PROCEEDINGS of the International Conference on ...





352&((',1*6





  

RIWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ

*5281':$7(5,1 )5$&785('52&.6 ([WHQGHG$EVWUDFWV   ±6HSWHPEHU 3UDJXH&]HFK5HSXEOLF



(GLWHGE\ -LĜt.UiVQê=E\QČN+UNDODQG-LĜt%UXWKDQV   

-RLQWO\FRQYHQHGE\ x x x x

,$+&RPPLVVLRQRQ+DUGURFN+\GURJHRORJ\ ,$+&]HFK1DWLRQDO&RPPLWWHH &KDUOHV8QLYHUVLW\3UDJXH &]HFK$VVRFLDWLRQRI+\GURJHRORJLVWV

 

,+39,6(5,(621*5281':$7(51R

$OO WKH H[WHQGHG DEVWUDFWV LQ WKH 3URFHHGLQJV ZHUH UHSURGXFHG IURP FDPHUDUHDG\ YHUVLRQV VXEPLWWHG E\ WKH DXWKRUV 2QO\ WHFKQLFDO DUUDQJHPHQWV DQG FKDQJHV DV HYLGHQWPLVSULQWVDQGVSHOOLQJHUURUVZHUHFDUULHGRXWGXULQJHGLWLQJ 7KH HGLWRUV DQG WKH 2UJDQLVLQJ &RPPLWWHH WDNH QR UHVSRQVLELOLW\ IRU DQ\ HUURU DQG RPLVVLRQRUIRUWKHRSLQLRQVRIWKHDXWKRUV   7HFKQLFDOHGLWRUV-LĜt%UXWKDQVDQG-DQD%UXWKDQVRYi

      )5217&29(5,//8675$7,216

'HYLO¶V:DOO6RXWK%RKHPLDDUHDRIWKH3UH&RQIHUHQFH([FXUVLRQDERYHOHIW .DUORY\ 9DU\ 6SD :HVW %RKHPLD YLVLWHG GXULQJ WKH 3RVW&RQIHUHQFH ([FXUVLRQ  EHORZ ULJKW3KRWR-LĜt.UiVQê   'HYLO¶V:DOO 'HEULVRIJUDQLWHERXOGHUVDQGURFNEORFNVRQWKHVORSHRIWKH9OWDYD5LYHU9DOOH\

7KHVLWHLVORFDWHGDWWKHERXQGDU\EHWZHHQWKHSHQHSODQHRIWKHâXPDYD0WVDQGWKHGHHSO\HURGHG âXPDYDSLHGPRQWUHJLRQ7KHSHQHSODQHLVDSURGXFWRIDORQJWHUPEDVHOHYHOOLQJWKDWKDGRFFXUUHG DIWHUWKH9DULVFDQRURJHQ\7HFWRQLFUHMXYHQDWLRQRIWKH%RKHPLDQ0DVVLIVWDUWHGGXULQJ&HQR]RLFGXH WR $OSLQH&DUSDWKLDQ RURJHQLF DFWLYLWLHV KDYLQJ RFFXUUHG LQ WKH VRXWKHUQ DQG VRXWKHDVWHUQ FORVH YLFLQLW\RIWKH%RKHPLDQ0DVVLI&RQVHTXHQWO\JHQHUDOXSOLIWRIWKH%RKHPLDQ0DVVLIDVDZKROHDQG RILWVSDUWLFXODUWHFWRQLFEORFNVUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHSUHVHQWGD\PRXQWDLQUHJLRQVDVWKHâXPDYD0WV KDVVWDUWHG7KLVXSOLIWZDVDFFRPSDQLHGE\LQWHQVLYHHURVLRQ 'HYLO¶V:DOORFFXUVLQDQDUHDUHDFKHGE\WKH4XDWHUQDU\UHWURJUHVVLYHHURVLRQRIWKH9OWDYD5LYHUDQG ZKHUH ULYHU UDSLGV KDYH DULVHQ 3UHYDLOLQJ PHFKDQLFDO ZHDWKHULQJ GXULQJ LFH DJHV UHVXOWHG LQ URFN EORFNILHOGVIURVWFOLIIVDQGRWKHUODQGVFDSHIHDWXUHVW\SLFDOIRUDSHULJODFLDOHQYLURQPHQW 5HFKDUJHSRVVLELOLWLHVLQWKHVHDUHDVDUHHQRUPRXVEXWJURXQGZDWHUWKURXJKIORZVYHU\UDSLGO\WKURXJK VXFKZHDWKHUHG]RQHV



.DUORY\9DU\6SD

7KHPDLQWKHUPDOVSULQJLQWKH.DUORY\9DU\6SDWHPSHUDWXUH&

:HVW%RKHPLDLVYHU\ULFKLQPLQHUDODQGWKHUPDOZDWHUV7KLVDUHDDFTXLUHGDZRUOGZLGHUHSXWDWLRQ WKDQNVWRWKHVSDVDPRQJZKLFK.DUORY\9DU\0DULiQVNp/i]QČDQG)UDQWLãNRY\/i]QČDUHWKHPRVW IDPRXVIRUPLQJVRFDOOHG³:HVW%RKHPLDQ6SDWULDQJOH´*UHDWDPRXQWRIPLQHUDOZDWHURFFXUUHQFHV LVGLVSHUVHGLQWKHLUZLGHHQYLURQVDQGLQWKHQHLJKERXULQJ*HUPDQWHUULWRU\DVZHOOLQ%DYDULDDQG 6D[RQLD &KHPLFDOW\SHRIWKHVHPLQHUDOZDWHUVFKDUDFWHULVWLFRISUHYDLOLQJDQGXVXDOO\KLJKFRQWHQW RIVRGLXPVXOSKDWHVFKORULGHVDQGELFDUERQDWHVDQGXVXDOO\FRQWDLQLQJFDUERQGLR[LGHLVNQRZQDV VR FDOOHG Ä.DUORY\ 9DU\ &DUOVEDG  W\SH RI PLQHUDO ZDWHUV´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

 

,6%1; 



,,

 

6FLHQWLILF$GYLVRU\&RPPLWWHH 

$OLFH$XUHOL  81(6&2 'DYLG%DQNV   8. *LRYDQQL%DUURFX ,WDO\ (ORL&DPSRV   %UD]LO -RKQ&KLOWRQ  8. 3HWHU&RRN   $XVWUDOLD (PLOLR&XVWRGLR  6SDLQ 0LULDP)HQGHNRYi  6ORYDNLD .HQ+RZDUG&DQDGD *HUW.QXWVVRQ 6ZHGHQ 3DWULFN/DFKDVVDJQH )UDQFH 6LPRQ/|Z   6ZLW]HUODQG (ULN5RKU7RUS 1RUZD\ (VD5|QNl   )LQODQG $ODLQ5RXOHDX  &DQDGD .ODXV3HWHU6HLOHU  *HUPDQ\ -DFN6KDUS   86$ ,DQ6LPPHUV 1HWKHUODQGV %%66LQJKDO ,QGLD 6WDQLVáDZ6WDĞNR 3RODQG ,QJULG6WREHU *HUPDQ\ *HRUJHV6WRXUQDUDV*UHHFH *HRUJ7HXWVFK *HUPDQ\ 8ZH7U|JHU  *HUPDQ\ &KLQ)X7VDQJ  86$ *HUULWYDQ7RQGHU  6RXWK$IULFD 0LUDQ9HVHOLþ  6ORYHQLD )HUPtQ9LOODUUR\D  6SDLQ &OLII9RVV   86$ -DURVODY9UED  &]HFK5HSXEOLF 6WHIDQ:RKQOLFK  *HUPDQ\ *HRII:ULJKW   ,UHODQG )ORULDQ=DPILUHVFX  5RPDQLD ,JRU=HNWVHU 5XVVLD    

/RFDO2UJDQLVLQJ&RPPLWWHH 

 



-LĜt.UiVQê =E\QČN+UNDO±&RFKDLUPHQ(GLWRUVRIWKH&RQIHUHQFH3URFHHGLQJV -LĜt.UiVQê±6FLHQWLILF3URJUDPPH =E\QČN+UNDO±7UHDVXUHU /RJLVWLFV3RVWHU6HVVLRQ -LĜt%UXWKDQV±(GLWRURIWKH&RQIHUHQFH3URFHHGLQJV7HFKQLFDO(GLWLQJ -DURPtUâDQWUĤþHN±7HFKQLFDO([FXUVLRQV(GLWRURI([FXUVLRQ*XLGHV -RVHI'DWHO±3XEOLFLW\ 6SRQVRUVKLS&RPPHUFLDO([KLELWLRQ 'DQLHO.DOLQD±0HPEHU 5DGND%XGVNi±0HPEHU

,,,



35()$&(

)UDFWXUHG LJQHRXV PHWDPRUSKLF DQG ZHOO FRQVROLGDWHG VHGLPHQWDU\ URFNV ³KDUG URFNV³  RFFXU LQ PDQ\ UHJLRQV DOO RYHU WKH ZRUOG 7KH\ RIWHQ RFFXU LQ ODUJH DUHDV  VKLHOGV DQG PDVVLIVDQGLQFRUHVRIPDMRUPRXQWDLQUDQJHV7KHLURXWFURSVFRYHUPRUHWKDQSHUFHQW RI WKH SUHVHQW ODQG VXUIDFH LH DSSUR[LPDWHO\  PLOOLRQ VT NLORPHWUHV 'XULQJ SDVW GHFDGHV QR DGHTXDWH DWWHQWLRQ KDG EHHQ SDLG WR JURXQGZDWHU LQ WKLV K\GURJHRORJLF HQYLURQPHQW H[FHSW IRU VRPH DULG DQG VHPLDULG UHJLRQV ZKHUH XQGHU W\SLFDO QRQ DYDLODELOLW\ RI VXUIDFH ZDWHU ERGLHV JURXQGZDWHU KDV WUDGLWLRQDOO\ UHSUHVHQWHG WKH RQO\ VRXUFH IRU ZDWHU VXSSO\ :DWHU GHPDQG KDV RIWHQ VWLPXODWHG LQWHQVLYH K\GURJHRORJLF LQYHVWLJDWLRQVWKHUH 'XULQJ WKH ODVW GHFDGH KRZHYHU LQFUHDVLQJ LQWHUHVW LQ KDUGURFN K\GURJHRORJ\ KDV EHHQQRWHGEHFDXVHRIPDQ\SUHVHQWGD\LVVXHVWKDWVXEVWDQWLDWHWKHSUDFWLFDOLPSRUWDQFH RIJURXQGZDWHULQKDUGURFNVHYHQLQWHPSHUDWHFOLPDWLF]RQHV ¾1DWXUDO JURXQGZDWHU UHVRXUFHV RI KDUGURFN UHJLRQV PDLQO\ WKRVH RULJLQDWLQJ LQ PRXQWDLQVKDYHEHHQSURYHGKLJKHQRXJKWRPDLQWDLQIORZRIZDWHUFRXUVHVLQDGMDFHQW SLHGPRQW ]RQHV GXULQJ GU\ SHULRGV 1DWXUDO JURXQGZDWHU UHVRXUFHV  QDWXUDO UHFKDUJH  VRPHWLPHV ZLWK LQGXFHG DQGRU DUWLILFLDO UHVRXUFHV UHSUHVHQW WKH XSSHU OLPLW IRU JURXQGZDWHUDEVWUDFWLRQDQGVXVWDLQDEOHZDWHUPDQDJHPHQW ¾$VWRJURXQGZDWHUDEVWUDFWLRQXQGHUUHFHQWJHQHUDOWUHQGVRIZDWHUGHPDQGLQFUHDVH DGHTXDWHO\VLWHGZDWHUZHOOVRURWKHUZDWHULQWDNHV\VWHPVLQKDUGURFNDUHDVW\SLFDOO\FDQ FRYHU UHTXLUHPHQWV RQ ZDWHU VXSSO\ IRU VPDOO FRPPXQLWLHV SODQWV RU IDUPV DQG IRU GRPHVWLF ZDWHU FRQVXPSWLRQ ,Q VRPH DUHDV JURXQGZDWHU DEVWUDFWLRQ SRVVLELOLWLHV DUH KLJKHQRXJKWRVXSSO\HYHQVPDOOWRZQV6LWLQJRIZDWHUZHOOVLQRSHQIUDFWXUHV\VWHPVRU WKLFNSHUPHDEOHRYHUEXUGHQDQGGHSWKUHODWHGFKDQJHVLQURFNSHUPHDELOLW\HQDEOLQJWR DVVHVVHFRQRPLFDOO\DGHTXDWHGHSWKRIZHOOVDUHVRPHRIWKHLPSRUWDQWLVVXHV ¾0DQ\VLGHG SUREOHPV DUH FRQQHFWHG ZLWK JURXQGZDWHU SROOXWLRQ DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO SURWHFWLRQ ,PSDFWV RI LQGXVWULDOLVDWLRQ DQG XUEDQLVDWLRQ VXSHUILFLDO ODQGILOOV DQG GHHS KD]DUGRXVZDVWHUHSRVLWRULHVRIIHUWLOLVHUVDQGSHVWLFLGHVXVHGLQDJULFXOWXUHRQVRLOURFN DQG ZDWHU PXVW EH PRQLWRUHG DQG UHGXFHG LQ KDUGURFN HQYLURQPHQW WRR &KDUDFWHU RI JURXQGZDWHUIORZDQGFRQWDPLQDQWWUDQVSRUWDUHGHFLVLYHIRUVLWLQJRIZDVWHUHSRVLWRULHV ¾&OHDU K\GURJHRORJLF XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DQG TXDQWLWDWLYH K\GURJHRORJLF DVVHVVPHQWV DUH UHTXLUHGGXULQJYDULRXVW\SHVRIJHRWHFKQLFDODQGHQJLQHHULQJJHRORJLFDODFWLYLWLHVDV FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WXQQHOV XQGHUJURXQG FDYLWLHV HWF DQG LQ PLQLQJ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKHVH GDWD UHSUHVHQW DQ LPSRUWDQW DQG XVHIXO IHHGEDFN WR UHVXOWV SURYLGHG E\ RWKHU K\GURJHRORJLFPHWKRGRORJLHVDQGWHFKQLTXHV ¾5HVXOWV RI UHFHQWO\ GULOOHG GHHS ERUHKROHV LQ FU\VWDOOLQH URFNV UHRSHQHG WKH LVVXH RI GHHSVHDWHGJURXQGZDWHUIORZDQGEULQHRFFXUUHQFHVDQGGLVFXVVLRQRQPLQHUDODQG WKHUPDOZDWHURULJLQWKDWDUHRIWHQFRQQHFWHGZLWKKDUGURFNV ¾,QFUHDVLQJ DPRXQW RI DYDLODEOH GDWD KDYH VWLPXODWHG HIIRUWV WR UHJLRQDOLVH DQG JHQHUDOLVH UHVXOWV IURP GLIIHUHQW K\GURJHRORJLF HQYLURQPHQWV .QRZOHGJH RI KLHUDUFK\RILQKRPRJHQHLW\HOHPHQWVDQGRIDVFDOHHIIHFWLQIOXHQFLQJVSDWLDOGLVWULEXWLRQ RI K\GUDXOLF SURSHUWLHV HQDEOHV VLPSOLI\ UHDO FRQGLWLRQV ZKHQ GHILQLQJ FRQFHSWXDO DQG QXPHULFDOPRGHOVRIJURXQGZDWHUIORZDQGVROXWHWUDQVSRUW ¾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



9

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³*URXQGZDWHU LQ )UDFWXUHG 5RFNV´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³KDUG URFNV´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Ĝt.UiVQêDQG=E\QČN+UNDO &RFKDLUPHQRIWKH2UJDQLVLQJ&RPPLWWHH 

9,

TABLE OF CONTENTS Keynote Lectures BOCANEGRA Emilia, CARDOSO Gerson: Groundwater exploitation in fractured rocks in South America . . .3 CUSTODIO Emilio: Hydrologeogical similitarities and differences between volcanic and hard rocks . . . . . . . . .5 FAILLACE Costantino: Hydrogeology of hard rocks in some eastern and western African countries . . . . . . . . .7 ISSAR Arie S: The Biblical story of Moses striking the rock to get water the first report on water in fissured rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 LÖW Simon: Anthropogenic effects on flow systems in fractured rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 SHAPIRO Allen M: The effect of scale on the magnitude of formation properties governing fluid movement and chemical transport in fractured rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 TEUTSCH Georg, SAUTER Martin: Fractured Rock Aquifer-Analogue: research concept and project implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Topic 1: Hydrogeologic environment of fractured rocks AHOKAS Henry: Summary of hydraulic conductivity measurements and differences between different methods in boreholes KR1 - KR10 at Olkiluoto, Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 ALBUQUERQUE José do P T: Contribution to the understanding of crystalline systems as aquifers: the experience of the State of Paraíba, northeast Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 ANISSIMOV Leonid, KILYAKOV Vladimir, SHEIKINA Angelina: Hydrogeology of fractured dolomite reservoir: Devonian reef complex, Volgograd Region, Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 BAE Dae-seok, KOH Yong-kwon, KIM Kyung-su, KIM Chun-soo, KIM Geon-young: Hydrogeological and hydrochemical conditions of a deep groundwater system in the Yuseong granitic rock area, Korea . . . . . . .25 BARROCU Giovanni: Hydrogeology of granite rocks in Sardinia (Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 BLOOMFIELD John P, BUTLER Adrian P, COBBING Jude E, GALLAGHER Alex, GRIFFITHS Kate, MOREAU Magali, WILLIAMS Ann T, PEACH Denis W, BINLEY Andrew: Flow heterogeneity in the fractured Chalk aquifer of southern England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 BREILIN Olli, TIKKANEN Jaakko, KESOLA Reino, LEVEINEN Jussi, MURSU Juha: Groundwater from crystalline bedrock in municipal of Leppävirta in southeast Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 BRITO NEVES Benjamim B: Geotectonics and groundwater in Precambrian rocks: the experience of the semiarid Northeast Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 CAMPOS José E G, TRÖGER Uwe: The conceptual model of two "potenciometric surfaces” in fractured rock aquifers overlain by thick soil coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 CARRASCO Francisco, ANDREO Bartolomé, VADILLO Iñaki: Hydrogeological characterization of low-permeability rocks in the north Africa (Ceuta, Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 CHAMBEL António, KRÁSNÝ Jirí, SASTRE MERLÍN Antonio, DUQUE Jorge: Comparing transmissivity classes of hard-rock aquifers in the of Iberian area and the Bohemian Massif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 CHO Minjoe, HA Kyoo-Chul, CHOI Young-Sup, KEE Weon-Seo, LACHASSAGNE Patrick, WYNS Robert: Relationship between the permeability of hard-rock aquifers and their weathered cover based on geological and hydrogeological observations in South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 CHOURASIA L P: Groundwater exploration in a part of hard-rock terrain of Central India using fracture–pattern modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 DARKO Philip K, KRÁSNÝ Jirí: Regional transmissivity distribution and groundwater potential in hard rocks of Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

VII

DASH Sudhir: Occurrence of groundwater in hard-rock terrains of Sundargarh District, Orissa, India . . . . . . .47 DE LA LOSA Almudena, LÓPEZ Mª Teresa, MARTÍNEZ Pedro Emilio, MONTERO Esperanza, REDONDO Clara, VILLARROYA Fermín, YÉLAMOS Javier G: Experimental catchment in a hard-rock environment: application to Guadarrama Mountain (Central System, Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 DOMONEY Reginald, DAVIDS Sean, FIELIES Anthony: Fracture analysis for groundwater targeting in the Kamieskroon region of South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 DUQUE Jorge, ALMEIDA Carlos: Hydrogeometrical aspects of the gabbro of the Beja Aquifer System . . . . .53 EFTIMI Romeo: A comparative study of the hydraulic parameters and the yield of wells of some sedimentary hard rocks of Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 ENACHESCU C, MOLNAR P, WOZNIEWICZ J: Hydraulic characterisation of the Uveghuta granite in Bataapati, Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 ESPOSITO Luigi, NAPPI Michele, PISCOPO Vincenzo, SCESI Laura: Effect of depth on discontinuity aperture: the example of St. Aloisio mine (Northern Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 FERNANDES Amélia João: The influence of Cenozoic tectonics on the groundwater-production capacity and vulnerability of fractured rocks: a case study in Sao Paulo, Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 HENRIKSEN Helge: Extraction of information about well characteristics of hardrock aquifers from GIS-based hydrogeological databases: example from Fennoscandia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 HUNG L Q, BATELAAN O, SAN D N: Lineament analysis in fractured rocks, methodology and application to the Suoimuoi karst catchment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 ISSAR Arie S: The Table Mountain Group of South Africa: a fissured aquifer of regional importance . . . . . . . .67 JAYAWARDENA Upali de S: The availability of groundwater in crystalline rocks of Kandy area, Sri Lanka . .69 KARAMI Gholam H, YOUNGER Paul L: A novel approach to the assessment of flow type in karst aquifers by evaluation of conventional test-pumping data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 MARÉCHAL Jean-Christophe, WYNS Robert, LACHASSAGNE Patrick, SUBRAHMANYAM Kambhampati: Vertical anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity in hard-rock aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 MAYO Alan L, NELSON Stephen, TINGEY David, DUTSON Sarah, HARRIS Ron: Flux-induced solution weathering in a large displacement fault damage zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 MESSERSCHMID Clemens: Deep-seated aquicludes in a fractured carbonate environment, West Bank . . . . .77 MICHEK Robert, ŠÍMA Jirí, VOLNÁ Irena, ALAMEREW Demess, BELETE Yohanes: Hydrogeological study of the western lowlands and adjacent highlands of Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 MILENIC Dejan, ALLEN Alistair: The role of a fractured aquifer between two karstic systems: connection zone or groundwater barrier? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 MORENO Adriana, ATKINSON Tim C, SIMONS Richard R: Fracture networks: a case study from the Chalk aquifer in East Anglia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 PETITTA Marco,TALLINI Marco, BENEDETTI Giuseppina, DEL MONACO Francesco: Fracture pattern influence on groundwater discharge along the tectonic border of karst aquifers (Velino Valley, Central Italy) . .85 PRICE Michael: The origin and extent of some fissures in sandstones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 PULIDO-SILVA Gonzalo, BALLESTERO Thomas P, BARRERA María I, MARBET Hallie J, KINNER Nancy E: Developing a conceptual hydrogeological model for a fractured bedrock formation . . . . . .89 RAO Srinivasa Y: Analysis of fractures for groundwater resources identification and its management: an integrated approach using RS and GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 RIAHIPOUR M,KALANTARI A, ZARE M: Hydrogeological study of Saldoran fractured karstic aquifer in Zagros thrusted zone, Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 ROHR-TORP Erik: Groundwater yield in hard rocks south of Oslo, Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 SÁNCHEZ-NAVARRO J A, CABALLERO J, PÉREZ-GARCÍA A: Hydrogeological characterisation of Palaeozoic hard rocks of Vicort and Algairén ranges (province of Zaragoza, Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

VIII

STOBER Ingrid: Hydrogeologic properties of deep fractured aquifers in Germany: new data from longduration pumping tests in the Bruchsal geothermal wells and the KTB well at Oberpfalz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 STOJADINOVIC Dusan, ISAKOVIC Dusko: Groundwater in fractured rocks of the Kopaonik massif in the Republic of Serbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 STOURNARAS G, ALEXIADOU M Ch, LEONIDOPOULOU D: Correlation of hydrogeologic and tectonic characteristics of the hardrock aquifers in Tinos Island, Hellas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 SYSTRA Ylo J: Groundwater in fractured rocks of the Karelian Region (NW Russia) and Estonia . . . . . . . . .105 TRÖGER Uwe, CAMPOS GUIMARAES José E, PETERSEN Frederike, VÖCKLER Hendrik: Groundwater occurrence in fractured metamorhic rocks - quality and quantity: an example from North East Brazil . . . . . . .107 VASVÁRI Vilmos, KRIEGL Christian: Determination of hydraulic properties in fractured aquifers in Austria 109 VERMA N M: Groundwater modelling and bore selection in fractured rock environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 WATKINS David C: Determining a representative hydraulic conductivity of the Carnmenellis Granite of Cornwall, UK, based on a range of sources of information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 WILKES Shane M, REYNOLDS David, OTTO Claus J: Hydrogeological significance of fractures within the Augustus River catchment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 WINKLER Gerfried, KUPFERSBERGER Hans, STROBL Elmar: Estimating the change of fracture volume with depth at the Koralm Massive, Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 WRIGHT G R: Experience of fractured aquifers in Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Topic 2: Groundwater flow and resources in fractured rocks AHMED Shakeel, MARÉCHAL JC, SUBRAHMANYAM K, DEWANDEL B, LACHASSAGNE P. : Managing weathered-fractured aquifers in a semi-arid region under monsoon climatic conditions in India . . .123 BATH Adrian: Interpreting the evolution and stability of groundwaters in fractured rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 BENDER Steffen, DORSCH Klaus: Prediction of runoff changes in hard-rock regions using CUTTOS simulation tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 BOCKGÅRD Niclas, RODHE Allan: An experimental study of groundwater recharge to fractured bedrock . .129 BRIGHENTI Giovanni: Non-Darcian two-phase flow in fractured rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 BRUTHANS Jirí, ZEMAN Ondrej: Transit time in karst conduits, saturated and unsaturated zone: tracer tests and isotopic methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 BUCHTELE J, CURDA S, HRKAL Z, KRÁSNÝ J: New approach to using GIS in groundwater runoff assessment: the Krušné hory Mts., Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 CONRAD Julian, ADAMS Shafick, TITUS Rian: GIS based assessment of groundwater recharge in the fractured rocks of Namaqualand, South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 COOK Peter G : Groundwater ages in fractured rock aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 DARKO Philip K, KRÁSNÝ Jirí: Quantitative limits for groundwater exploitation under natural conditions in southwest Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 FASS Thorsten, REICHERT Barbara: Determining the groundwater recharge mode of a fractured migmatitic aquifer at local scale in Benin, West Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 HARIA Atul, SHAND Paul: Riparian groundwater processes in an upland fractured aquifer, mid-Wales, UK: Implications for stream flow generation and water quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 KRÁSNÝJirí: Important role of deep-seated hard rocks in a global groundwater flow: possible consequences 147 LARRUZEA Iker F, ANTIGÜEDAD Iñaki: Analysis of groundwater levels in Subijana Carbonate Unit (Basque Country) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 LEE Leonora J E, LAWRENCE Deborah S L, PRICE Michael: Analysis of recharge mechanisms in the English Chalk using cross-correlation functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151

IX

LIMAYE Shrikant D: Ensuring sustainability of wells through dry-season recharge from percolation tanks in hard-rock aquifer regions in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 MARÉCHAL Jean-Christophe, GALEAZZI Laurent, DEWANDEL Benoit, AHMED Shakeel: Spatial groundwater budget at the watershed scale in a hard-rock aquifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 MISSTEAR Bruce, FITZSIMONS Vincent: Groundwater recharge estimation in data-scarce fractured rock aquifers: examples from Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 MWAMI James: Groundwater recharge in central Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159 NAIK Pradeep K, AWASTHI Arun K: Groundwater resources development in the Decan trap country of the western Ghats, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 OMER Abdeen Mustafa: Focus on groundwater in Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 PALCSU László, SZÁNTÓ Zsuzsa, MOLNÁR Mihály, FUTÓ István, RINYU László, HORVÁTH István, FÓRIZS István: Isotope studies of a groundwater-flow system in granite, Middle Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 PANAGOPOULOS George, LAMBRAKIS Nikos: Groundwater responses to recharge and human-induced stresses in the Trifilia karst aquifer, Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 PANDA Bibhuti B, BANSBERG Richard, RUCKER Michael: Water storage and recovery project for sustainable groundwater resources in fractured hard-rock aquifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 RAMASESHA C S, REDDY M C: Planning of conjunctive use of surface and ground water in the Ghataprabha irrigation project through numerical groundwater model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 RUCH Christophe A, KUPFERSBERGER Hans: Modeling the groundwater flow over four years in a small alpine crystalline headwater catchment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 SHAND Paul, HARIA Atul: Surface-ground water interactions in an upland fractured aquifer system: implications for the role of groundwater in streamflow generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 ŠILAR Jan: Groundwater residence time in crystalline rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 SINGHAL Brij B S: Estimation of groundwater resources in hard-rock aquifers of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 STASKO Stanislaw: Groundwater occurrence in fractured rocks - spatial zonality and temporal changes (Experiment results from Sudety Mts. - Poland) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 TARKA Robert: Using recession curves to assess recharge in crystalline massif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 TENU A, DAVIDESCU F, PETRES R, COARNA Lacramioara, STANESCU Gabriela: Conceptual model of a regional karstic hydro-structure based mainly on a long-term isotopic survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185

Topic 3: Chemical, physical and isotope properties of groundwater in fractured rocks ADELANA Segun M A, OLASEHINDE Peter I, VRBKA Petr: Hydrochemical and environmental isotope properities of shallow groundwater of the Basement rock aquifer in Offa Area, SW Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 ARMAH Thomas E K, JØRGENSEN Niels O: Variable aquifer quality characteristics in the crystalline basement terrains in parts of southern Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 AURELI Aurelio, CARRIBBA Salvatore, Di PASQUALE Mario, MAZZURCO Nunzia, PRIVITERA Agata Maria G, SILLUZIO Carmela, TOSTO Stefania: Submarine springs and saltwater intrusion in fractured environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 BENDER Steffen: Low mineralized water: challenge for hydrochemical investigations in hard-rock areas . . .195 CHO Byong-Wook, SUNG Ig-Hwan, SONG Gyong-Sun, KIM Sang-Yeon, CHOO Chanf-Oh: Possibility of seawater intrusion in the Ulsan area, South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 FABBRI Paolo, TREVISANI Sebastiano: Temperature in the Geothermal Euganean basin: a simulated annealing approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199 FEURDEAN Lucia, FEURDEAN Victor, ZAMFIRESCU Florian, SARBU Serban: Evidence and constrains revealed by environmental stable isotopes in the chemoautotrophic system of the Movile Cave, Romania . . .201

X

FRENGSTAD Bjørn, BANKS David: Groundwater chemistry related to depth of shallow crystalline bedrock boreholes in Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 JØRGENSEN Niels Oluf, HEINEMEIER Jan: Isotope studies of saline groundwater in a sandstone aquifer on Bornholm, Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 KADLECOVÁ Renáta, BUZEK František, ÁK Karel: Isotopic study in karst-fractured aquifers: Bohemian Karst, Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 KAZEMI Gholam A: Quality and vulnerability of groundwater in the Shahrood District, Northeast Iran . . . . .209 KLOCKARS Joonas, LIPPONEN Annukka: Quality of bedrock groundwater in the communal supply wells of Leppävirta, eastern Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211 LIVSHITZ Yakov, ISSAR Arie S: Salinization of water in fractured chalk (Eocene aquifer, Negev, Israel) . . . .213 LOURENÇO Carla, RIBEIRO Luís: Characterization of mineral waters of Pedras Salgadas (North Portugal) by statistical methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 MARQUES José M, ANDRADE Mário, CARREIRA Paula M, GRAÇA Rui C, AIRES-BARROS Luís: Evolution of CO2-rich mineral waters from Hercynian granitic rocks, North Portugal: questions and answers 217 MARQUES José M, ESPINHA MARQUES Jorge, CARREIRA Paula M, ANDRADE Mário, GRAÇA Rui C, AIRES-BARROS Luís, CARVALHO José M, CHAMINÉ Helder I, BORGES Frederico S: An isotopic approach to sustain recharge sources of low-temperature geothermal waters, North Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 MORGAN Karina, JANKOWSKI Jerzy: Origin of salts in a fractured bedrock aquifer in the Central West Region, NSW, Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 TITUS Rian, XU Yongxin, ADAMS Shafick, PIETERSEN Kevin: The hydrochemical characteristics of basement aquifer systems in Namaqualand, South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223 TRÖGER Uwe, GAMBIER COSTA José F, HAESBAERT Fabio F: The thermal aquifer and the springs of the Serra de Caldas area - Goias, Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 VILHELM Zdenek: Upper Permian brine formation in the Czech part of the Bohemian Massif: paleohydrogeologic environment, hydraulic parameters estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 ZARE M, RAEISI R, JAFAR H, MOORE F: Hydrochemistry of the Shir-kuh granitoid hard-rock aquifer, Iran. Part 1: Spatial and Temporal Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229 ZARE M, RAEISI E, JAFAR H, MOORE F, KARAMPUR F: Hydrochemistry of the Shir-kuh granitoid hard-rock aquifer, Iran. Part 2: Mass balance study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Topic 4: Investigation and interpretation methods in fractured rocks environment ARMAH Thomas E K: Using digital elevation model analysis to augment satellite and aerial photo interpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 BETSON Mark, ROBINS Nick: Using permeability to estimate vulnerability to diffuse pollution on fractured aquifers in Scotland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 BRAUCHLER Ralf, LEVEN Carsten, DIETRICH Peter: Multivariate statistical approach for characterizing flow and transport processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 BRAUCHLER Ralf, LIEDL Rudolf, DIETRICH Peter: Identification of the diffusivity distribution by using a new hydraulic tomographic approach derived from travel time tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 BUNKER James V: Application of the oriented core drilling/sampling method to environmental site investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 CHAMBEL António, DUQUE Jorge, NASCIMENTO João: Hard-rock hydrogeology of the Alentejo Region (South Portugal): new cartography based on results of the "ERHSA” Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 DUQUE Jorge: The use of VLF-EM survey for hydrogeologic purposes in a porphyric unproductive hard-rock aquifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 EDET Aniekan, OKEREKE Chiedu: Contribution to the development of groundwater resources in the Precambrian Oban massif, southeastern Nigeria, based on geoelectrical and hydrochemical data . . . . . . . . . . .249

XI

FILHO Joao Manoel: A fractal dimension model for hydraulic parameter evaluation from single well pumping tests in fractured media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 GRÄSLE Werner, KESSELS Winfried, RIFAI Haifa: A tracer based flow-log technique to assess hydraulic properties in deep fractured-porous aquifers of low permeability applied in the 4128 m pilot borehole of the KTB, Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 HARTMANN Silke, ODLING Noelle E, WEST L Jared: Radially convergent tracer test in the Chalk . . . . . . .255 HERFORT Martin, SAUTER Martin: Investigation of matrix diffusion in deep hot-dry-rock reservoirs using single-well injection-withdrawal tracer tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 KRÁSNÝ Jirí: Hydrogeologic maps in hardrock environment: what should they represent? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259 KRISHNAMURTHY N S, KUMAR Dewashish, RAO V Ananda, JAIN S C, AHMED S: Multi-parameter geophysics: an essential tool to delineate aquifers in fractured rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 LE BORGNE T, BOUR O, DE DREUZY J-R, DAVY P: Flow model relevant to fractured crystalline aquifers: insights from a scaling interpretation of pumping tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263 LODS Gerard, GOUZE Philippe: Pump tests analysis in fissured media: combination of fractional flow with double continuum approach and leakance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 LOVE Andrew J, COOK Peter G, SIMMONS Craig T: Well Dilution: a new method to identify flow zones and relative horizontal flow rates in a well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 LUNATI Ivan, VONTOBEL Peter, KINZELBACH Wolfgang, LEHMANN Eberhard: Laboratory visualization of two-phase flow in a natural fracture by neutron tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 MARCINIAK Marek: On-site determination of hydraulic conductivity in fractured rocks with double porosity 271 MCDERMOTT C I, SAUTER M, LIEDL R, TEUTSCH G: Streamtube model used to define anisotropic tensors describing tomographical three dimensional gas flow and transport within fracture networks at a laboratory benchscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273 MEJÍAS Miguel, LÓPEZ-GETA Juan A: Instrumentation and methodology for the hydraulic characterization of fractured rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275 NOIRIEL Catherine, GOUZE Philippe, MADE Benoît, BRUDERER Céline, LEPROVOST Richard, POIDRAS Thierry: 3D characterisation of the micro-geometry changes of a single fracture in the course of dissolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 PROBST Michael: New approaches towards an integrated model-based understanding of groundwater-flow in fractured-aquifer catchments and implications for practical problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279 PULIDO-SILVA Gonzalo, BALLESTERO Thomas P, KINNER Nancy E: Large displacement slug tests . . . .281 RAMASESHA C S, SAIVASAN V, KARS A: Remote sensing and geophysical applications for identification of deep seated potential aquifers in a Precambrian crystalline formation: case study in Bellary district Karnataka, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283 RAMASESHA C S, SHETTY G Y, SHIVASHANMUGANATHAN S: Optimisation of aquifer parameters in a fractured aquifer system using numerical groundwater model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285 RAMSTAD Randi K, HILMO Bernt Olav, SKARPHAGEN Helge, HIORTH Espen, BRATTLI Bjørge: The effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing in hard-rock wells: case studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 RAPANTOVÁ Nada, GRMELA Arnošt: Rock massif anisotropy evaluation based on hydrodynamic testing .289 ROBLEDO P, DURÁN JJ: Fractal analysis application to the temporal distribution flow drained for karstic springs in the south of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291 ROUHIANEN Pekka, KOSKINEN Lasse: Interconnected flow measurement between boreholes using a borehole flowmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293 SÁNCHEZ-NAVARRO José A, CABALLERO Juan: GIS-based vulnerability maps of groundwater to acid deposition: application to the Grío river basin (Zaragoza-Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 SEQUEIRA Lener, MENDOZA José A: Geophysical methods for groundwater exploration in Ocotal, northern Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 TAM V T, De SMEDT F, BATELLAAN O, DASSARGUES A: Interpretation and analysis of aquifer tests in fractured-karstified carbonate limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

XII

VAN DEN DAELE Gerd FA, CONNELL Luke D, ATKINSON Tim C, BARKER John A: A tracer investigation into the importance of diffusive exchange in the unsaturated zone of the British Chalk . . . . . . . 301 VAN TONDER Gerrit J, BOTHA Jopie F, DENNIS Ingrid: A new solution for step-drawdown tests, including flow dimension and elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303 VASVÁRI Vilmos: Use of electrical borehole measurements for determination of fracture parameters . . . . . .305 WEEDE Matthias, LAMBERT Michel, HÖTZL Heinz: Experiments on flow and transport processes in fractured porous media in dependence on fracture and rock permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 WIMMER Guido: GIS - supported evaluation of groundwater yield in fractured rocks of the Rhenish Massif / Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

Topic 5: Anthropogenic impacts on fractured environment ADAR Eilon, NATIV Ronit: Isotopes as tracers in a contaminated fractured chalk aquitard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313 ANNA Lawrence, FAHY M, BIANCHI R, McKEOWN M, CHATOIAN J: Effects of tunnelling on the groundwater resources of the southwestern San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315 ATTANAYAKE P: Identifying hydrologic/hydrogeologic impacts caused by tunnel construction . . . . . . . . . . .317 BALLUKRAYA P. Narayana: Hydrogeology of an over-exploited hardrock area: a case study . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 BURGER Ulrich, MILLEN Bernard, BRANDNER Rainer: Northern section of the Brenner Base Tunnel: hydrogeological remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321 CARNEIRO Júlio F: Probabilistic delineation of groundwater protection zones in fractured-rock aquifers . . .323 CELICO Fulvio, MUSILLI Ilaria, NACLERIO Gino: Breeding impacts on groundwater pollution in carbonate aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 DELOUVRIER Jacques, BUEHLER Christoph: The Use of Adapted Testing Tools and Testing Program Allows the Estimation of Water Drainage from Tunnels under Construction and Tunnels in Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327 DOTTRIDGE Jane, HARDISTY Paul: Influence of lithology on persistence of NAPL in fractured aquifers . .329 FAHRENHOLZ C, BREWITZ W, FEIN E, SCHÖNIGER M: Groundwater flow model for a disposal site in a granitic massif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331 FISCH Hansruedi, MAMMEL Rebekka, POSCHER Gerhard, REICHL Ignaz: Methods of fractured aquifer characterisation using an example of a brittle fault zone in calcareous rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333 FOUCHÉ Olivier, SAVAJOL Audrey, MONIN Nathalie, FABRE Denis, POUYA Ahmad: Assessment of free groundwater hazard in tunneling: use of stochastic fracture network simulation and homogenisation . .335 GARZONIO Carlo Alberto, ZUPPI Gian Maria: Hydrogeological analyses and modelling of water resources of the Gavorrano mine (Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337 GAUT Amund, KLØVE Bjørn, KVÆRNER Jens, SNILSBERG Petter: The hydrogeological consequences of reduced groundwater levels after tunnel constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339 GAUT Sylvi, BRATTLI Bjørge, STORRØ Gaute: Factors influencing bacteriological quality of groundwater in Norwegian bedrock wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341 GRENIER Christophe, FOURNO André, MOUCHE Emmanuel, BENABDERRAHMANE Hakim: From site characterization to performance assessment models for transport in a single fracture at Äspö site : assessment of retention processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343 HIDALGO Mª. Carmen, BENAVENTE José, ALMÉCIJA Carmen, MARÍN Carlos, IZQUIERDO Alberto, PEINADO Tomás, RUBIO Juan C : Anthropogenic influences on hard-rock hydrogeology: Linares granite mining district, Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345 HOWARD Ken W F: Bacteria transmission in fissured carbonates – fatal consequences in Walkerton, Ontario .347 HRKAL Z: Groundwater acidification in Central Europe: progress, regress or stable state? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 JEWELL Christopher : Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the Triassic rocks of the Sydney basin . . . . . . .351 KOZUBEK Petr: Multi-technological groundwater remediation in fractured rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353

XIII

KUBRICHT Jirí, DUSÍLEK Pavel: Case study of geochemical stabilization of hexavalent chromium in groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355 LIPPONEN Annukka, MANNINEN Sari, NIINI Heikki, RÖNKÄ Esa: Unlined bedrock tunnel as a solution to water-conveyance: effect of water on the long-term stability of fracture zones in the Päijänne Tunnel, Finland 357 LÖFMAN Jari, MÉSZÁROS Ferenc: Dynamic and transient simulation of the free groundwater table at Olkiluoto, Finland, using an automatic, adaptive mesh generator FEFTRA/octree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359 MILLEN Bernard, BRANDNER Rainer, BURGER Ulrich, POSCHER Gerhard: The essential geology and hydrogeology for 92 km of tunnelling, Austria/Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361 MUZIKÁR Radomír, HÁJEK Antonín, KOSCIELNIAK Pavel: Groundwater protection downgradient from a sludge lagoon of the Rozna uranium deposit, Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 NORRSTRÖM Ann-Catrine, KNUTSSON Gert, THUNQVIST Eva-Lotta: Identifying the sources of different pollutants to municipal wells in hard rock, SE Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365 PAUL Michael, GENGNAGEL Manfred, ECKART Michael: Numeric groundwater modelling in fractured environment: a planning tool for uranium mining remediation (Ronneburg site- Esatern Thuringia, Germany) 367 PEREIRA Mª do Rosário, ALMEIDA Carlos: Groundwater pollution assessement using discriminant variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369 PESENDORFER Marc, LOEW Simon, ZIEGLER Hans Jakob: Hydraulic characterisation of karst structures and water-containing fractures in deep underground excavations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371 POCHON Alain, MEYLAN Benjamin, TRIPET Jean-Pierre, ZWAHLEN Francois: Delineation of groundwater protection zones in fractured media: presentation of a new systematic methodological approach 373 REICHL Ignaz, MAMMEL Rebekka, KECH Michael, POSCHER Gerhard, FISCH Hansruedi: Temporary artificial drawdown of a joint aquifer: test design and methodology shown on a tunnelling project in an artesian spa-water aquifer, Tyrol, Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375 RIBEIRO Luís, SERRA Elizabete, PARALTA Eduardo, NASCIMENTO João: Nitrate pollution in hardrock formations: vulnerability and risk evaluation by geomathematical methods in Serpa-Brinches aquifer, South Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377 ROULEAU Alain, GUHA Jayanta, ARCHAMBAULT Guy, BENLAHCEN Abdelmounem: An overview of the hydrogeology of the Precambrian basement in Quebec and related mining problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379 RUDOLPH-LUND Kim, SKURTVEIT Elin, ENGENE Bjarne, MYKLAND Johan: Active groundwater monitoring and remediation during tunnelling through fractured bedrock under urban areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381 SAVOYE Sébastien, CABRERA Justo, MATRAY Jean-Michel: Different hydraulic properties of single fractures in argillaceous medium: the case of the IRSN Tournemire site (France) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383 SOBOLEV Gennady, MOROZOV Vladislav, PONOMAREV Alexander, TATARINOV Victor, BELOV Sergey: Development of technology of groundwater pollution assessment and environmental research in the Karabash region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385 SUBRAHMANYAM K: The impact of industrial effluents on water quality in a geologically contrasting terrain, Andhra Pradesh, India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387 VAN HASSELT Blanca, AMANTINI Eric, CABON François, BODIN Jean-Luc: Hydrogeological monitoring during construction and operation of underground LPG storage facilities in mined caverns . . . . . .389 VOSS Clifford I, TIRÉN Sven A: Hydrogeologic characterizations of a fractured crystalline rock site in Sweden based on intensive surface, borehole and subsurface investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

Topic 6: Numerical modelling of fractured environment BEYER Mathias, MOHRLOK Ulf: Determination of effective parameters for flow and transport in fractured porous media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395 BLOOMFIELD John P, BARKER John A: MOPOD: a model to investigate fracture porosity development . .397 BLUM Philipp, MACKAY Rae, RILEY Michael S: Coupled hydro-mechanical modelling of flow in fractured rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 399

XIV

UK BOTHA Joseph F, CLOOT Alain H J: Modelling groundwater flow in an elastic confined aquifer . . . . . .401 DYKHNE Alexander M, DRANIKOV Ilia L, KONDRATENKO Petr S, POPOV Alexey V: Anomalous diffusion in regular fractured media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403 FOURNO André, GRENIER Christophe, MOUCHE Emmanuel, BENABDERRAHMANE Hakim: Qualification and validity of a smeared fractures modelling approach for transfers in fractured media . . . . . . .405 GOUZE Philippe, TENCHINE Sandra, LOGGIA Didier, BRUDERER Céline, FEDOROV Alexei, ADLER Pierre M, THOVERT Jean-François, GRESWELL Richard, RILEY Mick, PARKER David J: A study of the dispersion in a single thin fracture using Positron Emission Projected Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . .407 HASE Martin, VOGEL Thomas, LAGENDIJK Vincent R, KÖNGETER Jürgen: A statistical approach to build up a multi-continuum model describing flow and transport processes in fractured permeable sandstone . . . . .409 JOHNSTON Peter, ATKINSON Tim, ODLING Noelle, BARKER John: Tracer breakthrough, hydraulic properties and fracture networks at sub-continuum scales in aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411 ODLING Noelle E, WEST L Jared, HARTMANN Silke: Modelling advective and diffusive transport in fractured chalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413 PULIDO-SILVA Gonzalo, BALLESTERO Thomas P, KINNER Nancy E: HyTests: a set of numerical models for hydrogeologic parameters estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415 RUIZ Eduardo, SÁNCHEZ-VILA Xavier, VIVES Luis, CARRERA Jesus, ELORZA Francisco Javier, BAJOS Carmen, VELA GUZMÁN Antonio: A methodology for solving the inverse flow and transport problem in discrete fracture networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417 SHARP Jr John M, GARNER Terence T, PHYU Thandar, ROBINSON Neville I: Solute transport in crystalline rocks with fracture skins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419 SUESS Mia, EICHEL Hartmut, HELMIG Rainer: The verification and the further development of a method for the determination of the spatial distribution of heterogeneities based on numerical simulations . . . . . . . . .421 VOGEL Thomas, HASE Martin, LAGENDIJK Vincent R, KÖNGETER Jürgen: Applying the multi-continuum approach to experimental data of tracer experiments in fractured permeable sandstone . .423 YURKOV Yuriy I, KOROTKIN Ivan A, KISELEV Vladimir P, GOLOVIZNIN Vasiliy M, SEMENOV Vladimir A: Solution of an inverse problem of identification of fractional diffusion parameters . . . . . . . . . . . .425

XV

*URXQGZDWHULQ)UDFWXUHG5RFNV 3UDJXH&]HFK5HSXEOLF.UiVQê+UNDO%UXWKDQVHGV 

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB



*URXQGZDWHUUHVRXUFHVGHYHORSPHQWLQWKH'HFDQWUDSFRXQWU\RIWKHZHVWHUQ *KDWV,QGLD

  3UDGHHS.1$,. $UXQ.$:$67+,     &HQWUDO*URXQG:DWHU%RDUG&HQWUDO5HJLRQ1HZ6HFUHWDULDW%XLOGLQJ&LYLO/LQHV1DJSXU±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