Performance simulation of a smallYscale heliostat CSP system: case ...

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 367 – 372

7KHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$SSOLHG(QHUJ\±,&$(

3HUIRUPDQFHVLPXODWLRQRIDVPDOOVFDOHKHOLRVWDW&63 V\VWHPFDVHVWXGLHVLQ,WDO\ 0DVVLPLOLDQR5HQ]L D/RUHQ]R(JLGLE/XFD&LRFFRODQWLF*DEULHOH&RPRGLE  b

a Libera Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, Bolzano, BZ - 39100, Italy. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 1, Ancona, AN - 60131, Italy. c Università Telematica e-Campus, Via Isimbardi 10, Novedrate, CO - 22060, Italy.

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© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 6HOHFWLRQDQGRUSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI,&$( Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 8th International Conference on Applied Energy.



Keywords:VRODUFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRODUWKHUPDOSRZHUKHOLRVWDWVFRQFHQWUDWRU&63VLPXODWLRQDQDO\VLVGRPHVWLFKRWZDWHU SURGXFWLRQKRXVHKROGDSSOLFDWLRQV

,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KH&RQFHQWUDWHG6RODU3RZHU&63 WHFKQRORJ\DLPVDWFRQFHQWUDWLQJVXQOLJKWIURPDODUJHDUHDRQWR DVPDOODUHDXVLQJRSWLFDOGHYLFHVOLNHOHQVHVRUPLUURUV7KHFRQFHQWUDWHGVXQOLJKWLVFROOHFWHGXVLQJDVRODU 

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ E-mail address:PDVVLPLOLDQRUHQ]L#XQLE]LW

1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 8th International Conference on Applied Energy. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.327

368

Massimiliano Renzi et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 367 – 372

UHFHLYHUDQGFRQYHUWHGLQWRHOHFWULFDORUWKHUPDOSRZHUGHSHQGLQJRQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQV 7KH&63LVRQHRIWKHYLDEOHRSWLRQVDPRQJUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\WHFKQRORJ\>@EHFDXVHLWLVFRQVLGHUHGD YDOXDEOH DOWHUQDWLYH WR VXEVWLWXWH SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ IURP IRVVLOIXHOHG SODQWV WKDQNV WR LWV ORZHU HQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWORZHUFDUERQGLR[LGHDQGSROOXWLRQHPLVVLRQV>@ &RQVLGHULQJWKDWDERXWKDOIRIWRWDOZRUOGILQDOHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQLQZHQWWRSURYLGLQJKHDWIRU EXLOGLQJV DQG LQGXVWULHV VRODU WKHUPDO SRZHU KDV D KXJH SRWHQWLDO LQ FXUELQJ IRVVLO IXHO HQHUJ\ FRQVXPSWLRQVIRUKHDWLQJSXUSRVHV%DVHGRQWHPSHUDWXUHOHYHODQGSODQWVFDOHWKHUHDUHIRXUPDLQDYDLODEOH &63WHFKQRORJLHV3DUDEROLF7URXJK&ROOHFWRU37& 6RODU3RZHU7RZHU637 /LQHDU)UHVQHO5HIOHFWRU /)5 DQG3DUDEROLF'LVK6\VWHP3'6 >@3DUDEROLFWURXJKLVVRIDUWKHPRVWPDWXUHWHFKQRORJ\DQG PRUHWKDQRILQVWDOOHG&63SODQWVDUHEXLOWXSRQWKLVWHFKQRORJ\6RODUWRZHUWHFKQRORJ\LVWKHVHFRQG PRVWPDWXUHGWHFKQRORJ\DQGUHSUHVHQWVWKHDOWHUQDWLYHWR37&>@)UHVQHOOHQVSURYHVWREHDSURPLVLQJ VROXWLRQDVVRODUFRQFHQWUDWRULQPHGLXPDQGKRWWHPSHUDWXUHWKHUPDODSSOLFDWLRQVGXHWRLWVSRWHQWLDOWR RYHUFRPHWHFKQRFRPPHUFLDOFRQVWUDLQWVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKFRQYHQWLRQDOUHIOHFWRUEDVHG&63>@ 1RZDGD\V&63SODQWVDUHLQPRVWFDVHVODUJHVFDOHVRODUIDUPVKDYLQJDWRWDOWKHUPDOSRZHUUDQJLQJ IURPWR0:>@+RZHYHUDQLQFUHDVLQJLQWHUHVWH[LVWVLQPHGLXPDQGVPDOOVFDOHSODQWVGXHWR WKHLU KLJKHU IOH[LELOLW\ DQG ORZHU FDSLWDO FRVWV )RU H[DPSOH 5DZOLQV DQG $VKFURIW >@ LQYHVWLJDWHG WKH SRWHQWLDORIVPDOO&63V\VWHPVLQHPHUJLQJFRXQWULHVVXFKDVWKH0(1$5HJLRQ6RXWK$IULFD&HQWUDODQG 6RXWK$PHULFDZKLOH&RFFLDHWDO>@GHVLJQHGDQGWHVWHGDVPDOOVFDOH3&7IRULQGXVWULDOSURFHVVKHDW $WSUHVHQWWKHDGRSWLRQRI&63WHFKQRORJLHVLQKRXVHKROGVLVYHU\OLPLWHG ,Q WKLV SDSHU WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI D VPDOO &63 XQLW IRU UHVLGHQWLDO DSSOLFDWLRQV DUH DQDO\]HG XVLQJ DQ DQDO\WLFDOVLPXODWLRQPRGHOEDVHGRQUD\WUDFLQJDOJRULWKPV7KHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHVPDOO&63XQLWDUH FDOFXODWHGIRUWKUHHGLIIHUHQW,WDOLDQFLWLHV*KHGL5RPDDQG%DUL,QSDUWLFXODUWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHXQLW DUHFDOFXODWHGFRQVLGHULQJWKHLUUDGLDQFHERWKRIWKHVRODUUDGLDWLRQGDWD6R'D >@LQDQGWKHPHDQ \HDUGDWDRIWKH0HWHRQRUPGDWDEDVH  &63FRQFHSWGHVLJQ $Q H[WHQG H[SHULPHQWDO ILHOG WHVW SKDVH DOORZV WR SURSHUO\ XQGHUVWDQG WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI D V\VWHP +RZHYHUWHVWFDPSDLJQLVXVXDOO\YHU\H[SHQVLYHDQGWLPHFRQVXPLQJ2QWKHFRQWUDU\DQDQDO\WLFDOPRGHO SHUPLWVWRH[FHHGWKHOLPLWVRIWKHH[SHULPHQWDODQDO\VLVDQGVXSSRUWWKHGHVLJQRIDV\VWHP7KHUHIRUH DQDO\WLFDO PRGHOV FDQ EH DQ DGHTXDWH PHWKRG WR HYDOXDWH WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI VPDOOVFDOH &63 V\VWHP FRQVLGHULQJWKHLUKLJKPRGXODULW\DQGIOH[LELOLW\ 7ZRKHOLRVWDWFRQFHQWUDWRUSURWRW\SHVZHUHGHVLJQHGWKHILUVWSURWRW\SHFRQVLVWHGRIIODWPLUURUVIRU DWRWDODUHDRIP>@ZKLOHWKHRWKHUKDVIODWPLUURUVIRUDWRWDOUHIOHFWLQJDUHDRIP>@$IWHU WKHWHVWFDPSDLJQDQGWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHUHVXOWVDUHHQJLQHHULQJRIWKHSURWRW\SHKDVEHHQFDUULHGRXWLQ RUGHU WR LPSURYH WKH SHUIRUPDQFH IRU UHVLGHQWLDO DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ SDUWLFXODU IRU GRPHVWLF KRW ZDWHU SURGXFWLRQDQGVSDFHKHDWLQJEXWDOVRLQGXVWULDODSSOLFDWLRQV1XPHULFDODQDO\VLVKDVEHHQFDUULHGRXWWR GHILQH WKH VL]H DQG JHRPHWU\ RI WKH SODQW DQG LWV RSWLPDO FRQILJXUDWLRQ 7DEOH   7KH ILQDO FRQFHSW FRQILJXUDWLRQ LV D  N:W &63 SODQW FRPSRVHG RI  KH[DJRQDO IODW PLUURUV DV UHSRUWHG LQ )LJXUH  ,Q SDUWLFXODU WKH KHOLRVWDWV DUH SODFHG RYHU D ULJLG IUDPH FRQVLVWLQJ RI  VWHHO FROXPQV 7KLV VWUXFWXUH LV PRXQWHGRQDFKDVVLVZLWKDQLQFOLQDWLRQRIƒUHVSHFWWRWKHJURXQG7KHGLVWDQFHVEHWZHHQWKHFHQWUDO SRLQWVRIWZRDGMDFHQWKHOLRVWDWVDUHPPDQGPPZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHVDPHFROXPQDQGWKHVDPH URZ7KHVLGHVRIWKHKH[DJRQDOPLUURUVDUHPPORQJDQGWKHWRWDOUHIOHFWLQJVXUIDFHDUHDLVHTXDOWR P7KHKH[DJRQDOVKDSHZDVDGRSWHGWRDFKLHYHEHWWHUSDFNLQJRIWKHKHOLRVWDWVDQGUHGXFHGEORFNLQJ DQGVKDGRZLQJHIIHFWV7KHWUDFNLQJV\VWHPLVDQD]LPXWKHOHYDWLRQPHFKDQLVPWKHUHIRUHHDFKKHOLRVWDWV LV PRYHG LQGHSHQGHQWO\ E\ D FRXSOH RI VWHSSHU PRWRUV 7KH ILUVW PRWRU LV XVHG WR WUDFN WKH D]LPXWKDO

369

Massimiliano Renzi et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 367 – 372

PRYHPHQWRIWKHVXQWKHVHFRQGWRWUDFNWKHHOHYDWLRQDSSDUHQWPRWLRQRIWKHVXQ7KHD]LPXWKPRWRUVKDIW LVPRXQWHGSHUSHQGLFXODUWRWKHPLUURU¶VSODQHZKLOHWKH]HQLWKPRWRUVKDIWKDVLWVD[LVRIPRWLRQSDUDOOHO WRWKHJURXQG7KHUHFHLYHULVSODFHGRYHUWKHPLUURUV¶SODQHSDUDOOHOWRWKHVRLOLQDSRVLWLRQWRJUDQWYHU\ JRRGRSWLFDOSHUIRUPDQFH 7DEOH&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKH&63FRQFHSW 3DUDPHWHU

4XDQWLW\

9DOXH

0LUURUV¶DUHD

P



5HIOHFWLYHPLUURUV





'LPHQVLRQ

:î'î+>P@

îî

&RQFHQWUDWLRQUDWLR

VXQV

$ERXW







D  E  )LJD 6PDOOVL]HGKH[DJRQDOKHOLRVWDWSODQWDQGE KHOLRVWDWVGLVWULEXWLRQSODQYLHZ  

7KHQXPHULFDOPRGHO 7KH QXPHULFDO PRGHO XVHG IRU WKH VLPXODWLRQ DQDO\VLV ZDV GHYHORSHG E\ VRPH RI WKH DXWKRUV DQG LW FRQVLVWVRIDUD\WUDFLQJWRROIRUKHOLRVWDWFRQFHQWUDWLRQSODQWVLWKDVEHHQGHVFULEHGLQGHWDLOE\5HQ]LHW DO>@IRUD&63SODQWFRQVLVWLQJRIKHOLRVWDWV,QGHSHQGHQWO\RIWKHQXPEHURIWKHPLUURUVWKHIRFXVLQJ KHOLRVWDWFRQFHQWUDWRUFDQEHPRGHOHGDVFRQVLVWLQJQîPPLUURUVZKRVHSRVLWLRQFDQEHLQGH[HGDVLM  ZKHUHLDQGMLQGLFDWHWKHPLUURUORFDWHGLQWKHLWKURZDQGWKHMWKFROXPQRIWKHFRQFHQWUDWRUVHH)LJXUH E  ,Q RUGHU WR FDOFXODWH WKH VXQOLJKW¶V UHIOHFWLRQ E\ HDFK KHOLRVWDW WKH IROORZLQJ SDUDPHWHUV PXVW EH NQRZQWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKHVXQWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKHPLUURUDQGRIWKHUHFHLYHURQD&DUWHVLDQUHIHUHQFHV\VWHP 7KH IRUPHU ZDV REWDLQHG XVLQJ WKH 0LFKDOVN\¶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șLM DQG WKH WUDFNLQJD]LPXWKDQJOHĮLM7RFDOFXODWHWKHHIIHFWLYHDPRXQWRIDFWLYHUHIOHFWLQJVXUIDFHLQFLGHQWRQWKH UHFHLYHUZLWKDUHDVRQDEO\KLJKUHVROXWLRQHDFKWLOWHGPLUURUZDVGLYLGHGLQWRDPDWUL[RIVTXDUHV6NOHDFK FPLQVL]H7KHVRODUUDGLDWLRQFRQYH\HGE\WKHUHIOHFWLQJVTXDUHDUHDLVRQO\FRXQWHGLIWKHUHIOHFWHG EHDPKLWVWKHDUHDRIWKHUHFHLYHU%RWKFRVLQHHIIHFWDQGVL]DEOHWUDFNLQJHUURUVDUDQGRPGLVWULEXWLRQHUURU ZDV DGRSWHG ZLWK D PRGH RI “ƒ PUDG  KDYH EHHQ WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW LQ RUGHU WR HYDOXDWH WKH

370

Massimiliano Renzi et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 367 – 372

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ƒ&DQGDPDVVIORZUDWHHTXDOWRNJVKDYHEHHQFRQVLGHUHG LQGHSHQGHQWO\IURPWKHWHVWORFDWLRQ7KHPDVVIORZUDWHFRUUHVSRQGVWRWZLFHWKHDPRXQWRIWKHPDVVIORZ UDWHRIWKH&63SURWRW\SHXQLWFRPSRVHGRIKHOLRVWDWVDQGH[SHULPHQWDOO\WHVWHGE\VRPHRIWKHDXWKRUV >@,QDGGLWLRQWKHRXWOHWIOXLGWHPSHUDWXUHVKDYHEHHQFDOFXODWHGZLWKYDU\LQJPDVVIORZUDWHLQWKHUDQJH RI “ RI WKH QRPLQDO YDOXH 7DEOH  UHSRUWV WKH UHVXOWV RI WKH QXPHULFDO DQDO\VLV LQ WHUPV RI XVHIXO WKHUPDOHQHUJ\IRUHDFKPRQWKRIWKH\HDULQWKHWKUHHGLIIHUHQWORFDWLRQV 7DEOH0RQWKO\FROOHFWHGWKHUPDOHQHUJ\>N:K@IRU*KHGL5RPDDQG%DUL 

-DQ

)HE

0DU

$SU

0D\

-XQ

-XO

$XJ

6HS

2FW

1RY

'HF

7RWDO

*KHGL



























6R'D 



























0HDQ \HDU



























'LII



























5RPD



























6R'D 



























0HDQ \HDU



























'LII



























%DUL



























6R'D 



























0HDQ \HDU



























'LII



























 5HVXOWVVKRZWKDWWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKH&63XQLWXVLQJPHDQ\HDULUUDGLDQFHGDWDDUHDOPRVWVLPLODUWR WKRVHXVLQJVLQJOH\HDULUUDGLDQFHGDWD,QGHHGWDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQW5RPDDQG%DULWKHGLIIHUHQFHRIWKH

Massimiliano Renzi et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 367 – 372

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ƒ&LQWKHWKUHH GLIIHUHQWORFDWLRQVXVLQJWKHPHDQ\HDUGDWDIURP0HWHRQRUP

D 

E F 

)LJ)OXLGRXWOHWWHPSHUDWXUHVVWDUWLQJIURPƒ&DQGWKHLUKRXUVRIRFFXUUHQFHD *KHGLE 5RPDDQGF %DUL

$VH[SHFWHGWKHKLJKHVWIOXLGRXWOHWWHPSHUDWXUHHTXDOWRƒ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ƒ&FDQEHDFKLHYHGDQGRIWKHDQQXDORSHUDWLQJKRXUVLQ5RPDDQG%DULZLWKPDVVIORZ UDWHLQWKHUDQJH.JV2QWKHFRQWUDU\LQ*KHGLWKHVDPHUHVXOWFDQEHDFKLHYHGIRURQO\ RIWKHDQQXDORSHUDWLQJKRXUV)XUWKHUPRUHLQ*KHGLDIOXLGRXWOHWWHPSHUDWXUHHTXDOWRƒ&LVDFKLHYHG LQRIWKHDQQXDOPD[LPXPWKHRUHWLFDORSHUDWLQJKRXUV$VUHJDUGVWKHWKHUPDOHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQLQ %DULDQG5RPHLWLVSRVVLEOHWRFROOHFWN:KDQGN:KUHVSHFWLYHO\ZKLFKLVDFRQVLVWHQWDPRXQW RIHQHUJ\WKDWFDQEHXVHGIRUUHVLGHQWLDODQGRWKHUFLYLODSSOLFDWLRQVOLNHGRPHVWLFKRWZDWHUSURGXFWLRQ VSDFHKHDWLQJSRROV¶KHDWLQJDQGLQGXVWULDOSURFHVVHV,Q*KHGLWKHFROOHFWHGHQHUJ\LVUHGXFHGWR N:KWKXVFRQILUPLQJWKHOLPLWHGSRWHQWLDORIFRQFHQWUDWHGVRODUSRZHUV\VWHPVDWKLJKODWLWXGHV ,QSUDFWLFDODSSOLFDWLRQVWKLV&63V\VWHPVLVDEOHWRVXSSO\DWHPSHUDWXUHULVHLQWKHFDUULHUIOXLGRI DERXWƒ&ZLWKUHODWLYHO\KLJKIOXLGRXWOHWWHPSHUDWXUHVXSWRƒ& WKDQNVWRWKHXVHRIFORVH ORRSK\GUDXOLFFLUFXLWVDQGVWRUDJHWDQNV &RQFOXVLRQ 7KLVSDSHULQYHVWLJDWHVWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIDVPDOOVFDOHKHOLRVWDW&63XQLWIRUUHVLGHQWLDODSSOLFDWLRQV E\PHDQVRIDQDQDO\WLFDOVLPXODWLRQ7KHUHVXOWVRIWKHVLPXODWLRQDQDO\VLVVKRZWKDWWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRI

371

372

Massimiliano Renzi et al. / Energy Procedia 105 (2017) 367 – 372

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ƒ&FDQEHSURGXFHGIRUDERXWRI WKH DQQXDO PD[LPXP WKHRUHWLFDO RSHUDWLQJ KRXUV 2Q WKH FRQWUDU\ LQ WKH FDVH RI *KHGL IOXLG RXWOHW WHPSHUDWXUHVKLJKHUWKDQƒ&RFFXUIRURQO\RIWKHDQQXDOPD[LPXPWKHRUHWLFDORSHUDWLQJKRXUV$V UHJDUGVWKHWKHUPDOHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQLQ5RPHDQG%DULWKHSURSRVHG&63V\VWHPFDQFROOHFWRYHU N:KDQGN:KUHVSHFWLYHO\ZKLFKLVDFRQVLVWHQWDPRXQWRIHQHUJ\WKDWFDQEHXVHGIRUUHVLGHQWLDO DQG FLYLO DSSOLFDWLRQV ,Q *KHGL RQO\  N:K DUH FROOHFWHG WKXV FRQILUPLQJ WKH OLPLWHG SRWHQWLDO RI FRQFHQWUDWHGVRODUSRZHUV\VWHPVDWKLJKODWLWXGHVLQ,WDO\ 5HIHUHQFHV >@,QWHUQDWLRQDO(QHUJ\$JHQF\,($ (QHUJ\7HFKQRORJ\3HUVSHFWLYHV >@,QWHUQDWLRQDO(QHUJ\$JHQF\7HFKQRORJ\5RDGPDS6RODU7KHUPDO(OHFWULFLW\S >@'%DUOHY59LGXDQG36WURHYH,QQRYDWLRQLQFRQFHQWUDWHGVRODUSRZHU6RO(QHUJ\0DWHU6RO&HOOVYROQRSS ± >@+/=KDQJ-%DH\HQV-'HJUqYHDQG*&DFqUHV&RQFHQWUDWHGVRODUSRZHUSODQWV5HYLHZDQGGHVLJQPHWKRGRORJ\ 5HQHZ6XVWDLQ(QHUJ\5HYYROSS± >@9.XPDU5/6KULYDVWDYDDQG638QWDZDOH)UHVQHOOHQVௗ$SURPLVLQJDOWHUQDWLYHRIUHIOHFWRUVLQFRQFHQWUDWHGVRODU SRZHU5HQHZDEOHDQG6XVWDLQDEOH(QHUJ\5HYLHZVYROSS± >@'9DOOHQWLQ39LHEDKQ(FRQRPLFRSSRUWXQLWLHVUHVXOWLQJIURPDJOREDOGHSOR\PHQWRIFRQFHQWUDWHGVRODUSRZHU&63  WHFKQRORJLHVWKHH[DPSOHRI*HUPDQWHFKQRORJ\SURYLGHUV(QHUJ\3ROLF\YROSS±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± 6RODU(QHUJ\ YROSS

%LRJUDSK\RIWKHSUHVHQWLQJDXWKRU 0DVVLPLOLDQR 5HQ]L UHFHLYHG KLV 3K' LQ (QHUJ\ LQ  DW SUHVHQW KH LV DVVLVWDQW SURIHVVRULQIOXLGPDFKLQHVDWWKH)DFXOW\RI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\)UHH8QLYHUVLW\RI %RO]DQR,WDO\+LVUHVHDUFKGLUHFWLRQLQFOXGHVIOXLGPDFKLQHVFRJHQHUDWLRQV\VWHPVERWK WUDGLWLRQDODQGIHGE\DOWHUQDWLYHIXHOVDQGFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRODUHQHUJ\&39DQG&63