Rufus Isaacs, MSU, Joy Landis, MSU-IPM Program. Julie Doll, KBS LTER. Rebecca Finneran, Nicky Rothwell, Terry McLean, Hannah Stevens,. Ron Goldy MSU ...
Role of Landscape Design in Mitigating Agricultural Intensification
Douglas A. Landis Department of Entomology & Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing, MI USA
Outline Impacts of agricultural intensification Knowledge needed for effective landscape design Examples of design processes
Agricultural Landscapes
Tscharntke et al. Ecology Letters 2005
The Challenge Human population, food & energy demands Cropland & pasture/grazing occupies 38% of the ice-free land surface Foley et al . 2011 Nature
Cropland
In many of these areas humans are already appropriating >50% of NPP Haberl et al. 2007 PNAS Grazing
Intensification of agriculture has been linked to declines in… Biodiversity
Functional Diversity
•
Plants (Geiger et al. 2010)
•
Arthropods (Hendrickx et al. 2007)
•
Birds (Donald et al. 2001)
Ecosystem Services
•
Mammals (Sotherton 1998)
•
Pollination (Kremen et al. 2002, Garibaldi et al. 2011, Deguines et al 2014)
•
Biocontrol (Bianchi et al. 2006, Chaplin-Kramer et al. 2011)
•
Birds, mammals (Flynn et al. 2009)
Ecosystem Services from Agricultural Landscapes
Supporting Provisioning Regulating Cultural
Goal: Restore integrity
Increase functionality
Sustainably intensify?
Knowledge to effectively design agricultural landscapes
Biodiversity
Ecosystem Function
Ecosystem Services
Natural enemy community
Predation, parasitism
Pest regulation, yield increase
Resilience
Sustainability
Knowledge to effectively design agricultural landscapes n=60 studies from 2013-14 Regional
Landscape
Field Margin
Within Crop
3
0
0
Biodiversity 17
Ecosystem 7 Function
Ecosystem 1 Services
Natural enemy community
Predation, parasitism
Pest regulation, yield increase
28 9
14 4
3
1
Resilience
None
Sustainability
Recent Meta-analyses Insects and agricultural landscape structure 5 meta-analyses
Bianchi et al. 2006
Chaplin-Kramer et al. 2011
Veres et al. 2013
Shackelford et al. 2013
Martinson & Fagan 2014
Trends in Meta-analyses Biodiversity, Community Structure
Ecosystem Function
Ecosystem Services
Resilience, Sustainability
↑landscape complexity (non-crop habitat) ↑ natural enemies abundance, diversity ↓↔ pest abundance, ↑ pest diversity ↑predation/parasitism ↓pest population growth
↓herbivory ↔ plant damage (but tends to be ↓) Bianchi et al. 2006 Chaplin-Kramer et al. 2011 Veres et al. 2013 Shackelford et al. 2013 Martinson & Fagan 2014
no data T. Rand paper #1587 Tuesday
Additional Trends Both local and landscape scales are important Common scale of response for natural enemies 700-2000m
Implies that in most landscapes, some level of cooperative action by stakeholders will be necessary to effect change
Current Status of Agricultural Landscape Design Landscape ecologists call for a “design focus” Nassauer and Opdam 2008 Opdam et al. 2013
Processes are transdisciplinary and involve multiple stakeholders Often driven by broader issues Landscape preservation, water quality Insect biodiversity is not the focus but can be accommodated
Examples of Landscape Design Hoeksche Waard, The Netherlands Steingröver et al. 2010
Agriculture and tourism Water quality, bird habitat Threatened by development
Hoeksche Waard cont. Engaged multi-stakeholder group “Robust and fine elements” “Green-blue network”
Steingröver et al. 2010
Examples cont. Midwest Bioenergy Landscapes Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota Landscape-Scale Learning Laboratories “LandLabs” Jordan et al. 2013
Research on sustainability of bioenergy crop choices Develop decision support tools Smartscape http://dss.wei.wisc.edu
Pilot stakeholder engagement
Common threads in re-design projects External driving factors Social, policy, environmental
Use of “boundary objects” Land use maps, scenarios Decision support tools Games
Contributions of multiple disciplines e.g. Evaluation of “agglomeration bonus”: Economics Performance of social networks: Sociology
Conclusions Re-design of agricultural landscapes is needed to mitigate negative impacts of intensification on arthropod-mediated ecosystem services Collectively, we already know a lot But need additional studies at longer temporal and greater spatial scales
Achieving landscape redesign will require engaging with multiple stakeholders
Acknowledgements GLBRC Biodiversity Team Birds Doug Schemske Bruce Robertson Patrick Doran Biocontrol Services Doug Landis Mary Gardiner Ben Werling Claudio Gratton Tim Meehan Hannah Gaines
MSU MSU TNC MSU MSU MSU UW UW UW
USDA RAMP Collaborators Pollination Services Rufus Isaacs Julianna Wilson Plant Biodiversity Kay Gross Carol Baker Pam Mosley Microbial Biodiversity Thomas Schmidt Tracy Teal
MSU MSU MSU MSU MSU MSU MSU
Claudio Gratton Matt O’Neal ISU George Heimpel Chris DiFonzo Nick Schmidt ISU Emily MuellerUW Jeremy Chacon Kevin Johnson Alejandro Costamagna David Ragsdale
UW UMN MSU
UMN ISU UMN UMN
Native Plants & Ecosystem Services Collaborators Rufus Isaacs, MSU, Joy Landis, MSU-IPM Program Julie Doll, KBS LTER Rebecca Finneran, Nicky Rothwell, Terry McLean, Hannah Stevens, Ron Goldy MSU Extension
http://www.landislab.ent.msu.edu ResearchGate: Doug Landis
