1. Perencanaan dan Pengelolaan. Pembangunan Industri Pariwisata. Pesisir
dan Bahari. Berwawasan Lingkungan. Ani Mardiastuti. Fakultas Kehutanan IPB.
Perencanaan dan Pengelolaan Pembangunan Industri Pariwisata Pesisir dan Bahari Berwawasan Lingkungan
Ani Mardiastuti Fakultas Kehutanan IPB
TOURISM It comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity renumerated from within the place visited (World Tourism Organization)
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MARINE & COASTAL RESOURCES FOR TOURISM
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Sea Sand
Safety
Marine and Coastal environment
Scenery
Science Sports
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What do we need in tourism? • natural resources • created facilities: lodging, restaurants, other facilities • infrastructure • transportation • tour service: tour operator, tour package • tour attraction • hospitality • development of tourist destination: planning, research
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Ten Criteria for Potensial Sites: Opportunity for wildlife sighting Rare/new wildlife species found Flora diversity Richness of fauna Ecosystem uniqueness Rare/new plant species found Uniqueness of physical attributes Landscapes/seascapes uniqueness Marine resources and environment Cultural and historical uniqueness
Galapagos
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Why environmental friendly? • Humans activities have certain impacts on the ecosystem • Ecological principles: “everything is interconnected with everything else” • Ecosystem inertia • Ecosystem resilience
Step 5 DEVELOP A MARKETING PLAN: MARKETING MIX Step 6 MONITOR AND EVALUATE
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THE LIMIT OF ACCEPTABLE CHANGE (LAC) PLANNING SYSTEM (from Prosser,1986)
Step 1 Identify area concern & issues
Step 9 Implement actions & monitor conditions
Step 8 Evaluation & selection of an alternative
Step 2 Define & describe Opportunity classes
Step 7 Identify MGMT actions for each alternative
Step 3 Select indicators of resource & social conditions
Step 6 Identify alternative opportunity class allocation
Step 4 Inventory resource & social conditions
Step 5 Specify standards for resource & social indicators
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Some Strategies and Tactics For Managing Resource Impacts or Visitor Crowding and Conflicts Reduce use of the entire area Reduce use of problem areas Modify the location of use within problem areas Modify the timing of use IV. Modify type of use and visitor V. behavior Modify visitors expectations VI. VII. Increase the resistance of the resources VIII. Maintain or rehabilitate the resources I. II. III.
I. • • • • • •
Reduce Use of The Entire Area Limit number of visitors in the entire area Limit length of stay in the entire area Encourage use of other areas Require certain skills and/or equipment Charge a flat visitor fee Make access more difficult throughout the entire area
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• II.
Reduce use of Problem Areas
• Inform potential visitors of the disadvantages of problem areas and/or advantages of alternative areas • Discourage or prohibit use of problem areas • Limit number of visitors in problem areas • Encourage or require a length -of-stay limit in problem areas • Make access to problem areas more difficult and/or improve access to alternative areas • Eliminate facilities/attractions in problem areas and/or improve facilities/attractions in alternative areas • Encourage off-trail travel • Charge differential visitor fees
• III. Modify the location of use within problem areas • Discourage or prohibit camping and/or stock use on certain campsites and/or locations • Encourage or permit camping and/or stock use only on certain campsites and/or locations • Locate facilities on durable sites • Concentrate use on sites through facility design and/or information • Discourage or prohibit off -trail travel • Segregate different types of visitors
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IV. Modify the timing of use • Encourage use outside of peak use periods • Discourage or prohibit use when impact potential is high • Charge fees during periods of high use and/or high-impact potential
V. Modify type of use and visitor behavior • Discourage or prohibit particularly damaging practices and/or equipment • Encourage or require certain behavior, skills and/or equipment • Teach a wilderness ethic • Encourage or require a party size and/or stock limit • Discourage or prohibit livestock • Discourage or prohibit pets • Discourage or prohibit overnight use
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VI. Modify visitors expectations • Inform visitors about appropriate uses • Inform visitors about conditions they may encounter
VII. Increase the resistance of the resources • Shield the site from impact • Strengthen the site
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VIII. Maintain or rehabilitate the resources • Remove problems • Maintain or rehabilitate impacted locations
