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Brief Research Article
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, Impaired Fasting Glucose, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and its Correlates among Police Personnel in Bankura District of West Bengal Pranav Kumar1, *Debabrata Mallik2, Dipta Kanti Mukhopadhyay3, Apurba Sinhababu4, Banamali Sinha Mahapatra5, Phalguni Chakrabarti6 1
Superintendent of Police, Bankura, 2Demonstrator, 3Assistant Professor, 4Professor & Head, 5Professor, Department of Community Medicine, 6 Demonstrator, Department of Biochemistry, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, India
Summary A cross-sectional study was conducted among police personnel (N = 1817) in Bankura District, West Bengal, India to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and its correlates during July-November, 2011. Participants were enquired about their age, gender, physical activity, and predominant occupational activity. Diagnosis of DM, IFG, and IGT was based on a history, fasting, and 2-h post-load blood glucose estimation as per World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP) were estimated. Out of 1817 subjects, DM was found in 15%, 1.1% had IFG and 5.7% had IGT. Age >50 years, family history of diabetes, hypertension, and abdominal obesity were found to be significantly associated with DM and IGT, whereas IFG was significantly associated with the family history of diabetes and hypertension. High prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetic condition warrants early effective intervention to keep the police force healthy and agile.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Impaired fasting glucose, Impaired glucose tolerance, Police personnel
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is emerging as a major healthcare challenge for India. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, India had 32 million diabetic subjects in the year 2000 and this number would increase to 80 million by the year 2030.1 Prevalence of diabetes across various occupational groups and its relationship with occupational factors is a topic of recent interest. Police work is considered as inherently stressful on account of several factors such as long and unpredictable hours of work, constant exposure to traumatic situations, dealing with anti-social elements, *Corresponding Author: Dr. Debabrata Mallik, 1483, R.N. Tagore Road, Dumdum, Kolkata - 77, West Bengal, India. E-mail:
[email protected]
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Website: www.ijph.in DOI: 10.4103/0019-557X.111364 PMID: ***
strong disciplinary mechanism, etc.2 Occupational stress can alter blood glucose levels in an undesirable manner and can affect the management of dysglycemia and its complications.3 Therefore, early detection of those states also provides an opportunity for preventive actions including appropriate life-style modifications. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of DM, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and its correlates among police personnel in Bankura District, West Bengal. A cross-sectional community based study was conducted among all police personnel of Bankura District of West Bengal during July-November; 2011. Total 19 camps were conducted to cover all the study subjects of 78 police stations/outposts of Bankura Districts on predefined dates. After obtaining informed consent, study participants were interviewed to collect information about gender and age, duration of formal education, and length of service in completed years. Moderate intensity leisure time physical activity such as brisk walking and cycling for more than 30 min a day for at least 5 days in a week was taken as regular physical activity.4
Indian Journal of Public Health, Volume 57, Issue 1, January-March, 2013
[Downloaded free from http://www.ijph.in on Monday, April 9, 2018, IP: 37.55.200.19] Kumar, et al.: Diabetic Scenario among Police Personnel
Predominant occupational activities were categorized as sitting and standing as reported by the participants. Body weight (to the nearest 0.5 kg) and height (to the nearest 0.5 cm) were measured following the standardized procedure with the bathroom scale and anthropometer rod. Waist circumference (WC) was measured around the midpoint between iliac crest and lower rib cage by flexible, metal, non-stretchable measuring tape, in the standing position. Body mass index (BMI) of 2324.99 kg/m2 and >25 kg/m2 for both sexes were used to determine the overweight and obesity.5 WC 90 cm in male and 80 cm in female were considered as cutoff point for diagnosing abdominal obesity.5 Blood pressure (BP) was recorded on right arm by mercury sphygmomanometer in a sitting position after 5 min rest. An average of three readings measured at an interval of 5 min was taken. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg was regarded as the criteria for hypertension.6 Subjects on anti-hypertensive treatment were also considered as hypertensive in the present study. Blood samples with the sodium fluoride for fasting and 2-h post-load blood glucose (75 g) was collected by venipuncture and was estimated by glucose oxidase peroxidase method by XL 300 (Trans Asia) machine. Diabetes was considered if fasting plasma glucose (FPG) value was >126 mg/dL and/ or 2-h post-load plasma glucose value was >200 mg/dL and/or (s)he was a known diabetic. IFG was diagnosed if FPG was 110-125 mg/dL and 2-hour. post-load glucose (2-hour. PG) was 80 cm in F
