ISSN: 0256 - 307 X
中国物理快报
Chinese Physics Letters
Volume 32 Number 6 June 2015
A Series Journal of the Chinese Physical Society Distributed by IOP Publishing Online: http://iopscience.iop.org/0256-307X http://cpl.iphy.ac.cn
C HINE S E P H Y S I C A L S O C I E T Y
CHIN. PHYS. LETT. Vol. 32, No. 6 (2015) 063303
Photon Statistical Properties of Single Terrylene Molecules in P-Terphenyl Crystals * HAN Bai-Ping(韩百萍)1** , ZHENG Yu-Jun(郑雨军)2 , HU Feng(胡峰)1 , FAN Qiu-Bo(樊秋波)1 1
College of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou 221008 2 School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100
(Received 11 January 2015) We consider the photon emission statistical properties of a single molecule under pump-probe field driving, using the generating function method. The first- and second-order moments of statistical quantities are presented. Derived from the first-order moment, the line shapes are in good agreement with the experimental results. Derived from the second-order moment, Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters show an obvious quantum effect of photon statistical distribution, i.e., the anti-bunching effect.
PACS: 33.80.−b, 82.37.−j, 05.10.Gg, 42.50.Ar
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/32/6/063303
The single molecule technology has been one of the important tools in the research of physics, biology, chemistry and so on. The single molecule spectroscopy is an important experimental technology on condensed phase systems in multiple areas.[1−7] The dynamical behaviors of single molecules and their environment information can be reflected by photon emission from the single molecules. By analyzing the information taken with the emitted photon from single molecules, some information of the environment, such as the dynamical process in the condensed matter and the nano-environment feature, can be extracted. Based on the single molecule technique, it will help us to more deeply understand some problems experimentally and theoretically via investigating the nature of photon counting statistics of single molecules.[8−13] The photon counting statistics for emission from single molecules has been employed to investigate properties of single-molecular systems, such as low temperature glass, pump-probe detuning, and the natures of different stochastic processes.[9−11,13−16] The optical observation of single molecules was carried out in low and room temperatures,[17−22] including spectrum diffusion, energy transfer between donor and receptor, single molecule spread in gel and so on. Also, single molecule techniques under pumpprobe excition are employed to study different topics.[13,23−27] For example, the optical amplification of a two-level atomic system, ac-stark effect and nonlinear optical response, single molecule fluorescence properties, coherent optical spectroscopy of quantum dot, pump-probe spectroscopy and so on. On the theoretical framework, several theoretical methods, e.g., the Master equation method, the quantum jumping method, the Wiener–Khintchine method, the Levywalk method and the generating function approach, were developed.[28−32] The generating function approach can catch the bunching and anti-bunching effects of single molecules and high moments of emitted photons etc. Recently, this theoretical framework was employed to investigate the coherent spectrum of sin-
gle quantum dots,[33−36] dynamics of single molecule random gates[37,38] and so on. we also studied a single molecule system in different environments[14,39−45] using this theoretical approach. In this Letter, we consider a single terrylene molecule in p-terphenyl crystals at superfluid helium temperature and the single molecule system in this case can be supposed as a two-level system.[24] We study the photon emission statistical properties of the single terrylene molecule under the pump-probe field using the generating function approach. Based on this assumption, the time-dependent Hamiltonian of the single terrylene molecule, excited by a pump-probe field,[9] can be written as ℋ(𝑡) = ~𝜔𝑔 |𝑔⟩⟨𝑔| + ~𝜔𝑒 |𝑒⟩⟨𝑒| − 𝜇𝑒𝑔 · 𝐸(𝑡)(|𝑔⟩⟨𝑒| + |𝑒⟩⟨𝑔|),
(1)
where |𝑒⟩ and |𝑔⟩ are the excited state and the ground state of the single molecule, respectively, and 𝜇𝑒𝑔 is the electronic transition dipole. The pump-probe field can be expressed as[46] 𝐸(𝑡) = 𝜉1 cos(𝜔p 𝑡) + 𝜉2 cos[(𝜔p + 𝛿𝜔)𝑡] = 𝜉1 (𝑡) cos(𝜔p 𝑡) − 𝜉2 (𝑡) sin(𝜔p 𝑡),
(2)
where 𝜉1 and 𝜉2 are the amplitudes of pump field and probe field, respectively, 𝜉1 (𝑡) = [𝜉1 + 𝜉2 cos((𝛿𝜔)𝑡)], and 𝜉2 (𝑡) = [𝜉2 sin((𝛿𝜔)𝑡)]. The pump frequency is 𝜔p , the transition frequency of the single terrylene molecule is 𝜔0 = 𝜔𝑒 − 𝜔𝑔 . The detuning frequency is 𝛿 = 𝜔p − 𝜔0 . The frequency difference between the pump and probe fields is 𝛿𝜔. We define Ω1 (𝑡) = − 𝜇𝑔𝑒 · 𝜉1 (𝑡)/~ = Ω1 + Ω2 cos[(𝛿𝜔)𝑡], Ω2 (𝑡) = − 𝜇𝑔𝑒 · 𝜉2 (𝑡)/~ = Ω2 sin[(𝛿𝜔)𝑡], (3) where Ω1 = −𝜇𝑔𝑒 · 𝜉1 /~ and Ω2 = −𝜇𝑔𝑒 · 𝜉2 /~ are the Rabi frequencies of pump and probe fields, respectively.
* Supported by the Project of Xuzhou Institute of Technology under Grant No XKY2014309, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11304266 and 11447149. ** Corresponding author. Email:
[email protected] © 2015 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd
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The time evolution of the system is described by the Liouville–Von Neumann equation[2,47] 𝜕𝜌 𝑖 = − [𝐻, 𝜌], 𝜕𝑡 ~
(4)
or, the time evolution of the density matrix elements 𝜌𝑒𝑒 (𝑡), 𝜌𝑔𝑔 (𝑡), 𝜌𝑔𝑒 (𝑡) and 𝜌𝑒𝑔 (𝑡)[14] can be clearly written as 𝜌˙ 𝑒𝑒 = 𝑖[Ω1 (𝑡) cos(𝜔p 𝑡) − Ω2 (𝑡) sin(𝜔p 𝑡)] · (𝜌𝑒𝑔 − 𝜌𝑔𝑒 ) − Γ 𝜌𝑒𝑒 , 𝜌˙ 𝑔𝑔 = − 𝑖[Ω1 (𝑡) cos(𝜔p 𝑡) − Ω2 (𝑡) sin(𝜔p 𝑡)] · (𝜌𝑒𝑔 − 𝜌𝑔𝑒 ) + Γ 𝜌𝑒𝑒 , 𝜌˙ 𝑔𝑒 = 𝑖𝜔0 𝜌𝑔𝑒 − 𝑖[Ω1 (𝑡) cos(𝜔p 𝑡) − Ω2 (𝑡) sin(𝜔p 𝑡)] Γ · (𝜌𝑒𝑒 − 𝜌𝑔𝑔 ) − 𝜌𝑔𝑒 , 2 𝜌˙ 𝑒𝑔 = − 𝑖𝜔0 𝜌𝑒𝑔 + 𝑖[Ω1 (𝑡) cos(𝜔p 𝑡) Γ − Ω2 (𝑡) sin(𝜔p 𝑡)](𝜌𝑒𝑒 − 𝜌𝑔𝑔 ) − 𝜌𝑒𝑔 , (5) 2 which can be rewritten as 𝜎(𝑡) ˙ = ℒ0 (𝑡)𝜎(𝑡) + ℒ1 (𝑡)𝜎(𝑡) in the Liouville space, where ℒ0 (𝑡) and ℒ1 (𝑡) are the Liouville superoperators, and 𝜎(𝑡) = (𝜌𝑒𝑒 (𝑡), 𝜌𝑔𝑔 (𝑡), 𝜌𝑔𝑒 (𝑡), 𝜌𝑒𝑔 (𝑡))† . Within the optical Bloch frame, the process of spontaneous photon emission is incoherent and we can resolve the density operator into the manner 𝜎(𝑡) = 𝜎 (0) (𝑡) + 𝜎 (1) (𝑡) + 𝜎 (2) (𝑡) + . . .. Here 𝜎 (𝑛) (𝑡) is the part of the density matrix corresponding to 𝑛 photons emitted. The time evolution of the elements of 𝜎 (𝑛) (𝑡) can be expressed as differential equations similar to Eq. (5). Conveniently, we can define the generating functions[9] as 𝒢𝑒𝑒 (𝑠, 𝑡) ≡ 𝒢𝑔𝑒 (𝑠, 𝑡) ≡
∞ ∑︁ 𝑛=0 ∞ ∑︁ 𝑛=0
(𝑛) 𝜎𝑒𝑒 (𝑡)𝑠𝑛 , 𝒢𝑔𝑔 (𝑠, 𝑡) ≡
(𝑛) 𝜎𝑔𝑒 (𝑡)𝑠𝑛 , 𝒢𝑒𝑔 (𝑠, 𝑡) ≡
∞ ∑︁
𝜕 𝒴(𝑠, 𝑡)|𝑠=1 , 𝜕𝑠 𝜕 𝜕2 ⟨𝑁 2 ⟩(𝑡) = 2 2 𝒴(𝑠, 𝑡)|𝑠=1 + 2 𝒴(𝑠, 𝑡)|𝑠=1 , 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑠 ⟨𝑁 (𝑚) ⟩(𝑡) = ⟨𝑁 (𝑁 − 1) . . . (𝑁 − 𝑚 + 1)⟩(𝑡) 𝜕𝑚 = 2 𝑚 ⟨𝒴(𝑠, 𝑡)⟩|𝑠=1 . (10) 𝜕𝑠 ⟨𝑁 ⟩(𝑡) = 2
The line is given by the Fourier transform of the dipole ∫︀ ∞ correlation function: ⟨𝐼(𝜔L )⟩ ∝ −∞ 𝑑𝑡 exp[−𝑖(𝜔L − ∫︀ 𝑡 𝜔0 )𝑡 − Γ 𝑡/2]⟨exp{𝑖 0 𝜔[𝑅(𝑡′ )]𝑑𝑡′ }⟩.[48] The absorption line shape observed in an ensemble measurement is an average over the random Hamiltonian line=⟨𝐼(𝜔L )⟩. Correspondingly, the line shape 𝐼(𝜔𝐿 ) (the normalized average photon number) can be obtained, 𝜕⟨𝑁 ⟩(𝑡) , 𝑡→∞ 𝜕𝑡
I (𝜔𝐿 ) = lim
(𝑛) 𝜎𝑒𝑔 (𝑡)𝑠𝑛 , (6) 𝑛=0
where 𝑠 is the counting variable. For convenience, we introduce the generalized Bloch vectors 𝒰(𝑠, 𝑡), 𝒱(𝑠, 𝑡), 𝒲(𝑠, 𝑡), and 𝒴(𝑠, 𝑡)[9] as 1 𝒰(𝑠, 𝑡) ≡ (𝒢𝑔𝑒 𝑒−𝑖𝜔L 𝑡 + 𝒢𝑒𝑔 𝑒𝑖𝜔L 𝑡 ), 2 1 𝒱(𝑠, 𝑡) ≡ (𝒢𝑔𝑒 𝑒−𝑖𝜔L 𝑡 − 𝒢𝑒𝑔 𝑒𝑖𝜔L 𝑡 ), 2𝑖 1 𝒲(𝑠, 𝑡) ≡ (𝒢𝑒𝑒 − 𝒢𝑔𝑔 ), 2 1 𝒴(𝑠, 𝑡) ≡ (𝒢𝑒𝑒 + 𝒢𝑔𝑔 ). 2
(7)
Under the rotating wave approximation (RWA) of the pump field, from Eqs. (5) and (7), the evolution equations of the generating function can be written as (8)
(11)
Mandel’s parameter 𝑄[48] can be obtained via
(𝑛) 𝜎𝑔𝑔 (𝑡)𝑠𝑛 ,
𝑛=0 ∞ ∑︁
𝜕Y(𝑠, 𝑡) = M(𝑠, 𝑡)Y(𝑠, 𝑡), 𝜕𝑡
where Y(𝑠, 𝑡) = (𝒰(𝑠, 𝑡), 𝒱(𝑠, 𝑡), 𝒲(𝑠, 𝑡), 𝒴(𝑠, 𝑡))† . The coefficient matrix is ⎛ ⎞ − Γ2 𝛿p Ω2 (𝑡) 0 ⎜ 0 ⎟ −𝛿p − Γ2 −Ω1 (𝑡) ⎟, M(𝑠, 𝑡) = ⎜ ⎝ − 1 Ω2 (𝑡)(1 + 𝑠) f1 −Γ −Γ ⎠ 2 0 0 − 12 Ω2 (𝑡)(1 − 𝑠) f2 (9) where f1 = Ω1 + 21 Ω2 (1 + 𝑠) cos[(𝛿𝜔)𝑡], f2 = 12 Ω2 (1 − 𝑠) cos[(𝛿𝜔)𝑡], and the detuning frequency is 𝛿p = 𝜔p − 𝜔0 . It is convenient to extract the emitted photon moments of the single molecule system. For example, the first-, second- and 𝑚th-order moments[14] are
Q=
⟨𝑁 2 ⟩(𝑡) − ⟨𝑁 ⟩2 (𝑡) − 1. ⟨𝑁 ⟩(𝑡)
(12)
Mandel’s parameter 𝑄 shows the emission photon statistical fluctuation. Here 𝑄 > 0 and 𝑄 < 0 are corresponding to the bunching and anti-bunching effects of photon statistical distribution, respectively, and 𝑄 = −1 is the complete anti-bunching effect. For the stationary process, there is a simple relation between 𝑔 (2) (𝜏 ) and Mandel’s parameter 𝑄: 𝑄(𝑇 ) = ∫︀ 𝑇 ∫︀ 𝑡 2⟨𝐼⟩𝑇 −1 0 𝑑𝑡1 0 1 𝑑𝑡2 𝑔 (2) (𝑡2 ) − ⟨𝐼⟩𝑇 .[48] The probability of emission 𝑛 photons in time interval [0, 𝑡][14] is given as 2 𝜕𝑛 𝑃𝑛 (𝑡) = ⟨𝒴(𝑠, 𝑡)⟩|𝑠=0 . (13) 𝑛! 𝜕𝑠𝑛 Photon emission probability is the stable value for a long time. In the following we present our numerical results. Figure 1 shows the lineshape and the Mandel 𝑄 parameter spectrum. On the left of Fig. 1, we give our theoretical results of the line shape of the single molecule system with the experimental results. The corresponding results of Mandel’s parameter 𝑄 spectrum are shown on the right. The pump field resonates and the probe field is scanned. All the parameters are
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taken from the experimental parameters: the transition of the spontaneous radiation rate Γ = 40 MHz, the other parameters are in units of Γ ; they are given in the caption of Fig. 1. From the figure, it is obviously shown that our theoretical results of line shapes are in good agreement with the experimental results. In this case, the lineshapes show the Autler–Towneslike structures. To show the role of the pump field, Fig. 1 shows the results of two different strengths of pump field: the strengths of two fields are the same as those shown in the upper left part of Fig. 1 and the strength of the pump field has been raised in the lower left part. When increasing the pump strength, the spectra strength of fluorescence emission obviously increases at the same scanning frequency of the probe field. Specially, at the resonance of the scanning probe field, the photon emission strength will be significantly larger at the middle peak position. The line shapes of single molecules are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The middle peak value slowly exceeds the values of the side wing. The middle peak becomes wider from the Ω2 = 0.5Γ to Ω2 = 2.5Γ . For the maximum of the probe field strength, the side wing value is not the same and two flanks are tip-tilted with the growing 𝛿𝜔. In the right columns of Fig. 2, Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters are shown and there are the variations of Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters corresponding to the line shapes. For the weak probe field, such as Ω2 = 0.5Γ , 1Γ and 1.5Γ , Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters are all less than 0 in correspondence to the anti-bunching effect of the emission photon distribution. When Ω2 = 2Γ and 2.5Γ , Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters of side peaks are larger than 0. For the weak probe field, the Mandel 𝑄 parameters of side wings are all the same. For the strong probe field, Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters present the same changes corresponding to the line shapes. The tiny promotion in the two sides of the middle valley are obvious for the photon emission distribution, while the promotion variation is very tiny and almost invisible for the line shape.
-0.2 0.36
-0.3
0.32
-0.5
0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4
0.4
Q
-0.4
0.3
-0.3 -0.4 -0.5
0.32
-200
0
200
Frequency (MHz)
-200
0
0.4 -0.2
Q
0.36
0 -0.2 -0.4
0.3
0.35 -0.4
I
0 -0.1 -0.2
Q
I
-0.6
0.3 0.32
200
-0.5
Frequency (MHz)
Fig. 1. Experimental and calculated line shapes (left plots) and Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters (right plots) of the single quantum system versus the pump-probe frequency 𝛿𝜔. Parameters used include 𝛿 = 0, Ω1 = Ω2 = 1.1Γ (figure above); 𝛿 = 0, Ω1 = 1.1Γ , Ω2 = 1.55Γ (lower figures). All the parameters used are the same as those used in the experiment of Orrit et al.[24]
The corresponding Mandel parameter 𝑄 spectrum is shown in the right columns of Fig. 1. At the same pump-probe frequency difference, Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters are less than zero which is corresponding to the anti-bunching effect of photon statistical distribution. The anti-bunching effect will be more obvious corresponding to the emission fluorescence peak. There exists the small promotion of Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters at the side peak 𝛿𝜔 = 20–30 MHz. However, there is scarcely this promotion of side peak of line shape. As shown in the right columns of Fig. 1, the fluctuation of Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters concentrates on the small probe scanning value and becomes concentrated with the increase of the probe field strength. To show the effect of the strength of the probe field, in Fig. 2 we present the results of lineshape and Mandel’s 𝑄 spectra for the different probe fields in the case that the pump field is resonant. As shown in Fig. 2, the main peak (at 𝛿𝜔 = 0) of the lineshape becomes larger as the probe field strength becomes stronger. At the bottom figure of the left column, the side wing values are almost the same and the middle peak is deep at the probe field strength Ω2 = 0.5Γ .
-0.6 -0.6 0.35 -0.65
0.34 -10
-5
0
δω (Γ)
5
10
-5
0
5
10
δω (Γ)
Fig. 2. The line shapes (left columns) and Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters (right columns) of single molecules versus the pump-probe frequency for the resonant pump field. Parameters used include Ω1 = 1.1Γ , Ω2 = 0.5Γ , 1Γ , 1.5Γ , 2Γ and 2.5Γ (from bottom to top).
Further, we take the values of the probe field strength from 0.5Γ to 3.5Γ with steps of 0.2Γ . The arrows show the increasing probe field strengths in Fig. 3. The line shapes and Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters are shown at the top and bottom of the figure, respectively. The middle peaks of lineshapes are gradually prominent and their values slowly overtop the side value of the line shape. The two wings have a change larger than the initial value with the increasing strength of the probe field. In the bottom part, the changes of Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters are more obvious as marked by the arrows. Along with the enhancement of the probe field strength, the photon emission distribution changes from the anti-bunching effect to the bunching effect. The middle valleys have the same variation corresponding to the line shape peak. The single molecule can be used for a few photon emission sources. We study the probabilities of one- and two-photon emissions under different external fields in Fig. 4. All the parameters are the same
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as those in Fig. 2 and the evolution time of the single molecule system is enough to ensure the maximum of photon probabilities turning up. There are obvious fluctuations with the frequency difference 𝛿𝜔 for different pump-probe fields. For smaller frequency difference |𝛿𝜔|, the probability fluctuation for one- and two-photon emissions is larger. From the bottom to the top of Fig. 4, the probabilities gradually increase as the probe field strength increases. When the probe field strength is 2.5Γ , the single- and two-photon probabilities obtain the maximum values of 0.56 and 0.46, respectively. From our calculations, we can optimize the external-field parameters to obtain the larger values of 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 . 0.45 (a) 0.4
I
0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.2 (b)
Q
0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
δω (Γ)
0.56 0.54 0.52 0.5 0.54 0.52 0.5 0.54 0.52 0.5 0.54
0.46 0.44 0.42 0.44 0.42
0.5 0.46 0.5 0.45 0.4 -10
0.38 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 -0.5 0.35 0.3 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 10
P2 (max)
P1 (max)
Fig. 3. The line shapes and Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters for the resonant pump field and probe field with different strengths. The pump field strength Ω1 = 1.1Γ , and Ω2 takes the values from 0.5Γ to 3.5Γ in steps of 0.2Γ .
-5
0
δω (Γ)
5
10
-5
0
5
δω (Γ)
Fig. 4. The one- and two-photon emission probabilities of single molecules versus the pump-probe frequency difference. All the parameters are the same as those in Fig. 2.
In conclusion, a theoretical strategy including the pump and probe fields has been presented. We show the statistical properties of single terrylene molecules in p-terphenyl crystals. We mainly study the line shape, Mandel’s 𝑄 parameter spectra and photon emission probabilities of a single molecule system. The generating function method again shows the feasibility to deal with the single molecule photon statistical probabilities. The line shapes we give are in good agreement with the experimental result. Mandel’s 𝑄 parameters show the obvious quantum effect and the
anti-bunching effect under some specific conditions. We can optimize the external-field parameters and control the single molecule source. In addition, this theoretical method can solve the photon statistics of quantum dots in future research.
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063303-4
Chinese Physics Letters Volume 32
Number 6
June 2015
GENERAL 060301 Critical Behavior of the Energy Gap and Its Relation with the Berry Phase Close to the Excited State Quantum Phase Transition in the Lipkin Model YUAN Zi-Gang, ZHANG Ping 060302 Robustness of Genuine Tripartite Entanglement under Collective Dephasing MAZHAR Ali 060303 Quantum State Transfer among Three Ring-Connected Atoms GUO Yan-Qing, DENG Yao, PEI Pei, TONG Dian-Min, WANG Dian-Fu, MI Dong 060304 The Coherence of a Dipolar Condensate in a Harmonic Potential Superimposed to a Deep Lattice WANG Long, YU Zi-Fa, XUE Ju-Kui 060501 The Effect of Quantum Coins on the Spreading of Binary Disordered Quantum Walk ZHAO Jing, HU Ya-Yun, TONG Pei-Qing 060502 The Dependence of Chimera States on Initial Conditions FENG Yue-E, LI Hai-Hong
NUCLEAR PHYSICS 062101 Description of the Shape Coexistence in 98 Mo with IBM2 ZHANG Da-Li, YUAN Shu-Qing, DING Bin-Gang, 062501 Azimuthal Asymmetry of Pion-Meson Emission around the Projectile and Target Sides in Au+Au Collision at 1A GeV WANG Ting-Ting, L Ming, MA Yu-Gang, FANG De-Qing, WANG Shan-Shan, ZHANG Guo-Qiang
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS 063101 A High-Precision Calculation of Bond Length and Spectroscopic Constants of Hg2 Based on the Coupled-Cluster Theory with Spin–Orbit Coupling TU Zhe-Yan, WANG Wen-Liang 063201 Population Distribution of Excited States in Cs Electrodeless Discharge Lamp ZHU Chuan-Wen, TAO Zhi-Ming, CHEN Mo, LIU Zhong-Zheng, ZHANG Xiao-Gang, ZHANG Sheng-Nan, CHEN Jing-Biao 063301 Charge Resonance Enhanced Multiple Ionization of H2 O Molecules in Intense Laser Fields LIU Hong, LI Min, XIE Xi-Guo, WU Cong, DENG Yong-Kai, WU Cheng-Yin, GONG Qi-Huang, LIU Yun-Quan 063302 Generation of Isolated Attosecond Pulse from Asymmetric Molecular Ions by Introducing Half-Cycle-Like Laser Fields LIU Sha-Sha, MIAO Xiang-Yang 063303 Photon Statistical Properties of Single Terrylene Molecules in P-Terphenyl Crystals HAN Bai-Ping, ZHENG Yu-Jun, HU Feng, FAN Qiu-Bo
FUNDAMENTAL AREAS OF PHENOMENOLOGY(INCLUDING APPLICATIONS) 064201 A kW Continuous-Wave Ytterbium-Doped All-Fiber Laser Oscillator with Domestic Fiber Components and Gain Fiber LIAO Lei, LIU Peng, XING Ying-Bin, WANG Yi-Bo, PENG Jing-Gang, DAI Neng-Li, LI Jin-Yan, HE Bing, ZHOU Jun 064202 Probing of Ultrafast Plasmon Dynamics on Gold Bowtie Nanostructure Using Photoemission Electron Microscopy QIN Jiang, JI Bo-Yu, HAO Zuo-Qiang, LIN Jing-Quan
064203 Optimization of High Power 1.55-µm Single Lateral Mode Fabry–Perot Ridge Waveguide Lasers KE Qing, TAN Shao-Yang, LU Dan, ZHANG Rui-Kang, WANG Wei, JI Chen 064204 Propagation of Partially Coherent Elegant Hermite-Cosh-Gaussian Beam in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence ZHANG Wen-Fu, LIAN Jie, WANG Ying-Shun, HU Xue-Yuan, SUN Zhao-Zong, ZHAO Ming-Lin, WANG Ying, LI Meng-Meng 064205 Simultaneously Suppressing Low-Frequency and Relaxation Oscillation Intensity Noise in a DBR Single-Frequency Phosphate Fiber Laser XIAO Yu, LI Can, XU Shan-Hui, FENG Zhou-Ming, YANG Chang-Sheng, ZHAO Qi-Lai, YANG Zhong-Min 064206 Extraordinary Optical Confinement in a Silicon Slot Waveguide with Metallic Gratings LIANG Han, ZHAN Ke-Tao, HOU Zhi-Ling 064207 Effect of In Diffusion on the Property of Blue Light-Emitting Diodes ZENG Yong-Ping, LIU Wen-Jie, WENG Guo-En, ZHAO Wan-Ru, ZUO Hai-Jie, YU Jian, ZHANG Jiang-Yong, YING Lei-Ying, ZHANG Bao-Ping 064208 In-Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on Waist-Enlarged Taper and Core-Mismatching for Strain Sensing ZHANG Yun-Shan, QIAO Xue-Guang, SHAO Min, LIU Qin-Peng 064209 Stable Q-Switched Yb:NaY(WO4 )2 Laser with Cr4+ :YAG Saturable Absorber LAN Rui-Jun 064210 Transverse Optical Properties of the Eu3+ :Y2 SiO5 Crystal in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency YANG Li-Ru, WANG Chun-Fang, ZHANG Da-Wei 064211 Cold Atom Cloud with High Optical Depth Measured with Large Duty Cycle ZHANG Jun, GU Zhen-Jie, QIAN Peng, HAN Zhi-Guang, CHEN Jie-Fei 064301 On the Fundamental Mode Love Wave in Devices Incorporating Thick Viscoelastic Layers LIU Jian-Sheng, WANG Li-Jun, HE Shi-Tang 064302 The Effects of Seamounts on Sound Propagation in Deep Water LI Wen, LI Zheng-Lin, ZHANG Ren-He, QIN Ji-Xing, LI Jun, NAN Ming-Xing 064303 Horizontal-Longitudinal Correlations of Acoustic Field in Deep Water LI Jun, LI Zheng-Lin, REN Yun, LI Wen, ZHANG Ren-He
PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES 065201 Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging Observations of m/n = 1/1 and Higher Harmonic Modes during Sawtooth Oscillation in ICRF Heating Plasma on EAST AZAM Hussain, GAO Bing-Xi, LIU Wan-Dong, XIE Jin-Lin, the EAST Team 065202 Negative Refraction in a Lossy Plasma Layer PENG Li, GUO Bin, GAO Ming-Xiang, CAI Xin 065203 Simulation of Plasma Disruptions for HL-2M with the DINA Code XUE Lei, DUAN Xu-Ru, ZHENG Guo-Yao, LIU Yue-Qiang, YAN Shi-Lei, DOKUKA V. V., KHAYRUTDINOV R. R., LUKASH V. E.
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURE, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES 066101 Enhanced Magnetic and Dielectric Properties in Low-Content Tb-Doped BiFeO3 Nanoparticles GUO Min-Chen, LIU Wei-Fang, WU Ping, ZHANG Hong, XU Xun-Ling, WANG Shou-Yu, RAO Guang-Hui
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES 067301 Bismuth Effects on Electronic Levels in GaSb(Bi)/AlGaSb Quantum Wells Probed by Infrared Photoreflectance CHEN Xi-Ren, SONG Yu-Xin, ZHU Liang-Qing, QI Zhen, ZHU Liang, ZHA Fang-Xing, GUO Shao-Ling, WANG Shu-Min, SHAO Jun 067302 First-Principles Calculations of the Quantum Size Effects on the Stability and Reactivity of Ultrathin Ru(0001) Films WU Ming-Yi, JIA Yu, SUN Qiang 067303 Identification of Topological Surface State in PdTe2 Superconductor by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy LIU Yan, ZHAO Jian-Zhou, YU Li, LIN Cheng-Tian, LIANG Ai-Ji, HU Cheng, DING Ying, XU Yu, HE Shao-Long, ZHAO Lin, LIU Guo-Dong, DONG Xiao-Li, ZHANG Jun, CHEN Chuang-Tian, XU Zu-Yan, WENG Hong-Ming, DAI Xi, FANG Zhong, ZHOU Xing-Jiang 067401 Electronic Structure, Irreversibility Line and Magnetoresistance of Cu0.3 Bi2 Se3 Superconductor YI He-Mian, CHEN Chao-Yu, SUN Xuan, XIE Zhuo-Jin, FENG Ya, LIANG Ai-Ji, PENG Ying-Ying, HE Shao-Long, ZHAO Lin, LIU Guo-Dong, DONG Xiao-Li, ZHANG Jun, CHEN Chuang-Tian, XU Zu-Yan, GU Gen-Da, ZHOU Xing-Jiang 067402 Possible p-Wave Superconductivity in Epitaxial Bi/Ni Bilayers GONG Xin-Xin, ZHOU He-Xin, XU Peng-Chao, YUE Di, ZHU Kai, JIN Xiao-Feng, TIAN He, ZHAO Ge-Jian, CHEN Ting-Yong 067501 Evaluation of the Ultrafast Thermal Manipulation of Magnetization Precession in Ferromagnetic Semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As LI Hang, ZHANG Xin-Hui 067502 Magnetization Reversal Process of Single Crystal α-Fe Containing a Nonmagnetic Particle LI Yi, XU Ben, HU Shen-Yang, LI Yu-Lan, LI Qiu-Lin, LIU Wei 067503 Nitrogen-Induced Change of Magnetic Properties in Antiperovskite-Type Carbide: Mn3 InC MALIK Muhammad-Imran, SUN Ying, DENG Si-Hao, SHI Ke-Wen, HU Peng-Wei, WANG Cong 067601 Magnetic Field Measurement with Heisenberg Limit Based on Solid Spin NOON State ZHOU Lei-Ming, DONG Yang, SUN Fang-Wen
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 068101 Graphene-Based Tunable Polarization Insensitive Dual-Band Metamaterial Absorber at Mid-Infrared Frequencies ZHANG Yu-Ping, LI Tong-Tong, LV Huan-Huan, HUANG Xiao-Yan, ZHANG Xiao, XU Shi-Lin, ZHANG Hui-Yun 068102 Theoretical and Experimental Optimization of InGaAs Channels in GaAs PHEMT Structure GAO Han-Chao, YIN Zhi-Jun 068103 Simulation of Dendritic Growth with Melt Convection in Solidification of Ternary Alloys SUN Dong-Ke, ZHANG Qing-Yu, CAO Wei-Sheng, ZHU Ming-Fang 068104 Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of Pyrite CuSe2 Films on SrTiO3 PENG Jun-Ping, ZHANG Hui-Min, SONG Can-Li, JIANG Ye-Ping, WANG Li-Li, HE Ke, XUE Qi-Kun, MA Xu-Cun 068301 Set Programming Method and Performance Improvement of Phase Change Random Access Memory Arrays FAN Xi, CHEN Hou-Peng, WANG Qian, WANG Yue-Qing, LV Shi-Long, LIU Yan, SONG Zhi-Tang, FENG Gao-Ming, LIU Bo 068501 Ultralow Specific on-Resistance Trench MOSFET with a U-Shaped Extended Gate WANG Zhuo, LI Peng-Cheng, ZHANG Bo, FAN Yuan-Hang, XU Qing, LUO Xiao-Rong
068502 The Cu Based AlGaN/GaN Schottky Barrier Diode LI Di, JIA Li-Fang, FAN Zhong-Chao, CHENG Zhe, WANG Xiao-Dong, YANG Fu-Hua, HE Zhi 068503 A Strategy for Magnifying Vibration in High-Energy Orbits of a Bistable Oscillator at Low Excitation Levels WANG Guang-Qing, LIAO Wei-Hsin 068701 Dynamics of Nano-Chain Diffusing in Porous Media CHEN Jiang-Xing, ZHENG Qiang, HUANG Chun-Yun, XU Jiang-Rong, YING He-Ping 068901 Structural Modeling and Characteristics Analysis of Flow Interaction Networks in the Internet WU Xiao-Yu, GU Ren-Tao, PAN Zhuo-Ya, JIN Wei-Qi, JI Yue-Feng
ERRATA AND OTHER CORRECTIONS 069901 Erratum: Laser-Induced Graphite Plasma Kinetic Spectroscopy under Different Ambient Pressures [Chin. Phys. Lett. Vol. 32, No. 4, 043201(2015)] K. Chaudhary, S. Rosalan, M. S. Aziz, M. Bahadoran, J Ali, P. P. Yupapin, N. Bidin, Saktioto
