MM2 atom type parameters and all 4 membered ring torsions present in trigonelline of .... "The history of diclofenac". Am. J. Med. 80 (4B): 29â33. References.
Computational and in-vivo studies of antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial and antifungal effect of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum in comparison with indomethacin and diclofenac sodium Manar N.Alsulaim, BScPh; Nahid Abbas, PhD; Maimuna Naz, PhD College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Background Natural product are introduced to maintain the health of the human being and to reduce the incidences of adverse drug effects commonly associated with the use of many medicines. In this regard, Trigonella foenum-graecum commonly known as fenugreek is a widely known herb used to reduce pain.
Objective
Results Analgesic activity Hot plate method The latency time for group 2 (treated with diclofenac) was increased by 14.06%, while the animals treated with indomethacin showed 14.35% increased latency period. In animals of group 4, treated with Trigonella foenum-graecum the latency time was increased by 16.39%. Hot plate method 14
The seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum were grinded and powder was extracted by maceration method. Albino mice (2025g) of either sex were used in this experiment. Animals were divided into four different groups, each group contained 5 animals. To evaluate analgesic activity of these drugs, hot plate method and Acetic acid induced writhing method were used. The antipyretic activity was evaluated by inducing pyrexia using Brewer’s yeast. Body temperatures of the animals were measured by rectal rout using digital thermometer. Antiinflammatory activity was studied by inducing edema using carrageenan. The identification of the common molecular descriptors was done using CHEM DRAW, CHEM 3D and CODESSA softwares.
9.38
10 8 6 4 2 0
1
2
3
4
Groups
Acetic acid induced writhing test The test showed that the positive control group has more pain after the injection of acetic acid. Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
No. of writhes /10min
65.6
15
14.8
12.3
% Inhibition
---
77.13%
77.43%
81.25%
Antipyretic activity There were increase by (2.33%, 1.36%, 1.19%, 1.09%) in the body temperature in groups 1,2,3 and 4 respectively.
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Paw
Paw
Paw
Paw
volume
volume
volume
volume
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
NPV
0.10
0.09
0.11
0.11
2hr
0.23
0.19
0.20
0.22
4hr
0.30
0.20
0.23
0.23
6hr
0.22
0.19
0.21
0.20
37.6 37.4
37.2
37.26
37.06
37.2 37 36.8
36.82
Trigonella foenum-
36.76
36.76
36.66
36.6 36.4
Klebsiella
Proteus
Pneumonia mirabilus
Staph.
E. coli
Candida
Aureus
I.Z
albicans
I.Z (mm)
I.Z (mm)
I.Z (mm)
(mm)
I.Z (mm)
500mg/ml
8
8
14
19
19
250mg/ml
3
6
11
14
14
125mg/ml
0
0
10
10
9
75mg/ml
0
0
0
0
7
+ve control
8
9
8
12
9
Concentration
37.68
37.8
Antibacterial activity Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds was evaluated by using paper disc diffusion method. Following table shows the measurement of zone of inhibition (mm) of different dilutions of the drug and standard drug (amoxicillin 10mcg). This study also demonstrates that Trigonella foenum-graecum has dose dependent anti-bacterial effect. Moreover, the Trigonella foenumgraecum is more effective against Candida albicans as compared to the standard (clotrimazole) drug.
graecum
Antipyretic effect
temperature °C
Method
Group 1
12
Time (sec)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial and antifungal effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum in comparison with indomethacin and diclofenac sodium. The Computational study was conducted to identify the molecular descriptors which are responsible for producing same biological activity.
12.76
12.34
12.28
group 2, treated with diclofenac sodium. It showed a marked reduction in the inflammation by 23.80%. Group 3 and 4 reduce the paw volume by 14.28 % and 9.5% respectively.
36.2 36 1
2 before treatment
3
4
Groups
after treatment
Anti-inflammatory activity The anti-inflammatory activity is showing the value of average paw volume of treated and control group animals, after 2, 4 and 6 hours. Injection of carrageenan increased the paw volume gradually. Maximum antiinflammatory activity was observed in
Computational work: From the molecular descriptors analysis we can conclude that the angle bending parameter KB and all MM2 atom type parameters and all 4 membered ring torsions present in trigonelline of fenugreek, indomethacin and diclofenac sodium produce the same biological activity.
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