN PERKEBUNAN KAKAO RAKYAT BERKELANJUTAN. MELALUI
PROGRAM ORGANIK BERBASIS MASYARAKAT. DI SERUKEI ACEH UTARA.
PENGELOLAAN PERKEBUNAN KAKAO RAKYAT BERKELANJUTAN MELALUI PROGRAM ORGANIK BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI SERUKEI ACEH UTARA
ABSTRAK
Adanya kesadaran akan akibat yang ditimbulkan dampak penggunaan bahan kimia dalam pertanian, perhatian masyarakat dunia perlahan mulai bergeser ke pertanian yang berwawasan lingkungan. Dewasa ini masyarakat sangat peduli terhadap alam dan kesehatan, maka munculah teknologi alternatif lain, yang dikenal dengan “pertanian organik”, “usahatani organik”, “pertanian alami”, atau ”pertanian berkelanjutan masukan rendah”. Meskipun pertanian organik ini masih sedikit diusahakan, akan tetapi pertumbuhannya sangat penting di dalam sektor pertanian. Permintaan akan produk-produk organik merupakan peluang dunia usaha baru, baik untuk tujuan ekspor maupun kebutuhan domestik. Umumnya, ekspor produk organik biasanya dijual 20% lebih tinggi dari produk pertanian non-organik. Keuntungan pokok pertanian organik sangat bervariasi, dalam beberapa kajian ekonomi menyatakan bahwa pertanian organik memiliki akses nyata terhadap prospek jangka panjang. Gampong Seureuke Kecamatan Langkahan Kabupaten Aceh Utara pada tahun 2008 telah mendapatkan sertifikat pertanian organik produksi kakao dari Institute for Marketecology (IMO) Jerman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan kesuburan makro tanah dan makrofauna tanah pada perkebunan kakao yang dikelola secara organik dan anorganik kemudian juga untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan pendapatan petani yang mengelola perkebunan kakao secara organik dan anorganik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode uji laboratorium dan uji statistik. Untuk data primer yang berupa sampel tanah diuji di laboratorium tanah untuk mendapatkan hasil makro tanah dan laboratorium taksonomi hewan untuk mendapatkan hasil makrofauna tanah. Untuk data pendapatan diuji dengan uji statistik (uji t). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa unsur hara makro tanah (N, P K dan pH) perkebunan kakao yang dikelola secara organik lebih baik daripada anorganik. Makrofauna tanah perkebunan kakao yang dikelola secara organik lebih banyak daripada anorganik. Pendapatan petani perkebunan kakao yang dikelola secara organik lebih besar daripada anorganik.
Kata Kunci: Pertanian Organik, Kesuburan Tanah, Makrofauna, Pendapatan, Kakao.
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SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF COCOA PLANTATIONS THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIC PROGRAM IN NORTHERN ACEH SERUKEI
ABSTRACT
An awareness impact of chemical use in agriculture, the world community's attention slowly begin to shift to environmentally friendly agriculture. Today the community is very concern to the nature and health, then comes the other alternative technology, known as "organic farming", "organic farming", "natural farming", or "low-input sustainable agriculture". Although organic farming is still a little cultivated, but that growing very important in the agricultural sector. The demand for organic products is a world of new business opportunities, both for export and domestic needs. Generally, the export of organic products are usually sold 20% higher than non-organic agricultural products. Main advantages of organic farming vary widely, in some economic studies that organic agriculture has real access to long-term prospects. Gampong Seureuke Langkahan District of North Aceh district in 2008 has been certified organic cocoa production from the Institute for Marketecology (IMO) of Germany. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there are differences in soil fertility and makrofauna soil macro on cocoa plantations are managed in an organic and anorganic and also to find out whether there are differences in the incomes of farmers who manage the cocoa plantations in organic and anorganic. The research was conducted using a laboratory test methods and statistical tests. For the primary data in the form of laboratory tested soil samples ground to get the macro soil taxonomy and laboratory animals to get results makrofauna ground. For income data were tested by statistical tests (t test). The results of these studies show that soil macro nutrients (N, P, K and pH) cocoa plantations that are managed organically is better than anorganic. Makrofauna cocoa plantation land managed organically more than anorganic. Income of cocoa farmers who farm organically managed more than anorganic.
Keywords: Organic Farming, Soil Fertility, Makrofauna, Revenue, Cocoa.
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