IET Renewable Power Generation Research Article
Performance evaluation of floating solar chimney power plant in Iran: estimation of technology progression and cost investigation
ISSN 1752-1416 Received on 1st December 2016 Revised 7th July 2017 Accepted on 4th August 2017 E-First on 12th September 2017 doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0963 www.ietdl.org
Mohammad Javad Maghrebi1 , Reza Masoudi Nejad1 1Faculty
of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran E-mail:
[email protected]
Abstract: High direct solar radiation and the vast desert areas in Iran are the main factors to the attraction in using solar technologies such as floating solar chimney power plant (FSCPP) for electrical and thermal productions of energy. This article studies the performance of floating solar chimney technology for manufacturing purpose. In order to find the best area for the FSCPP, 14 different areas across the country are considered. The results revealed that FSCPP can produce 5–200 MW of electrical energy. Then a study was performed according to the return of finance rate, net price value, and finance return period criterions. The results showed that these power plants are able to be built in large scales of 100 and 200 MW of electricity with the annual capacity of 311 and 641 GW, respectively. However, a comparison between the cost analysis of two tested models shows that the 200 MW power plant with the cost of 14,273.64 Rials is more beneficial.
1 Introduction Iran has enormous potentials for raised utilisation of renewable energy sources, which could build a lot of economic benefits for Iran. In fact, Iran is an exporter of fossil energy; for each unit of fossil energy stored domestically. Iran can gain higher revenues through fossil energy sales on the international markets. The Iranian industrial could also benefit from progression of renewable energy, and the national income can be raised considerable by an active exploitation in the country. Solar radiation energy can be converted to electrical energy by means of solar chimney power plants (SCPPs). The SCPP uses the air density difference between the warm collector air and the environment air. Then there will be an air flow that moves the turbine and produce electricity. A wide range of solar technologies are being used all over the world to produce clean energy. In recent years, an innovative technology named as solar chimney is introduced to the world that converts solar energy to electrical one using complicated heat transfer process [1]. SCPP which is also named as solar tower power plant consists of three main parts: solar collectors, the central chimney, and turbines which are mounted in the basement of the chimney [2]. In fact, solar tower is a chimney with natural air suction that uses solar radiation to flow the collector's inlet air through top of the chimney; consequently, such air flow spines the turbine blades and energy converts from thermal to electrical form and electricity generates. The idea of solar chimney was first presented by Schlaich in 1970 that made up of simple construction manual and even the developing countries are able to manufacture and use it. However, economical studies in this field have been started since 1983. Haff et al. [3] studied the relationship between physical laws and construction costs; they concluded that energy production is possible economically for power plants that are designed in large scale and >400 MW/pk. Schlaich et al. [4] estimated the cost of power plants that their collector roofs were made up of plastic and checked the costs for different energy capacities. Aurelio and Bernardes [5] computed the 100 MW power plant costs that their collector roofs were made up of glass. Papageorgiou [6] estimated the cost of different parts of the floating solar chimney power plant (FSCPP) with no consideration of additional revenue. He developed an approximate cost model that made it possible to achieve dimensions of an optimised power plant for different cost IET Renew. Power Gener., 2017, Vol. 11 Iss. 13, pp. 1659-1666 © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2017
structures. Thermal and economic analysis of the optimised power plant was carried out using software simulation and the results were compared with the approximate cost of each power plant. Von Backström and Fluri [7] revealed that previous economic models cannot be able to show the real importance of categorised primary cost and electricity cost of an SCPP. They also showed that carbon credits can effectively decrease levelised electricity cost of each power plant. Their study was conducted by considering glass roof for collector instead of plastic one. Zhou et al. [1] computed the cost of potential electricity of FSCPPs placed in north-west deserts of China which are surrounded by high mountains without any additional revenue and by considering carbon credits. In addition, they estimated this cost with consideration of additional revenue and using carbon credits in 2008 [1]. Pasumarthi and Sherif [8, 9] developed a mathematical model to investigate the effect of different parameters on the air temperature, air velocity, and power of the solar chimney. Padki and Sherif [10] performed a research on the effect of geometrical parameters on the performance of the chimney. The performance of an SCPP was evaluated through a numerical investigation for a practical case study and the results were compared with an analytical model by Tingzhen et al.[11]. Pastohr et al. [12] modelled all parts of the power plant numerically using computational fluid dynamics and increased the efficiency of the system. Many studies also have been carried out on the effect of pressure drop at the turbine, and geometrical and optical properties of collector on the performance of the solar chimney [13–20]. In this paper, the performance of the FSCPP is studied for 14 different areas in Iran in order to design and manufacture the first FSCPP in this country. Then, an economic analysis is performed for the FSCPP which is placed in desert areas with high solar radiation and for different output powers.
2 Floating solar chimney power plant Solar chimney is a newborn technology in recent decades for electricity production and consists of three parts: solar collector, chimney, and turbines. Solar radiation increases the temperature of the air below the collector and causes a gradient in temperature and consequently density gradient. The chimney causes the air to move upward and air suction will be produced which is the reason for the spin of turbine blades. Solar chimney technology is applicable in 1659
Fig. 12 Cash flows of 200 MW power plant
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IET Renew. Power Gener., 2017, Vol. 11 Iss. 13, pp. 1659-1666 © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2017
