and the criticality of: Stakeholders,. Requirements Management, V&V,. EN 50126
& ISO 15288, Performance. Specifications & the project Glossary of Terms.
PM & SE Management
Railway Project Management & Systems Engineering Bill Whitmore Project Technical Director, Fluor Mideast Email:
[email protected] Slide No: 1
PM & SE Management
Overview • Projects & Project Management • A typical project • What is PM? • Project attributes
• Systems Engineering • • • • • • Slide No: 2
What is a system? What is systems engineering? Requirements Assurance Transverse Engineering Critical considerations
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
Objectives • To understand the philosophy of railway project management and systems engineering.
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions
• To be able to discuss project attributes and the criticality of: Stakeholders, Requirements Management, V&V, EN 50126 & ISO 15288, Performance Specifications & the project Glossary of Terms Slide No: 3
Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap
A Typical Project…
Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Transverse engineering Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 4
PM & SE Management
What the Client wanted
Slide No: 5
PM & SE Management
What the Client wanted
Slide No: 6
What the salesman saw
PM & SE Management
What the Client wanted
Slide No: 7
What the salesman saw
What was designed
PM & SE Management
What the Client wanted
Slide No: 8
What the salesman saw
What was designed
How the project was documented
PM & SE Management
What the Client wanted
When it was delivered Slide No: 9
What the salesman saw
What was designed
How the project was documented
PM & SE Management
Slide No: 10
What the Client wanted
What the salesman saw
When it was delivered
What the Client was billed
What was designed
How the project was documented
PM & SE Management
Slide No: 11
What the Client wanted
What the salesman saw
What was designed
When it was delivered
What the Client was billed
The competitor’s bid
How the project was documented
PM & SE Management
Slide No: 12
What the Client wanted
What the salesman saw
What was designed
How the project was documented
When it was delivered
What the Client was billed
The competitor’s bid
What the Client really needed
PM & SE Management Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering
What is Project Management?
Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 13
PM & SE Management
Art? Science? BS? Magic?
Slide No: 14
PM & SE Management
Art? Science? BS? Magic?
Slide No: 15
PM & SE Management
Art? Science? BS? Magic?
Slide No: 16
PM & SE Management
Art? Science? BS? Magic?
Slide No: 17
PM & SE Management
Project Attributes
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
• Human endeavour • Unique scope of works • Constrained by • Time • Cost • Quality*
Slide No: 18
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
Project Attributes
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
• Human endeavour • Unique scope of works • Constrained by – Time
• Cost • Quality*
Slide No: 19
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Consideration Recap
PM & SE Management
Project Attributes • Human endeavour • Unique scope of works • Constrained by • Time • Cost • Quality*
Slide No: 20
PM & SE Management
Project Attributes
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
• Human endeavour • Unique scope of works • Constrained by • Time • Cost • Quality*
Slide No: 21
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Consideration Recap
PM & SE Management
Project Success Criteria
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
The scope of works delivered with the pre-defined constraints of: • Time • Cost • Quality*
Slide No: 22
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Consideration Recap
PM & SE Management
Reasons for Project Failure • • • • • • • •
Incomplete requirements – 13.1% Didn’t involve the users – 12.4% Insufficient resources/schedule – 10.6% Unrealistic expectations – 9.9% Lack of managerial support – 9.3% Changing requirements – 8.7% Poor planning – 8.1% Didn’t need it any longer – 7.4%
Slide No: 23
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
Reasons for Project Failure • Poor – Ignorant client – Employer’s Requirements – Performance Specifications
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance
• Read: Incompetent consultants
Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 24
PM & SE Management
Reasons for Project Failure • Poor – Requirements management – Interface management – Change control
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance
• Read: Incompetent PMs
Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 25
PM & SE Management Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap
Recap
Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 26
PM & SE Management Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap
Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 27
PM & SE Management
What is a System?
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
• A system is…
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 28
PM & SE Management
What is a System? • A system is a construct or collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by the elements alone. The elements, or parts, can include people, hardware, software, facilities, policies, and documents; that is, all things required to produce system S-level results. The results include system level qualities, properties, characteristics, functions, behavior and performance. The value added by the system as a whole, beyond that contributed independently by the parts, is primarily created by the relationship among the parts; that is, how they are interconnected’
Slide No: 29
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
What is a System?
Overview Objectives Typical Project
• A system is a collection of: Project Management Project Attributes – people, Recap – hardware, Systems Engineering – software, Definitions Requirements – facilities, Assurance – policies, Critical Considerations Recap – documents; that does something that none of the parts can on their own’ Slide No: 30
PM & SE Management
What is SE? • Systems engineering is…
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 31
PM & SE Management
What is SE? • Systems engineering is a branch of engineering concerned with the development of large and complex systems
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance
• An interdisciplinary process to help ensure that a project is successful in terms of performance requirements, management, timescales, budget, maintenance, etc. Slide No: 32
Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
What is SE? • …nothing more than the putting together of various bits and pieces into a functional unit that meets the user requirement definitions
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 33
PM & SE Management
Typical System Attributes • Simple mission or function • Complex • Collection of interacting smaller systems (subsystems) • Interact with other systems • Requires multiple disciplines to design and build • Several viewpoints Slide No: 34
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap
Requirements
Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 35
PM & SE Management
Requirements RAILWAY
RAILWAY
RAILWAY
Slide No: 36
RAILWAY
RAILWAY
PM & SE Management
What are Requirements for? • Show what results stakeholders want* • Give stakeholder a chance to say what they want • Represent different viewpoints • Check the design • Measure progress • Aid with product acceptance
Slide No: 37
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
Requirements • Projects fail or succeed on the quality of the requirements
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering
• Must be measurable and achievable
Definitions Requirements
Assurance
• One line item per requirement… • Simple, succinct, unambiguous English Slide No: 38
Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
Requirements • Easy to create and change early in a project
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering
• Difficult to change once a system is operational
Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations
• Should therefore be fixed before committing to a design Slide No: 39
Recap
PM & SE Management
Types of Requirements • • • • •
Stakeholder, System Level or ‘Client’ User Design O&M Reliability
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
• Mandatory • Preferential Slide No: 40
PM & SE Management
Stakeholder Requirements
Overview Objectives Typical Project
Identify stakeholders* – Passengers, train drivers, signallers, infrastructure operators, maintainers, TOCs, RSSB, ORR….
Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Gather requirements* – Interviews, workshop, experience as a user, observing users, other systems, customer suggestions, problems, user mods. Slide No: 41
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
Stakeholder Requirements
Overview Objectives Typical Project
Organise requirements* – Hierarchical levels of detail, eg: • • • • •
Level 1 – Client, National Legislation Level 2 – System Level 3 – Subsystem (PD/Detail Design) Level 4 – Test Procedures Level 5 – Test Results
Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Check, Review & Baseline requirements Slide No: 42
PM & SE Management
Stakeholder Requirements
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
What are typical stakeholder requirements and why should we worry? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Slide No: 43
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
Requirement Trade-offs Journey Time
Capacity
Safety
System Performance
RAM
Lifecycle Cost Comfort
Slide No: 44
PM & SE Management
Lifecycle Cost Management
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
• Analyse overall system requirement
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering
• Analyse performance of individual subsystems
Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations
• Analyse links between performance of subsystems
Slide No: 45
Recap
PM & SE Management
Lifecycle Cost Management
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
• Tune subsystem performance to achieve overall objectives
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions
• Ensure maintenance and control systems do not affect performance
Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
• Ensure lowest energy use
Slide No: 46
PM & SE Management
Lifecycle Cost Management
Slide No: 47
PM & SE Management
‘V’ Model
Slide No: 48
PM & SE Management
‘V’ Model Applied CLIENT Requirements
*Validation
Employer Aspirations / High Level Specifications
USER/SYSTEM Requirements
PHASE 8 Trial Running
Validation
RFP
*Validation
[Issued by ICP or empowered Government Agency]
SYSTEM ACCEPTANCE [‘The Railway as a system’ proven by Client O&M entity]
Handover
* Functional & Operational Specifications
Design & Performance Apportionment
*Validation
Performance & Technical Specs
DESIGN DESIGN
PHASE 3 Post Installation PHASE 2 IRNs PHASE 1 Production Tests
DESIGN DESIGN
X S# PB #7 S PB # 6 S PB #5 S PB
4 S# 3 PB S # PB S #2 1 PB S # PB
Product Breakdown Structure for Subsystem Definition.
Whitmore
Slide No: 49
PHASE 4 Standalone Tests
Dynamic Integration Tests [Site Acceptance Tests]
Static Integration Tests
SubSystem Specification
PHASE 1 Civils: Infrastructure Facilities Inspections PHASE 1 Systems: FAT-C, FAT-SS
SubSystem Verification
SUBSYSTEM Definition
PHASE 6 Dynamic Integration PHASE 5 Static Integration
PB S PB #4 S PB #3 S PB # 2 S# 1
Subsystem Requirements
Validation
# PB X S# PB 7 S PB # 6 S# 5
Contractors
SYSTEM Design
PHASE 7 Test Running
Validation
PB S
The Engineer
SYSTEM Specifications
System Verification
A P P O R T I O N M E N T
OPERATOR CERTIFICATE(S)
Revenue Service
Manufacturing & Installation
* All validation & verification is by directional
V E R I F I C A T I O N
*
PM & SE Management
Presentation of Requirements
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
ER Part 1
Employer’s Requirements Part 1 .
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering
ER Part 2
Employer’s Requirements Part 2 . . .,
Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations
ER Part 3
Slide No: 50
Employer’s Requirements Part 3 . .
Recap
PM & SE Management
Presentation of Requirements
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
ER Part 1
Employer’s Requirements Part 1 Big picture stuff, applicable to all
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering
ER Part 2
Employer’s Requirements Part 2 . . .
Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations
ER Part 3
Slide No: 51
Employer’s Requirements Part 3 . .
Recap
PM & SE Management
Presentation of Requirements
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
ER Part 1
Employer’s Requirements Part 1 Big picture stuff, applicable to all
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering
ER Part 2
Employer’s Requirements Part 2 3 Sections: Specific Scope for: (1) Civils, (2) Rail Systems, (3) Rolling Stock 11 Appendices - Transverse Plans
Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
ER Part 3
Slide No: 52
Employer’s Requirements Part 3 . .
PM & SE Management
Presentation of Requirements 300 301
310
Employer’s Requirements Part 1 ER Part 1 Employer’s Requirements Part 2
311
ER Part 2 – Civils
312
ER Part 2 – Rail Systems
313
ER Part 2 – Rolling Stock
Slide No: 53
315
Employer’s Requirements Part 2 Appendices (Master Plans)
316
App 01 - Earthing & Bonding Plan
317
App 02 - EMC Plan
318
App 03 - Environmental Plan
319
App 04 - Interface Management Plan
320
App 05 - Interface Control Template
321
App 06 - Noise & Vibration Plan
322
App 07 - POMP
323
App 08 - Project Glossary of Terms
324
App 09 - Requirements Management
325
App 10 - Site Safety Plan
326
App 11 - Assurance Management
327
App 12 - Testing & Commissioning
PM & SE Management
Presentation of Requirements
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
ER Part 1
Employer’s Requirements Part 1 Big picture stuff, applicable to all
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering
ER Part 2
Definitions Employer’s Requirements Part 2 3 Sections: Specific Scope for: Requirements (1) Civil, (2) Rail Systems, (3) Rolling Stock Assurance 11 Appendices – Transverse Subjects, Plans, Critical Considerations
ER Part 3
Slide No: 54
Employer’s Requirements Part 3 12 Performance Specs (Rail Systems) 8 Technical Specs (Non Rail Systems)
Recap
PM & SE Management
Presentation of Requirements 330
Employer’s Requirements – Pt 3
331
PS01 AFC
343
TS01 Architecture
332
PS02 AVLS
344
TS02 Civil Structures
333
PS03 Communications
345
TS03 Depot Design & Buildings
334
PS04 Depot Workshop Equipment
346
TS04 Earthworks
335
PS05 Operational Signage
347
TS05 Non Operational Signage
336
PS06 Operations Control Centre
348
TS06 Lifts and Escalators
337
PS07 Road Traffic System
349
TS07 MEP
338
PS08 Rolling Stock
350
TS08 Track
339
PS09 SCADA
340
PS10 Signalling
341
PS11 Traction Power
342
PS12 UPS
Slide No: 55
Employer’s Requirements – Pt 3 (Cont)
PM & SE Management
‘V’ Model Applied CLIENT Requirements
*Validation
Employer Aspirations / High Level Specifications
USER/SYSTEM Requirements
PHASE 8 Trial Running
Validation
RFP
*Validation
[Issued by ICP or empowered Government Agency]
SYSTEM ACCEPTANCE [‘The Railway as a system’ proven by Client O&M entity]
Handover
* Functional & Operational Specifications
Design & Performance Apportionment
*Validation
Performance & Technical Specs
DESIGN DESIGN
PHASE 3 Post Installation PHASE 2 IRNs PHASE 1 Production Tests
DESIGN DESIGN
X S# PB #7 S PB # 6 S PB #5 S PB
4 S# 3 PB S # PB S #2 1 PB S # PB
Product Breakdown Structure for Subsystem Definition.
Whitmore
Slide No: 56
PHASE 4 Standalone Tests
Dynamic Integration Tests [Site Acceptance Tests]
Static Integration Tests
SubSystem Specification
PHASE 1 Civils: Infrastructure Facilities Inspections PHASE 1 Systems: FAT-C, FAT-SS
SubSystem Verification
SUBSYSTEM Definition
PHASE 6 Dynamic Integration PHASE 5 Static Integration
PB S PB #4 S PB #3 S PB # 2 S# 1
Subsystem Requirements
Validation
# PB X S# PB 7 S PB # 6 S# 5
Contractors
SYSTEM Design
PHASE 7 Test Running
Validation
PB S
The Engineer
SYSTEM Specifications
System Verification
A P P O R T I O N M E N T
OPERATOR CERTIFICATE(S)
Revenue Service
Manufacturing & Installation
* All validation & verification is by directional
V E R I F I C A T I O N
*
PM & SE Management
Systems Assurance
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management
• The objective is to deliver an effective, efficient, safe operational railway. – People (competent) – Product (proven, tested) – Process (repeatable, safe)
Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 57
PM & SE Management
Critical Considerations • Glossary of Terms • Interface Management – Who best knows subsystem interfaces?
• Transverse Specifications – – – –
Slide No: 58
RAMS N&V EMC Earthing & bonding
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management
Recap • Discuss the philosophy of railway project management and systems engineering.
Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap Systems Engineering Definitions
• Discuss project attributes and the criticality of: Stakeholders, Requirements Management, V&V, EN 50126 & ISO 15288, Performance Specifications & the project Glossary of Terms Slide No: 59
Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
PM & SE Management Overview Objectives Typical Project Project Management Project Attributes Recap
Questions
Systems Engineering Definitions Requirements
Assurance Critical Considerations Recap
Slide No: 60
