International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research (IJBR) ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278–599X, Vol-7, Issue-4, 2016, pp2235-2242 http://www.bipublication.com Research Article
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the Iranian elderly people: Results from AHAP study
Mohammad Ali Bayani1, Elham Yazdani2, Ahmad Karkhah3, Simin Moodi1, Ali Bijani1 and Seyed Reza Hosseini1* 1
Department of Community Medicine, Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Centre, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, 2 School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 3 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran *Corresponding Author:
[email protected] [Received-27/11/2015, Accepted-04/12/2015, Published-29/12/2015]
ABSTRACT Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is classically defined as a cluster of risk factors, such as central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and premature mortality. This is the first study conducted to compare the prevalence of MetS and its components in elderly population according to four diagnostic methods. This observational-analytic research is a part of the large scale community-based AHAP study. 1562 individuals were invited to this study: 865 (55.2%) male and 703 (44.8%) female. Data were collected by standard questionnaires, physical examination and blood tests. In addition, metabolic syndrome was defined according to four sets of definition. Our findings demonstrated that BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride level were significantly higher in MetS group, whereas LDL and HDL-cholesterol were not. According to Iranian definition of MetS, 1160 persons (74.3%) had metabolic syndrome and the percentage of MetS patients was higher than other three definition sets. The highest prevalence of MetS was observed in females in the age group of 65- 74 and the lowest in males in the age group of 85- 99 years old. Our results represent that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the elderly population especially in older women of Amirkola, northern Iran, is much more than other previous researches in Iran and other countries. Therefore, proper interventional programs should be planned and performed soon. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Elderly, Amirkola, Four diagnostic criteria
INTRODUCTION The Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is classically defined as a cluster of risk factors, such as central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases (1, 2), cancers (3) and premature mortality (4). The concept of “Metabolic Syndrome” is important because of several reasons. First, it identifies patients who are at high risk of developing
atherosclerotic CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Second, by considering the relationships between the components of metabolic syndrome, we may be able to better understand their pathophysiology that links them together and with the increased risk of CVD (30, 31). In 2010, the age-adjusted prevalence of MetS (based on biologic thresholds) in the United States adults (≥ 20 years of age) was estimated 22.9% (95% CI:
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in the Iranian elderly people: Results from AHAP study
20.3% to 25.5%) (5), whereas in Iran, its prevalence has been estimated to be different ranging from 10% to 60% (2) in various geographic regions (2, 6-15). Many studies showed that the prevalence of MetS increases with age and considerably was higher in women than men (2, 8, 10, 11, 12,16). Moreover, MetS had a relatively high prevalence in Iranian elderly people, especially in elderly women (12). In the previous researches in Iran, the prevalence of MetS has been reported 41.9-55.4% in the people over 60 years of age (12, 14, 15). There are different worldwide definitions for metabolic syndrome such as Iranian, IDF and WHO definitions, National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), ATP III and its revised version (17-20). Although the sensitivity of some definitions is more than the others, the impact of different definitions on the prevalence of organ damage, cardiometabolic risk and cardiovascular events is not much different (32). In the previous studies, the prevalence of MetS in the elderly population was assessed based on these various diagnostic methods (23-27). Because the prevalence of MetS has not been estimated according to four diagnostic criteria, therefore, this is the first study conducted to compare the prevalence of MetS and its components in elderly population according to four diagnostic methods.
Weight measurement was conducted with a calibrated scale (Seca digital scale) which its error was less than 0.1 kg. Participants were asked to remove their heavy outer garments and shoes. The height was measured with a calibrated height rule which its error was less than 5mm. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated from weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters and classified according to WHO recommended cut-off- points;
