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ScienceDirect Procedia Computer Science 78 (2016) 350 – 357
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7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRIWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ,QIRUPDWLRQ6HFXULW\DQG3ULYDF\ (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). ,&,63 Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the ICISP2015 Keywords:&ORXGFRPSXWLQJ3RZHUDZDUHFRPSXWLQJ5HVRXUFH8WLOL]DWLRQ+\EULG&ORXG&ORXG,QIUDVWUXFWXUHDVDVHUYLFH
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1877-0509 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the ICISP2015 doi:10.1016/j.procs.2016.02.072
Ravi Shankar Jha and Punit Gupta / Procedia Computer Science 78 (2016) 350 – 357
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