By GC-MS: GC 6890N equipped with MS 5975 detector,. Agilent Technologies. - Colonna: HP-5MS (5 % phenyl-methyl-siloxane), length: 30 m, i.d.: 250 µm, film ...
Phytochemical investigations of three different accessions of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Hiwa M. Ahmed a,b, Szilvia Tavaszi-Sárosi a, Péter Radácsi a, Éva Németh-Zámbori a a Szent
István University, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Villányi str. 29-43. H-1118, Budapest, Hungary b Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Slemani, Qirga - Ibrahim Ahmed, Wrme Street 327/76, Kurdistan Regional Government/Iraq e-mail.: radacsi.peter.kertk.szie.hu
Introduction Perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.), so called Chinese basil, is used traditionally for medical and flavoring purposes. The leaves of the plant are applied against bronchitis or other problems of the respiratory system as well as in the treatment of skin allergic reactions (HABEGGER et al., 2004). Recent publications have also pointed out its antiallergic, anticancer and immunstimulant properties. Because of the morphological variety of Perilla it can also be used for ornamental purposes cultivated as an annual plant. In the last decade the interest about the plant is increasing however till now we have a lack of information about the cultivation and genetical diversity. In our research work three Perilla frutescens L. accessions with green and purple leaves were evaluated in a climatic chamber experiment.
Material and Methods
Results
Two Weis Gallenkamp SGC-120 climatic chambers were used. Pf1, Pf2 and Pf3 accessions were obtained from the Gene Bank of the Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Szent István University.
The three investigated accessions were morphologically different: Pf1 had dark green leaves; Pf2 bright green- and Pf3 purple leaves. Differences were observed in the fresh biomass of the investigated P. frutescens accessions (Fig. 1). Largest biomass production was measured in Pf1 while Pf3 produced 20% less biomass. The Pf1 showed the highest essential oil content 1,536 ml/100 g, while others showed lower accumulation level: 0,436 ml/100 g (Pf2) and 0,326 ml/100 g (Pf3) respectively (Fig. 2). Three different chemotypes were identified among the studied accessions (Tab. 1). Pf1 accumulated perillaldehyde as the main essential oil component (PA chemotype); Pf2 contained mainly perilla ketone (PK chemotype), while PS3 belongs to the dehydro-elsholtzia ketone chemotype (DEK). The above mentioned chemotypes were described by ITO and HONDA (1997) and ZHANG et al. (2009). The highest TPC was measured in Pf3, followed by Pf2 and the lowest value was detected in Pf1 (Fig. 3). In terms of AOC the same tendency was observed: Pf3 showed higher values compared to Pf2 and Pf1 (Fig. 4).
Climatic programme was: 17/7 h day/night; 25/19 °C, 65% RH 1.6 L pots, filled with the mixture of Rekyva Remix 2D soil, black peat and perlite (in a ratio of 7:2:1) were applied. Harvest was carried out at vegetative stage, 5 months after the sowing. Analysed characteristics: • Fresh mass (g·plant-1) • Total polyphenol content (mg GAE g-1 DM) (TPC) • Antioxidant capacity (mg AAE g-1 DM) (AOC) • Essential oil content (ml 100g-1) • Essential oil composition
Table 1 Main essential oil components of the investigated P. frutescens accessions
After harvesting the plants, the fresh mass was measured immediately in 4 replications per accession. AOC was measured by the method of BENZIE and STRAIN (1996). TPC was determined with the method of SINGLETON and ROSSI (1965). The essential oil content was determined with a Clevenger-apparatus based on the Ph.Hg (7th ed.). Analysis of the essential oil composition: - By GC-MS: GC 6890N equipped with MS 5975 detector, Agilent Technologies - Colonna: HP-5MS (5 % phenyl-methyl-siloxane), length: 30 m, i.d.: 250 µm, film thickness: 0.25 µm - Carrier gas: Helium, flow: 0.5 ml/min, constant - Temperature of the injector and the detector is 250 C - Ionization energy: 70 eV - Detection of the components: By comparing the mass spectra and retention times to standards as well as by using library database (NIST) - Temperature program: 50C/0.5 min, temperature raising until 150 C by 4 C/min, then until 220 C by 12C/min.
Figure 1 Essential oil content of studied P. frutescens accessions
Figure 3 Total polyphenol content of the P. frutescens accessions
Component
RTI
KI
Studied P. frutescens accessions (GC area %) Pf1 Pf3 Pf2
Limonene
8.19
1029
5.71
10.47
nd
Shisofuran
14.77
1194
nd
nd
7.71
Perilla ketone
16.83
1234
nd
75.09
0.22
Perillaldehyde
17.89
1268
77.47
7.01
0.54
ß-Dehydro elshotzia ketone
19.11
1297
nd
nd
67.79
ß-Caryophyllene
23.68
1420
4.85
2.65
6.88
Farnesen (Z,E, α)
26.79
1498
5.01
1.66
3.86
6.98
2.95
12.89
Others (
