Organic matter. ▫ Releases nutrients slowly ... Total Organic Carbon. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. % ... General conclusion. Compost application affects ...
Compost: waste no waste, the rotten truth
Compost Use in Vineyard Arianna Bozzolo
Post harvest is the perfect time for:
disease and pest control
weed control
planting of cover crops
check the nutritional status
apply compost
What is compost?
What is compost? Compost: humified material resulting from the composting process, exhibiting amending as well fertilizing character.
Why is compost?
Enhancement of waste material
Erosion
Organic matter
Releases nutrients slowly
Increase soil microbial activity
May suppress diseases
Numbers… 1-1.5 t humus lost / ha / year Pruning residues Skin and seeds Stems Leaves
Tot
t/ha
t humus ha/year
2.3 - 4.4 1.5 - 4.5 0.3 1.6 - 6.3
0.4 - 0.8 0.1 - 0.4 0.05 - 0.2 0.2 - 0.4
0.7 - 2
Compost and Viticulture EFFECTS
REFERENCES
Reduce erosion, increase O.M. soil.
Bosse, 1967 Carsoulle et al., 1986
Increase O.M. soil, increase production.
Enkelmann e Volkel,1982
Improvement of the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil. Increase in growth of young vines and production.
Scienza et al.,1987 Pinamonti et al., 1991
Increase production and sugar content
Wang et al, 1991
Adsorption of heavy metals in sandy, acidic and degraded soils.
Delas, 1993
Increase in grape sugars, pH and lower acidity of musts.
Ravara, 2006
Object How the use of compost in vineyard affect soil characteristic and productive behavior of grapevine
From Missouri to Italy
Location
EUGANEI HILLS
Euganei Hills
The Vineyard Location: Valnogaredo Variety
Merlot
Rootstock
161-49
Training
cordon spur pruning
Row distance and vine distance in a row (m)
1,7 x 0,7
Age
3 years old
Irrigation
no
Soil chemical-physical characteristic Texture (%) Schel. (g/kg) sand silt clay
511
36
15
49
pH
8,1
Lime (g/kg)
CE 2,5:1 (dS/m)
total
active
0,34
450
167
C
N %
CEC C/N (cmol (+) / kg)
3,45 0,33 10
FAO-UNESCO, 1994 - Calcaric Regosol
30,8
The vineyard
Sampling YEAR I: 5 t/ha of compost
YEAR I
1
spring
autumn
2
YEAR II
spring
3
autumn
4
YEAR III
spring
5
autumn
Total Organic Carbon compost 6
*
5
No Compost
*
Compost
%
4 3 2 1 0 1
2
3 samplings
4
5
C and N microbial biomass C microbial biomass 500
*
300 200 100
N microbial biomass
0
200 1
2 3 samplings
4
*
150 mg/kg
mg/kg
400
No Compost Compost
No Compost Compost
100 50 0 1
2 3 samplings
4
Average crop yield and fruit composition evaluation parameters Year I
Year II
Year III
NC
C
NC
C
0.799
1.028 *
0.95
1.04*
0.52 0.58 n.s.
Cluster per vine (no)
7.2
7.5 *
7.3
8.3*
7.2
Cluster weight (g)
96.6
134.6 *
94.7
115.5*
62.9 71.8 n.s.
°Brix
21.2
22.3 n.s. 24.2
25.7*
25.6 26.1 n.s.
Titratable acidity (g/L)
6.5
6.7 n.s.
6.7*
6.0
5.8
5.9 n.s.
pH
3.4
3.6 *
3.4
3.6*
3.7
3.7 n.s.
Yield (kg/vine)
NC
C
7.3 n.s.
Conclusion
Increase of S.O.M.
Increase of soil microbial biomass C and N
Productive parameters indicate that the application of compost can produces immediate positive effects
General conclusion Compost application affects chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil and improves the vegetative and productive activity of vines
The maintenance of soil fertility is the real basis of plants health and resistance to disease
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