POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTERY CHARGING FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos University of Pannonia Faculty of Information Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems
[email protected]
September 2. 2010.
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Renewable energy battery charging and grid integration Nonlinear distortion
Contents 1
Problem statement Renewable energy battery charging and grid integration Nonlinear distortion
2
Grid synchronized inverter Grid tie inverter Multifunctional complex controller
3
Simulation Simulink model Simulation results
4
Conclusions and further work
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Renewable energy battery charging and grid integration Nonlinear distortion
Small domestic power plants (1-5kW)
Island mode (off grid) storage (battery, H2 - fuel cell, CAES, SMES, PHS) - In development phase or too expensive! Grid synchronized mode - Cost effective! Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Renewable energy battery charging and grid integration Nonlinear distortion
Electrical Vehicle Fleet Integration
Fluctuating renewable energy The connected electric car batteries can absorb peaks of power production or feed the power into the grid Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Renewable energy battery charging and grid integration Nonlinear distortion
Nonlinear capacitive elements Low consumption switching power supplies (mobile chargers, notebooks, small variable frequency motor drives)
Capacitive input stage - nonlinear load (PSpice model)
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Renewable energy battery charging and grid integration Nonlinear distortion
Capacitive input stage model time domain analysis
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Renewable energy battery charging and grid integration Nonlinear distortion
Capacitive input stage model frequency domain analysis
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Renewable energy battery charging and grid integration Nonlinear distortion
Distortion, active and reactive power
Significant 3rd and 5th upper harmonic component Overall reactive power: QB =
n X k=1
Qk =
n X |Vˆs (k)||ˆIl (k)| sin φ(k) k=1
2
ˆs (k) Peak Voltage of the source V ˆIl (k) Peak Current of the load φ(k) Phase difference between the voltage and current
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Renewable energy battery charging and grid integration Nonlinear distortion
Distortion, active and reactive power Power factor: PF =
hVs , Is i ||Vs ||||Is ||
hVs , Is i Active power of the source ||Vs ||||Is || Apparent power of the source
Total harmonic distortion: v uX u ∞ u (|Vk |2 ) u t THD = k=2 2 |V1 | Vk k-th harmonic effective voltage V1 Base harmonic effective voltage Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Grid tie inverter Multifunctional complex controller
Grid tie inverter with battery charger schematics
Elements of the inverter Boost converter: Input serial inductor, diode and IGBT switch Buck converter: Serial inductor, diode and IGBT switch Middle stage puffer capacitor IGBT bridge with built in reverse diodes, Output serial inductor Voltage and Current sensing Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Grid tie inverter Multifunctional complex controller
Energy Flow Modes
Energy generated from Renewable Source Energy Injected to the Grid Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Grid tie inverter Multifunctional complex controller
Energy Flow Modes
Energy generated from Renewable Source Energy Injected to the Grid Energy Injected to Battery Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Grid tie inverter Multifunctional complex controller
Energy Flow Modes
Energy generated from Renewable Source Energy coming from the Grid Energy Injected to Battery Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Grid tie inverter Multifunctional complex controller
Energy Flow Modes
Energy coming from the Grid Energy Injected to Battery Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Grid tie inverter Multifunctional complex controller
Energy Flow Modes
Energy coming from the Grid Energy Injected back to the Grid Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Grid tie inverter Multifunctional complex controller
Control flow chart
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Grid tie inverter Multifunctional complex controller
Elements of the control system Max power controller maximizes the output power of the photovoltaic panel
Charger controller controls the charging current of the battery
Bridge controller controls the IGBT-s in the bridge (nonlinear, hysteresic)
Grid synchronized inverter * Nonlinear electric network * Upper Harmonic controller * Intermediate voltage controller * Current waveform generator Current control setpoint production
* present work, details later Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Nonlinear network model Param. Utfr Ltrf Rs,line R1 RLoad RRLload LRLload RRCload 1 CRCload 1 RRCload 2 CRCload 2 RRCload 3 CRCload 3
Value 230V 3.185mH 0.5Ω 0.2Ω 50Ω 35.35Ω 112.5mH 25Ω 10mF 50Ω 5mF 35Ω 7mF
Low Voltage transformer with serial inductance, Line loss resistances Resistive load, Inductive and resistive load, Nonlinear Capacitive resistive load Voltage and Current measurement at connection point (Power meter, P, Q) Fourier analysis for harmonic amplitudes and phases
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Battery model Parameter Battery type Nominal Voltage Rated Capacity Fully Charged Voltage Nominal Discharge Current Internal Resistance Capacity @ Nominal Voltage Exponential zone Voltage Exponential zone Capacity
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
Value Li-Ion 153.6V 200Ah 178.78V 86.95A 0.00768Ω 180.86Ah 165.94V 9.82Ah
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Inverter model
Param. LBoost LBuck Lout Cinter
Value 100mH 100mH 10mH 10mF
Inverter schematic in Power Electronics Toolbox Control System Elements Harmonic Components Values from the Nonlinear Network Current Output to the Nonlinear Network Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Upper harmonic controller
2 Error Function:U32 + U52 + U72 + U92 + U11 Inputs: 3rd,5th,7th,9th and 11th harmonic Voltage Amplitudes Outputs: 3rd,5th,7th,9th and 11th harmonic Current Ampl.s and Phases Time divided multiplex gradient method for Error function minimization Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Simulation experiments Parameter I1 Amplitude init (IVC) I1 Phase init (IVC) ICharger (CC) Upper Harm. Components Ampl.s init (UHC) Upper Harm. Components Phase init (UHC) 3rd Current Amplitude step (UHC) 3rd Current Phase step (UHC) 5th Current Amplitude step (UHC) 5th Current Phase step (UHC) 7th Current Amplitude step (UHC) 7th Current Phase step (UHC) 9th Current Amplitude step (UHC) 9th Current Phase step (UHC) 11th Current Amplitude step (UHC) 11th Current Phase step (UHC) IPV (MPC ) Initial value Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
Value 28.5A 0o 0A 0A 180o Error Function Value*0.2 Error Function Value*0.1 Error Function Value*0.06 Error Function Value*0.1 Error Function Value*0.04 Error Function Value*0.1 Error Function Value*0.03 Error Function Value*0.1 Error Function Value*0.02 Error Function Value*0.1 30A
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Steady State Current Parameters
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Steady State Current Parameters Output current 3rd amplitude Output current 3rd phase Output current 5th amplitude Output current 5th phase Output current 7rd amplitude Output current 7rd phase Output current 9th amplitude Output current 9th phase Output current 11th amplitude Output current 11th phase 2 Error Function:U32 + U52 + U72 + U92 + U11
Time divided multiplex gradient method for Error function minimization 1 cycle 10 time slice = 1 seconds 10 dimension parameter space steps are made along the axes directions
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Upper Harmonic Controller Robustness Analysis
Changing load conditions Time interval 0-10 sec 10-20 sec 20-30 sec 30-40 sec 40-50 sec 50-60 sec
NL 1 OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
NL 2 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF
NL 3 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Upper Harmonic Controller Robustness Analysis Changing load conditions
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
U,I at the connection point (Inverter:OFF) Distortion from the network
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
U,I at the conn. point (Inverter:ON Complex control:OFF) The effect of the inverter
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
U,I at connection point (Inverter:ON Complex control:ON) The effect of the inverter and the controller
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Numerical results
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Simulink model Simulation results
Intermediate Voltage Controller Robustness Analysis
Time U0PV IBattCharge
0-0.5 sec 300V 0A
0.5-1 sec 300V 30A
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
1-1.5 sec 0V 30A
1.5-2 sec 0V 0A
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Conclusions A novel "line-friendly" control method optimizes the working point implements active PF correction lowers the extant harmonic distortion
Matlab simulation substantial improvement of the output voltage and current waveform could be achieved
Difficulties deviations of error function - filtering slows the controller
THD reduction close to in the literature impossible to perform exact current measurement at the connection point
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Conclusions
Radical IRMS reduction, lowering the power loss Robust Upper Harmonic Control achieved Robust Intermediate Voltage Control achieved tolerant against changing the energy flow mode transients are monotonous without overshoot castor time is less than 0.1 second
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Further work
Weighten the error function Examine the influence of the upper harmonics Important upper harmonic components more reduction
Examine the distortion reduction in every Energy Flow Mode Extend the model with new Energy Flow Mode to inject energy from the Battery to the Grid Build a low scale model of the equipment laboratory-size wind turbine controller will be implemented on a DSP
Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Nonlinear network spectral analysis
Spectrum of Voltage at the connection point (UHC OFF) Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
Problem statement Grid synchronized inverter Simulation Conclusions and further work
Nonlinear network spectral analysis
Spectrum of Voltage at the connection point (UHC ON) Péter Görbe, Attila Magyar, Katalin M. Hangos
POWER CONDITIONING WITH ELECTRIC CAR BATTE
