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Practical software project estimation : a toolkit for estimating ... - GBV
Practical Software Project. Estimation: A Toolkit for Estimating Software.
Development Effort & Duration. International Software Benchmarking Standards
Group.
Practical Software Project Estimation: A Toolkit for
Estimating Software Development Effort & Duration International Software
Benchmarking Standards Group
Compiled
and edited by Peter R. Hill
Mc
Grauu
Hill New York Lisbon
Chicago
London Milan
Seoul
Madrid
San Francisco Mexico
New Delhi
Singapore Sydney
San
City Juan
Toronto
Contents Foreword
xv
Acknowledgments
xvii
Introduction
1
xix
Project Estimation: Background, Concepts, and Approaches Types of Project Requirements
1 1
Functional Size
3
Software Estimation Approaches
4
Other
7
Estimate
7
Techniques Ranges Timing of Estimates
Producing
a
7
Detailed Estimate
8
Use of Function Point Sizing (Functional Size
Measurement)
in
Effort Estimation
10
Summary 2
11
Factors That Influence
Productivity Project Attributes That Influence Project Delivery Rate
13
...
14
Are Some Languages Better Than Others? What Is the What Other
14
Impact of Team
Project Attributes
Are
Does the Platform Make
Size?
17
Interesting?
....
18
Development Type Language Type Application Type Application Architecture Other Project-Specific Characteristics Known
Approximation Techniques Direct Size Approximation Derived Size Approximation Early Approximation of Functional Size Using ISBSG Data KISS Quick Software Size Estimation Technique Moving from Basic KISS Quick Approach to Other Accuracy Levels & Software Size Quick Early Estimation Technique Early & Quick for COSMIC Function Point Size Some Other
47 48 48
49 ...
51
54
55 56
of
Examples Extrapolative Approaches to Size Approximation Using Functional Size to Estimate Project Effort and Duration
6
43
58 58
The Need for Caution
59
Summary
59
The Problem of
Missing Functionality
Identifying Missing Functionality Managing Changes and Additions to Functionality Scope Management Summary
61 61
63 63 63
7
8
9
Estimating Using Equations ISBSG Regression Equation Tables Using the ISBSG Regression Equations Creating Graphs from the Equations Example Effort Estimate Using the Equations Summary
65 65
66 67 68 69
Estimating Using Comparison Using the Comparison Technique Summary
71 71
74
Estimating Using Analogy Background: Reasoning by Analogy
75 76
Estimating by Analogy Advantages of Estimating by Analogy The Drawbacks of Estimating by Analogy Summary 10
11
Estimating Using Work Breakdown
Structure
76 77 79 79
...
81
Using Process Models for Micro-Estimation Summary
83 85
How Do I Estimate
a Project Comprising Varying Components?
Subsets
Implemented Utilizing Technologies
87
Different
87
Code and Reference Tables Subsets Characterized
by Technical
87 or
Other Complexities
12
88
Reused Code
88
Summary
88
Using Project History Databases Use of an Organization's Own Experience Data
89
Use of the ISBSG Data The ISBSG Repository
...
89 90 90
Guidelines for Use of the ISBSG Data
91
Presentation of Statistics
93
Using Several
Estimation Approaches
Summary 13
81
Work Breakdown Structure: Introduction
Project Estimation Using the ISBSG Repository Case Study: A Student and Staff Records Management System (SSRM)
93 93
95
95
Overview
95
Functional Size Measurement
96
Project
Work Effort and Duration
Estimates
97
Example 1: Estimating Using Regression Equations Using Regression Equations to Generate Estimates for SSRM
Regression Equations: Functional Size Regression Equations: Functional Size and Maximum Team Size Discussion
98 98
100 102
Example 2: Estimating Using Comparison The Estimating by Comparison Technique Using Estimating by Comparison to Generate Estimates
for SSRM
102 103 104
Discussion
106
Estimating Using Analogy The Estimating by Analogy Technique
107
Example
3:
Using Estimating
by Analogy
108
to
Generate Estimates for SSRM Discussion
14
98
109 Ill
Summary
112
Estimating for Agile Software Development Estimating an Agile Project Story Points The Story Point Scale Calibrating the Story Point Scale Using Past Projects Development Team Velocity Allocating Story Points to Stories Estimating Total Project Schedule and Cost at Project Initiation Allocating Stories to Individual Project Iterations
113 114
115 115
116 117 118
121
122
Reviewing the Process at 123
Project Completion Benefits of Agile Software Estimation
Story Points Comparing Story Points and Function Points
Summary
Using 123
124 125
15
A Guide to
Estimating Project Cost Using
ISBSG Data
127
Rate
128
Organization
128
Hourly Charge-Out Internal Project: Building Software for Your Own External
Building Software for
Project: Organization Refining Hourly Charge-Out Rate for Project an
128
External
129
Team Structure the
Charge-Out Rate for Inflation
Indexing and Currency Movements
130
Additional Cost Considerations
130
Costing Activities Outside
Project
Development Tasks Costing
130
Effort Contributed
by
Personnel
Not Included in the PDR
132 132
Summary Additional
Steps
to Calculate
Non-PDR-Related
Creating
a
Using
133
Software Project Estimation
Framework
Using the
ISBSG
Repository
135
the ISBSG PDR Tables to Create Tables
for Your
136
Estimating Framework Step 1. Identify the Development '
16
Project Costs
Platforms
Step
137
2. Extract PDR Distributions
Based
on Development Languages Adjust the Extracted PDR Distributions According to Team Size Step 4. Benchmarking Your Projects' PDR
Step
Step
Framework
a
a
Targets, Not Predictions
1. 2. 3.
Adjust PDR for Team Size Adjust PDR for Project Size Adjust PDR for Development
Step Language Step 4. Calculate Effort Estimate and Consider the Range of Probable Values
Summary
138 139
140 141
Benchmark Estimate for
Planned Project
Step Step
...
5. Construct the Estimation
Estimates Are
Calculating
137
3.
141 142 142
143
143 144
17
Functional Size Measurement Methods in Use
Today
145
How Many FSM Methods Are There?
145
Which FSM Method Should I Choose?
148
How Hard Is It
148
What Sort of
to Measure
Functional Size?
Accuracy Can I Expect from
FSM Measurement?
an
The Value of FSM
as a
149
Size Measurement
149
Summary 18
149
A Brief Tutorial
on
Functional Size
Measurement (FSM)
151
ISO/IEC Definitions
151
What Is Functional Size?
153
Analogies to Illustrate Functional Sizing
The Key Is
to
to Functional Size
'Think
...
153
Measurement
Logical" Example Using
153
in FSM: An
Counting
IFPUG Function Points
155
IFPUG Function Point Components
155
What Is Involved in IFPUG Function Point The
Counting? Logical Boundary
157
159
Where Does Functional Size Fit in with the
ISBSG and Software
19
Project Estimating?
Summary
161
An IFPUG Function Point Case
163
New
163
Study Development Case Study Sample Set of User Reqtiirements Functional User Requirements Functional Size Measurement Using ISO/IEC
20926: 2009
-
IFPUG 4.3
Determining the Functional Size Enhancement Case Study Sample Set of User Requirements Functional User Requirements Types of Functional Size Summary 20
160
164 164
165 165 167
167 167 169
170
The COSMIC Functional Size
Measurement Method
Overview
171
of the COSMIC Functional
Size Measurement Method
Applicability of the Method
172 172
The
Principles for Measuring
Functional Size of The Process for
Measuring
Functional Size of
21
a
a
the COSMIC
Piece of Software
172
the COSMIC
Piece of Software
174
COSMIC Method Documentation
175
Summary
176
A COSMIC Function Point Case
Study
177
of the Size of the New Software to
Analysis Be Developed Analysis of the Size of the Enhancement to the
Software
177 179
Overall Size of the Software After the Enhancement
180 180
Summary 22
A FiSMA Function Point Case
Study
181
Size Measurement of the New Software to
Be
183
Developed
Size Measurement of the Enhancement to
the Software
185
Overall Size of the Software After
the Enhancement
187
Summary A
187
What Is in the ISBSG
Repository?
Availability
189
Data
Quality
190
What the ISBSG Data Can Be Used For
190
Considerations
190
ISBSG
191
Project Data Positioning Comparing Apples with Apples Selecting a Suitable Data Subset What You Can Find in the ISBSG Repository Project Origin Project Context Type of Project Type of Product
Development
Environment
Methods and Tools
B
189
Data
191 191 194 196 198 200
202 209 213
Summary
215
Additional Documentation
215
Project Delivery Rates by Category
217
Presentation of Statistics
218
Explanation Use of
of Tables
the Statistics
218
219
Project Delivery Rates
219
Project Delivery Rate by
Use of
CASE Tools
232
Project Delivery Rate by Use of Methodology Project Delivery Rate by Relationship Between Customer, Developers, Users Project Delivery Rate by Project Size Project Delivery Rate by Maximum
233
...
233 234
Team Size
237
The
Impact of Maximum Team Size and Project Size on Project Delivery Rate
C
D
E
239
Estimation Equations What Are These Estimates Based On?
