Proceedings of the International Conference

PROCEEDINGS of the International Conference Environment – Landscape – European Identity 2011 Annual Meeting of the Faculty of Geography

Bucharest, Romania

November 4-6, 2011

Edited by University of Bucharest Faculty of Geography, Department of Regional Geography and Environment

Organisers

University of Bucharest – Faculty of Geography, Department of Regional Geography and Environment www.geo.unibuc.ro

with support of: Association for Biodiversity Conservation www.biodiversitate.ro

University of Craiova – Geography Department cis01.central.ucv.ro/geografie/

Center for Environmental Research and Impact Studies www.ccmesi.ro

Transdiciplinary Research Center Landscape and Territory www.geo.unibuc.ro

National Council for Scientific Research

Intergraph Computer Services www.ingr.ro

www.cncs-uefiscdi.ro

Proceedings of the International Conference Environment – Landscape – European Identity, November 4-6, 2011, Editor University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Department of Regional Geography and Environment, Romania, 172 pp. The Proceedings and conference schedule are available online: www.geo.portiledefier.ro Conference secretariat: [email protected] © 2011, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Department of Regional Geography and Environment, Romania This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.

Conference scientific committee Professor Floare Grecu, University of Bucharest Professor Ileana Pătru-Stupariu, University of Bucharest Professor Maria Pătroescu, University of Bucharest Professor Dan Bălteanu, Member of the Romanian Academy Associate Professor Sandu Boengiu, University of Craiova Professor Cristian Braghină, University of Bucharest Professor Ioan Ianoş, University of Bucharest Professor Liliana Zaharia, University of Bucharest

Organising committee Ileana Pătru-Stupariu Maria Pătroescu Ion Marin Cristian Iojă Mioara Clius Marian Marin Gabriela Manea Iuliana Vijulie Nicolae Mocanu Ionuţ Şandric Radu Irimia Gabriel Vânău Laura Tîrlă Mihai Răzvan Niţă Roxana Cuculici Alina Huzui Iulia Călin Iulian Niculae Diana Onose Cristiana Ciocanea Adina Cucu Ştefan Grigorescu Mariana Voinea

Conference secretariat Mariana Voinea Mihai Răzvan Niţă Iuliana Vijulie Gabriel Vânău Roxana Cuculici

Plenary speakers Professor Alexandre Buttler, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne – EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland [email protected]

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Joint Professor at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne – EPFL, Lausanne, and at the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Switzerland Director of the Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS) Head of the WSL Site Lausanne Professor at the University of Franche-Comté, Besançon , France Former delegate professor at CNRS, FranceMember of the WSL directorate

Research profile: Impact of climate change on ecosystems; Impact of land-use change on ecosystems; Wetland ecology; Pasture woodland ecology; Invasion ecology; Ecological resilience; Ecological diversity; Biogeochemical cycles (carbon and nitrogen); Influence of CO2 and N enrichement on bog ecosystems; Above-belowground interactions; Management and restoration. Professor Maria Pătroescu, University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected]

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Head of Center for Environmental Research and Impact Studies,University of Bucharest Professor at the University of Bucharest Honorary President of the Carpathian Danubian Centre for Geoecology (member of Foundation of Environmental Education)

Research profile: Environmental geography; Urban and rural ecology; Conservation biology Dr. Bosse Lagerqvist, University of Gothenburg, Sweden [email protected]

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Senior lecturer at University of Gothenburg Association of Critical Heritage Studies Swedish Association for Industrial heritage The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage

Research profile: Heritage perspectives on urban and land use planning; Heritage practices; Industrial heritage and industrialized society; Cultural landscapes and vernacular building traditions; Maritime history. Dr. Lucian Draguţ, University of Salzburg, Austria and West University Timisoara, Romania [email protected]

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Project coordinator at Z_GIS – Centre for Geoinformatics, Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, Austria

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Assistant Professor at West University Timisoara

Research profile: Landscape structure analysis; Geomorphometry; Remote sensing Professor Dan Bălteanu, Member of the Romanian Academy [email protected]

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Director of the Institute of Geography Professor at the University of Bucharest President of the National Committee for Global Environmental Change

Research profile: Geomorphology; Natural and technological hazards; Environmental geography Professor Ioan Ianoş, University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected]

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Professor at the University of Bucharest Director of The Interdisciplinary Center of Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics

Research profile: Urban and Rural Geography; Regional Development; Territorial Planning Professor Sergio Ginesu – Universita degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento Scienze Botaniche, Ecologiche e Geologiche, Italy [email protected]

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Member of Comitato d’Onore Scientifico del Convegno “Premieres Rencontres Internationales – Villages Temoins des 1er Européens” Counselor of Direttivo Scientifico dell’Ass. It. Geogr. fisica e Geomorf. (AIGEO) 2000/03, 2003/06 Scientific counselor of Dottorati di ricerca dell`Univ.Roma “La Sapienza”, Univ. Pisa e Univ. Liegi. Associato CNR – IBIMET 2007/2009. Technical expert of Ministry of External Affairs in relation with China President of “Fondali” commission in Cong. “Monitoraggio costiero” President of NAZ

Research profile: Landscape evolution; Geoarchaeologiy; Coastal erosion; Slopes stability; Climate and peri-glacial variations

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Table of Content M. KIKUCHI, Convert the rural landscape into a resource for utilization ― Two different villages at a different development phase in Longji rice terrace, Guangxi, China, page 1. O. POURMAND, M. MANSHOURI, E. AHMADISHARAF and N. ALAMDARI, Assessment of different water uses of Zohreh river using QUAL2K and ArcGIS, page 2. S. CATRINA, Valorizations and changes in regional cuisine through the tourism development strategies of Maramureş, page 3. L. MATCHAVARIANI and B. KALANDADZE, Pollution of soils by heavy metals from irrigation near mining region of Georgia, page 4. T. BASILASHVILI, L. MATCHAVARIANI, J. TABATADZE and M. JANELIDZE, Utilization problems of mountain river water resources and the ways of their overcoming, page 5. N. ELIZBARASHVILI, Potential and functions of landscapes of Georgia, page 6. A. VALJAREVIC, D. ZIVKOVIC, M. PAVLOVIC and J. JOVANOVIC, Comparison of analogue and digital generalization for example of river network generalization, page 7. N. TSIVTSIVADZE, N. KHIDASHELI, L. LAGIDZE, N. PAICHADZE and N. MOTSONELIDZE, Technogenic disaster risk assessment and management (example of gold minning-Kazreti open quarry), page 8. P. RASKA, L. BERANOVA and M. BALEJ, Using the GIS for multitemporal assessment (18502000) of visual impact of quarries in the Ceske stredohori Mts. (N Czech Republic), page 9. T. M. PAFTALĂ and N. M. MUSTĂŢEA, Brownfields - strength poles of the Iaşi urban space reconstruction, page 10. G. OSACI-COSTACHE, Using GIS Open Sources applications in decrypting the historical frame of a territory on the basis of the historical maps. Case study: the Cicăneşti Subcarpathian basin (Romania), page 11. A. BADYDA, W. LUBIŃSKI, P. DĄBROWIECKI, P. O. CZECHOWSKI, G. MAJEWSKI and A. GAYER, Influence of traffic-related air pollutants concentration on the risk of COPD symptoms page 12. A. GAYER and A. BADYDA, Road noise in urban areas. Problems and solutions – analysis of case studies in Warsaw, Poland, page 13. A. DRÁBKOVÁ, Tourists in Protected Landscape Areas in the Czech Republic – a sociological survey page 14. N. PETKOVA and V. ALEXANDROV, Snow cover in Bulgarian mountainous regions: observed variations and future activities, page 15. I. MILEVSKI, B. MARKOSKI, S. GORIN, O. DIMITROVSKA and B. APOSTOLOVSKATOSHEVSKA, Badlands and earth pyramids in the Republic of Macedonia, page 16. O. DIMITROVSKA, B. MARKOSKI, B. APOSTOLOVSKA-TOSHEVSKA, I. MILEVSKI and S. GORIN, Surface water pollution of major rivers in the Republic of Macedonia, page 17. B. MARKOSKI, B. APOSTOLOVSKA-TOSEVSKA, O. DIMITROVSKA, I. MILEVSKI and S. GORIN, Cartographic-geographical analysis of the network of urban settlements in the Republic of Macedonia - Condition and perspective page 18. B. APOSTOLOVSKA-TOSHEVSKA, B. MARKOSKI, O. DIMITROVSKA, I. MILEVSKI and S. GORIN, Unemployment in the Republic of Macedonia, page 19. L. E. MIC, Synoptic conditions that caused the occurrence of absolute temperatures in Prahova’s Corridor, between 1961-2007, page 20. C. MĂRCULEŢ and I. MĂRCULEŢ, Precipitations – factor of present modeling in the Orastie Corridor, page 21.

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A. PETRVALSKÁ, Typical karst forms – doline in the Slovak karst region, page 22. M. T. BOUROUMI, D. L. K. BEGHDOU and Z. S. SALEM, The Algerian litoral: between pollution and the environment - Oran- Algérie, page 23. A. POPA, Agricultural Landscape Dynamics in Metropolitan Areas - Strategic approach based on simultaneous evolution scenarios page 24. A. ALFIKY, G. KAULE and M. SALHEEN, Agricultural Fragmentation of the Nile Delta; A modeling approach to measuring agricultural land deterioration in Egyptian Nile Delta, page 25. J. O. C. DUEÑAS, European National Sustainable Development Strategies: One Europe towards Sustainability? Case studies of three socio-economical models, page 26. K. MANOLIDIS, Obscure patterns. Abandoned agricultural landscapes in Greece, page 27. H. BOUTABBA, M. MOHAMED and K. BOUDJEMAA, The colonial city, what impact on the current urban and architectural environment. Case of Msila City in The region of Hodna Algeria, page 28. D. NIKOLAISHVILI, T. DONADZE, G. MELADZE, M. SHARASHENIDZE, V. TRPAIADZE, G. DVALASHVILI and T. TIGISHVILI, Evaluating the touristic potential of Georgia’s landscapes, page 29. B. KHALFALLAH, F. LAHCENE and M. MILI, The plan of grounds’ occupation and sustainability of external open spaces - Case of Sétif, page 30. F. LAHCENE, K. BOUDJEMAA and M. MILI, The city and the tools of planning and urban management for a sustainable city - Case of the plan land use of the city of Msila, page 31. M. HĂRMĂNESCU, Rural Landscape Development: Territorial DeComposition or ReComposition?, page 33. W. H. CLUNE, The important role for member state green procurement projects, and ongoing entanglements with European Union legal doctrines, page 33. V. RUKAVITSYN, Using of data-mining methods and the geofields analysis for the area quality estimation, page 34. S. GINESU, D. CARBONI and M. MARIN, Coastline modifications in Sardinia starting from archaeological data, page 35. C. CONSTANTINESCU, Organizing interests in territory - built landscape as a territorial development tool, page 36. E. HUSEYNOV, Sustainable planning as process of environment and landscape identification, page 37. E. STOCKER, The Krimml-waterfalls – a “geomorphosite” in the National Park of the Hohe Tauern, Salzburg, Austria page 38. S. BOENGIU, C. VÎLCEA, D. SIMULESCU, E. MARINESCU and O. IONUŞ, The Bâlta landslide (The Getic Piedmont, Romania) site investigation and its relevance for hazard assessment page 39. M. NENKOVIC-RIZNIC and S. MILIJIC, SEA as an instrument of harmonisation between ecological and spatial development interests – the case study of Timok region, Serbia, page 40. S. DERMENDZHIEVA, A. DERMENDZHIEV, P. SABEVA and M. DOYKOV, About the transport problems of Bulgaria and some regional challenges, page 41. G. I. TOROIMAC, G. MINEA, L. ZAHARIA, R. ZAREA and M. BORCAN, Methodology of a hydrogeomorphological river typology - Case study: Ialomiţa and Buzău river catchments, page 42. D. A. CHELARU and S. PLEŞCAN, Using GIS in the assessment of landscape visual quality: a methodological approach applied to Piatra Neamt, Romania page 43.

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G. PASCARIU, Territorial disparities in low urbanized Romanian counties. Case study on Botosani and Gorj counties, page 44. R. MEREŢ, Types of mineral water in Homorod (Brasov county) and their economic importance, page 45. M. PENERLIEV, Problems in regional development in Bulgarian part of Dobrudja page 46. N. BOBOC, I. BEJAN and P. ŢÎŢU, Assessment of the landscape wilderness index in Middle Prut Plain and Western Codrii Heights page 47. E. STOCKER-WÖRGÖTTER and M. GRUBE, Relationships between soils in alpine ecosystems: architectures, bio-complexity, and dynamics of cryptogamic and microbiotic soil crusts, page 48. A. L. CERCLEUX, F. C. MERCIU and G. L. MERCIU, Models of technical and industrial heritage reuse in Romania page 49. L. SĂLĂJAN, Characteristics flash floods on the Danube in 2010, page 50. I. MARINICĂ, V. V. VĂTĂMANU and A. F. MARINICĂ, Considerations regarding the agroclimatic conditions in the spring of 2011 in Oltenia region, page 51. L. K. BEGHDOUD, M. T. BOUROUMI and G. PRÉVOST, Environmental impact of architectural production: visual pollution. Case of the city of Oran, Algeria, page 52. M. NICULIŢĂ, Romanian SRTM derived geomorphometric dataset, page 53. M. MAZILU, Tourism role in the development of regional politics and prognosis, page 54. A. I. PETRIŞOR, Applications of Principal Component Analysis-Based GIS Modeling, page 55. D. G. MUMLADZE, N. N. LOMIDZE, E. D. SALUKVADZE and T. T. CHALADZE, Process of aridisation and peculiarities of landscape transformation in East part Georgia, page 56. C. I. IOJĂ and C. M. CIOCĂNEA, Volatile Organic Compounds in representative dwellings from Bucharest, page 57. S. FLORENCE, L. ZAHARIA and G. BELTRANDO, July 2005 flood in the lower basin of Siret River: the consequences of dikes protection, page 58. S. MIHALACHE, Relationships between urban development and local landscape features. Case Study: Galaţi, page 59. M. CLIUS, O. DAVID, A. TELEUCA and A. MOROŞANU, The map of relief accessibility – a tool for sustainable development of Ceahlau National Park, Romania, page 60. M. S. STUPARIU and I. PĂTRU-STUPARIU, Edge-related effects, land cover change and landscape metrics, page 61. I. PĂTRU-STUPARIU, A. HUZUI and I. CĂLIN, Spatial pattern analyses of landscape using multitemporal data sources, page 62. A. STĂNESCU, A. CUCIULAN and I. PĂTRU-STUPARIU, Models of industrial landscape reconversion. Case study: city of Petrila (Romania), page 63. V. COJANU, I. PĂTRU-STUPARIU and R. DOBRE, The Competitive Potential Index, a basic tool in estimating the economic performance, page 64. R. CUCULICI, The dynamics of degraded areas in a critical environmental region: Motru- Rovinari coal field, page 65. L. SĂFTOIU, Identification and inventory of geomorfosites on the tourist route Bratocea Pass – Ciucas Peak (Ciucas Mountains – Romania), page 66. M. PARICHI and A.-L. STĂNILĂ, Pedogeomorfologic data concerning the existence of some lacustruos parts in Burnasului Plain, page 67. A. C. TUDOR, Functional incompatibilities in Bucharest suburban area: types, impacts and conflicts, page 68. C. E. PĂSCULESCU, The morphometric features of the lakes from the South Dobrogea, page 69. L. COMĂNESCU, A. NEDELEA and R. DOBRE, Inventory and evaluation of geomorphological sites in Fagaras Mountains (Carpathians, Romania), page 70. v

A. ŁOPATKA, G. SIEBIELEC, A. ŻUREK and M. GŁUSZYŃSKA, Multi-tool approach for assessment of how sustainable is current land management in urban areas – URBAN SMS project, page 71. A. ŻUREK, A. ŁOPATKA, G. SIEBIELEC and M. GŁUSZYŃSKA, Land use change analysis for evaluation of soil protection effectiveness in urban areas - URBAN SMS project, page 72. F. MIHAI and A. LĂMĂŞANU, Spatial analysis of landfills volumes from rural territory. Case study: Neamt County, Romania, page 73. E. ACHIM, O. COCOŞ, G. MANEA and I. VIJULIE, Ecological reconstruction of the plain areas in Romania, prone to climate aridisation, through forest protection belts. Case study: The Oltenia Plain (Dabuleni town), page 74. R. OPREA and A. NEDELEA, Features of the soil cover in the central eastern part of Ploiesti Plain, page 75. I. E. MARINESCU and S. AVRAM, Analysis of urban disparities induced by the functional and spatial structure of a territorial unit within Craiova central area, page 76. A. P. BEKDEMIR, Becoming a global city (Istanbul): impacts on forest areas, page 77. E. MATEI, F.I STAN, R.M. SPIRODON, Geographical dimension of the begging phenomenon as a form of environmental marginalization in Bucharest city, page 78. R. IOSIF, Road-associated mortality hot spots for Romanian Hermann’s tortoise population: a gravity model for road-segment analysis, page 79. N. NITAVSKA, The visual elements forming the identity of the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Riga coastal landscape page 80. R. PERJU, Hydrological analyze of the Valea Cerbului watershed page 81. R. NECŞULIU, T. GHERCĂ and D. POPA, The relation between ESPON 2013 Programme results and national territorial planning page 82. O. STOLERIU and O. GROZA, Geography and European identity in Romania, page 83. Š. ASCHENBRENNER, T. ŠTRBA and I. TURISOVÁ, Flora and vegetation on selected Cudeposits in Slovakia, page 84. T. ŠTRBA, Š. ASCHENBRENNER and I. TURISOVÁ, Selected morfometric analysis of Cardaminopsis arenosa L. on the Cu-deposits in central part of Slovakia, page 85. D. DIMITROVSKI, A. TODOROVIC and A. VALJAREVIC, Rural tourism and regional development: Case study of development of rural tourism in region of Gruža, Serbia (geographically), page 86. P. ANDRÁŠ, J. KRNÁČ, V. DIRNER and J. DUBIEL, Hazards of heavy metal contamination at Ľubietová Cu-deposit (Slovakia), page 87. V. POPA, The Arab crisis analysed from geographic perspective. Case study: Syria, page 88. C. LECA and N. CIOBOTARU, Transboundary River Basin Management – Flooding Problems in the Prut Catchment Area, page 89. M. KARADJOSKI and J. SILJANOSKA, Macedonian cross-border cooperation: an instrument for a good regional cooperation and Euro-integration, page 90. W. H. CLUNE, The role of state fiscal policies in Sweden in supporting domestic biofuel industries and infrastructure projects, page 91. F. OBREJA, Recent changes in hydrological regime of the rivers from the Siret River Basin, page 92. S. V. ŞERB, Fortified Churches from Transylvania: evolution of tourists’ number. page 93. M. PARASCHIV, Extreme urban poverty in Bucharest. Case study: Assessing and perception of homeless people, page 94. A. P. BEKDEMIR and N. KART AKTAŞ, Urban transformation: Is it for everyone?, page 95. A. R. IURIAN, R. BEGY, I. CĂTINAŞ and C. COSMA, Preliminary results of medium-term soil redistribution rates using the 137Cs technique page 96.

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L. GHERVASE, L. NICULIŢĂ, G. PAVELESCU and E. M. CARSTEA, Optical techniques correlated with standard chemical analysis for environmental assessment, page 97. L. M. VLAD, P. DELIU and I. BARTHA, Evolution of water resources in the major floodplains of rivers, page 98. F. I. BUZĂIANU, The dynamics of residential construction from the rural space adjacent to the Bucharest-Ploieşti corridor, page 99. A. L. ZAHARIA, Sequential analysis of the tourism potential in Herculane resort, page 100. C. I. IOJĂ, C. ŞERBAN, D. A. ONOSE and S. GRĂDINARU, Evaluation of waste management in public educational institutions of Bucharest city, page 101. D. TOACĂ, I. BARTHA, N. MARCOIE, V. GABOR and D. TOMA, Effects of surface water and groundwater supplied irrigation systems on the soil salinization, page 102. N. FRUNZETI and C. BACIU, Carbon dioxide and methane emission from Balvanyos Spa, South Eastern part of Ciomadu volcano (Romania), page 103. S. M. SERGEEVNA, Migratory prose in the connection with the process of human transference, page 104. D. R. STOIAN, L. A. CERCLEUX and F. C. MERCIU, Current trends of the open public spaces in Bucharest City, page 105. C. CHIRIŢĂ and C. CHIRIŢĂ, State and nation in a globalized Europe, page 106. C. ŞOŞEA, Spatial-functional dynamics of Craiova municipality’s periphery page 107. I. NECHEŞ, Steps in achieving sustainable tourism while ensuring conservation of geomorphosites. Case study: The Sphinx of the Bucegi Mountains, page 108. A. OLAH, I. C. STEZAR and A. OZUNU, Preliminary investigation and assessment of lubricant and oil pollution on an industrial site in the central part of Romania, page 109. A. ZIEMEĻNIECE, The historical environment renovation and preservation of cultural heritage and landscape, page 110. E. IVANOVA, N. HRISTOVA, R. NEDKOV, I. IVANOVA and K. RADEVA, Morpho hydrographic analyze of Black sea catchment area in Bulgaria, page 111. I. COBZARU, F. BODESCU and D. DAMOC, Charadrius dubius (Scopoli, 1786) and Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758), indicators of habitat quality on the last sector of Danube banks, page 112. R. ION, F. BODESCU, I. COBZARU and D. DAMOC, Birds conservation in Vaduri and Pângăraţi protected area – the importance of shorelines and aquatic vegetation communities, page 113. L. A. CUCU, M. I. NICULAE, D. A. ONOSE and I. CHINCEA, Hierarchical analysis of the threats to Species of Community Interest in the Iron Gates Natural Park, Romania, page 114. C. M. CIOCĂNEA, L. A. CUCU and M. PĂTROESCU, Landscape analysis using urban morphology in 3rd District of Bucharest – Romania, page 115. D. A. ONOSE, G. O. VÂNĂU, C. M. CIOCĂNEA and M. PĂTROESCU, Land price and environmental quality in large habitats from Bucharest, Romania, page 116. A. SCHVAB, D. PEPTENATU, C. DRĂGHICI and R. PINTILII, Theoretical aspects regarding the space-poverty relationship page 117. D. MĂNTOIU, I. MIREA, A. MIHAI and I. ŞANDRIC, Mapping WCA (Wilderness Core Areas) in the Southern Carpathian Mountains, page 118. N. KART AKTAŞ, Tourists' satisfaction of destination while visiting historical peninsula – Istanbul in Turkey, page 119. I. POP and M.-T. ANDREI, Climate change fffects in Romania, page 120. E. JANECZKO, Shaping the forest landscape – needs and opportunities, page 121. Z. DÖVÉNYI, Á. NÉMETH and G. SZALAI, A specific European problem: the division and conflict of the ethnic and regional identity – through the example of the German minority in Hungary and the Baltic Sea Region, page 122.

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C. IORDACHE and C. ŞOŞEA, The Czech minority in Romania, between demographical decline and identity progress, page 123. B. M. KIS, C. BACIU, B. CZELLECZ, L. KÉKEDY-NAGY, and K. KÁRMÁN, Hydrogeochemical studies on some mineral waters from the western part of Harghita county, page 124. I. ANDORKÓ, B. CZELLECZ, B. M. KIS, Z. PÁL and Á. SZÁSZ, Mineral waters as subject for nonformal education and tourism in the western part of the Eastern Carpathians, page 125. I. ŞANDRIC, Z. CHIŢU, B. MIHAI and I. SĂVULESCU, From pixel to irregular shape in modeling spatio-temporal landslide hazard using Bayesian inference with error propagation, page 126. C. IORDACHE, The human habitat vulnerability to demographical risks within the Segarcea Plain page 127. C. BACIU, D. COSTIN, C. POP and L. LAZĂR, A complex approach on environmental monitoring in mining areas, page 128. S. GORIN, B. MARKOSKI, I. MILEVSKI, O. DIMITROVSKA and B. APOSTOLOVSKATOSHEVSKA, GIS assessment of the landscape changes in Gevgelisko-Valandovska Basin, page 129. C. COSTA, M. GODINHO, S. DUARTE and E. FIGUEIREDO, Agro environmental policies in Portugal: have they contributed to improve environmental quality?, page 130. A. COCOŞ, I. SÂRBU and O. COCOŞ, Coping with water scarcityand drought: the case of the Calnistea catchment (Romania), page 131. I. POPESCU and R. BALINT, Environmental pollutants assessment – trace metals contamination of soil, page 132. A. MUNTEANU, A. NEDELEA, L. COMĂNESCU and C. GHEORGHE, The snow avalanches impact upon the environment - with examples of Piatra Craiului and Fagaras mountains, page 133. I. M. POP, S. CHIRIAC and L. BERECZKY, Land use and behavioral patterns of the relocated bears in the south eastern Romanian Carpathian mountains page 134. L. BERECZKY, I. M. POP, S. CHIRIAC and X. ANEGROAEI, How can the surrounding environment model the behavior of brown bear cubs in the first two years of their life? , page 135. M. MARIN, Cultural landscape: cosmopolitism versus tradition in Tara Lapusului, page 136. M. R. NIŢĂ, Residential – environmental conflicts in the Bucharest Metropolitan Area page 137. F. TATU, L. SĂFTOIU and R. DOBRE, Professional training of pre-universitary teachers for new opportunities in career development – University of Bucharest – 2010/2011, page 138. C. CÂRSTEA, The interwar Romanian Geopolitics - space of discourse on territory and nation, page 139. M. VIŞAN, GeoIntelligent urban management at Bucharest City Hall, page 140. M. L. MATACHE, I. G. DAVID and C. MARIN, Comparative study regarding trace elements concentration in two Romanian wetlands, page 141. D. ILIEŞ, M. UNGUREANU and O. GACEU, The karst plateau of Padis in Bihor Mountains - one of the most spectacular touristic objectives in Romania (I), page 142. I. V. STOICA, The effects of population aging on rural areas. Case study: the Sărăţel hydrographic basin (Buzau Subcarpathians), page 143. D. ZAMFIR, I. V. STOICA, C. TĂLÂNGĂ and C. BRAGHINĂ, New trends in the suburbanization of Romanian towns, page 144. I. A. UNGURAŞ, The effects of population aging in the Trotuş drainage basin, page 145. I. A. UNGURAŞ, Premises for the development of tourism in the Trotuş drainage basin, page 146. S. DERMENDZHIEVA, A. DERMENDZHIEV, P. SABEVA and M. DOYKOV, National tourist sites of Bulgaria through the prism of the geographic point of view, page 147.

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S. DERMENDZHIEVA, A. DERMENDZHIEV, P. SABEVA and M. DOYKOV, Geographic aspects of Bulgarian-Romanian energy relations, page 148. O. GACEU, A. ILIES and C. DRAGOTĂ, The climatic characteristics of the balneo-climatic Stana de Vale resort which aim at touristic exploitation, page 149. I. A. BADEA, I. G. DAVID, L. VLĂDESCU and G. L. RADU, Disposable carbon electrodes as an alternative for the direct voltammetric determination of alkylphenols from water samples, page 150. C. D. BRĂDĂU, Aspects of on the absolute extreme temperatures in Deva city areal, page 151. F. BODESCU, C. OANA and A. BADEA, Mapping and inventoring the Romania’s biodiversity: limits and oportunities, page 152. I. IANOŞ and I. SÎRODOEV, Dynamics of the built-up urban space in Bucharest, page 153. AUTHORS INDEX, page 154.

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Proceedings of the International Conference Environment – Landscape – European Identity, Bucharest, November 4-6 2011

Convert the rural landscape into a resource for utilization ― two different villages at a different development phase in Longji rice terrace, Guangxi, China Masumi Kikuchi School of International Liberal Studies, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

[email protected] As society and the global market change, along with that people’s values and demands change, the views of what we define as resource changes as well. Nowadays when the development of existing resources in less-favored rural areas is aimed, the rural landscape until now never considered as resource, may turn out to be the most valuable one. The subject of this research is this process of reconsidering the rural landscape as resource in such times of changes. I would like to clarify the matter about how people’s views towards the rural landscape (the way they manage the land and distribute resources) change. Above this there stands the question if it is possible to preserve the rural landscape. In the country which is a subject of this research - China, in the near past there existed almost completely self-sufficient villages and even nowadays the villages in the distant areas have a selfsufficiency system. In this research I would like to focus on areas considered less-favored which have the above mentioned agriculture but in which the specific environment is fundamental and leads to agriculture based on the specific rural landscape. On the other hand, in order to achieve the purposes of this research, vast rural areas which provide conditions for agricultural production at national level will not be analyzed. As an example I would like to point out Longji rice terrace, Guangxi. Until recently before the appearance of tourist businesses in the region, the cultivation of the terraced rice fields of Longji, Guangxi was performed through a self-sufficient system and until now it has a specific rural landscape.

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Assessment of different water uses of Zohreh river using QUAL2K and ArcGIS Omid Pourmand1, M. Manshouri1, E. Ahmadisharaf2, N. Alamdari2 1

Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran; 2 Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

[email protected] Qualitative water modeling is a proper means of water quality management. Therefore, different contaminating resources are detected along the river and their effect on water quality is studied. The qualitative parameters under study include pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium attract rate (SAR) which are measured in 15 sampling stations during one water year. Simulation process was performed for pH and EC using USEPA’s QUAL2K model. In order to use the results of the tests and entering them into QUAL2K model, minimum, average and maximum amounts of each parameter was specified in all stations. Water consumption is classified into drinking, agricultural and industrial uses. In order to prioritizing the water samples for drinking, drinking water quality evaluation matrix was prepared for sampling stations. Also, water zoning map for drinking and agricultural uses was performed by ArcGIS. According to these maps, water quality is declining from upstream to downstream of the river.

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Valorizations and changes in regional cuisine through the tourism development strategies of Maramureş Sonia Catrina1,2 1

2

Institute of Sociology, Bucharest, Romania; ROMFRA Association, Alexandria, Romania

[email protected] This article focuses on the practices and social representations to be found in a Romanian rural region whose reputation and tourism attractiveness was built on the local cuisine. We assess the tourism development strategies of the Maramures region starting from the valorization of local cuisine as a regional heritage shared by all the inhabitants of this region. How do the rural guesthouse owners build the reputation of their region through the cuisine? What is the place of the local cuisine in the tourism strategies of regional development? We therefore analyze the valorization of the local cuisine and its metamorphosis through an empirical study of the roles of different actors (locals and tourists) in the reconstitution of the cuisine starting from the premise that the cuisine is a social construct for the tourists hosted by the tourism entrepreneurs in the rural Maramures who provide family-type lodging and boarding.

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Pollution of soils by heavy metals from irrigation near mining region of Georgia Lia Matchavariani, Besik Kalandadze Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

[email protected] Soil is a very specific and complicated component of nature. In case of water and air pollution if the toxic substances are removed from them they will easily return to their original conditions. In soils this process is much more complicated. If the soil is polluted the centuries old balance is upset and restoring that balance takes a very long time. If an important component is breached, its normal functioning is significantly damaged. The first “blow” is taken by the upper (humus) layer of the soil, where the main part of root system is developed. That’s where the micro and macro elements and other toxic substances are intensively accumulated. Toxic substances that penetrate the soil through water, air, pesticides, mineral and organic fertilizers have a very negative impact on live organisms. Different concentrations of toxic elements were identified in the irrigated soils adjacent to ore mining and processing enterprise, situated to the south of Tbilisi near to Madneuli concentrating combine. Our study enables us to conclude that pollutant heavy metals (copper, zinc, manganese) have active negative effect on the properties of soil, its composition and soil-forming processes taking place in the soil. It is especially well represented in the deterioration of hydro-physical potential of the soil. Vegetation is a defining factor of geo-chemical processes taking place in the soil. Plants have selective absorption ability. They are able to receive various chemical elements from the soil disproportionately from their composition/make-up; in other words, they are able to select the chemical elements which are necessary for their growth. There are various methods of land reclamation of the polluted soils: mechanical, physical-mechanical, chemical etc. Use and effectiveness of each land reclamation method depends on the climatic, bioclimatic, geo-ecological and soil-edaphon (granulometric composition and structure of the soil, humus concentration, absorption volumes, oxidation-restoration potential, pH etc.) factors.

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Utilization problems of mountain river water resources and the ways of their overcoming Tsisana Basilashvili1, Lia Matchavariani2, Jarji Tabatadze1, Magda Janelidze1 1

Institute of Hydrometeorology, Tbilisi, Georgia; 2 Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

[email protected] Development of a country significantly depends on the utilization of water resources. Georgia is distinguished by its rich hydro resources, but due to their uneven discrimination, the demand on water frequently doesn’t coincide with water provision. This causes acute deficit situation. Due to the global warming of the climate, it is expected that the fresh water amount will decrease in Georgia. This is why it is necessary to approach the use of water resources in a complex way by means of water reservoirs, which will enable attaining of a large economic effect. Main components of the existing in Georgia hydro objects are: energy production, irrigation, water provision, regulation of flooding, recreation, tourism, sports. In the mountainous conditions filling of reservoirs take place in spring time, when snow and glaciers melt. In Georgia as in mountainous country, abundant rains take place, thus causing catastrophic flooding on rivers. In summer and winter water amount decreases 10 times and irrigation, water provision and energy production is impeded. Thus, the lack of water just like the excess amount of water causes damage. This is why it is needed to forecast water amount in water reservoirs for different periods of the year. But in a complex, mountainous terrain operative data of hydrometeorology is not sufficient for application of modern mathematical methods. We have elaborated multiple-factor statistical model for a forecast, which by means of different mathematical criteria and methods can simultaneously research the increase of the timeliness of forecasts and the level of their precision. This method is universal due to its algorithms and computer programs and can be used in different statistical researches. Through their application we have obtained methodologies for short and long term forecasts of inflowing water properties in Georgia’s main water reservoirs to further plan optimally and regulate water resources and their unimpeded and safe exploitation.

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Potential and functions of landscapes of Georgia Nodar Elizbarashvili Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

[email protected] Studying of potential of landscape – one of the basic questions of landscape analysis and planning. High-grade definition of landscape potential predetermines protection and rational use of landscapes, presentation of functions by it. The landscape potential is frequently identified with nature-resource potential that is used, or will be used in the economic or recreational purposes. The Landscape potential can change or be transformed in dependences from needs of the population. The basic (in conditions of Georgia, except for Tbilisi and other large cities) are resource and ecological, minor – settle and recreational needs. The potential of a landscape, first of all, should be examined both traditional, and nontraditional resource (solar, wind, geothermal, recreational, etc.) potential. Definition of functions of landscapes is the basic purpose of landscape-ecological synthesis. Definition of functions of landscapes is closely connected with socio-functional analysis and the perspective of economic forecast of separate territories. Functions of landscapes are connected to two aspects: 1. the function determined by needs of a society; 2. function, determined by landscape-ecological features – a condition, sustainability, potential, etc. The Quantity function of the first aspect much more exceeds the quantity of the second. The second type of landscape functions are grouped as follows: the basic – 1. Resource-producing (are submitted by ecological resources for rural, wood, power, water economy); 2. Environmental-producing (are submitted with potential of producing of separate natural resources); 3. Nature protecting (minor); 4. Recreational and 5. Settled. In XX century orientation of wildlife management of landscapes of Georgia repeatedly varied, especially those landscapes which are submitted in flat territories. Now functions of landscapes are determined by an environment and nature-resource potential, historical-geographical features of economy, ethnic traditions, socio- economic needs, etc.

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Comparison of analogue and digital generalization for example of river network generalization Aleksandar Valjarevic1, Dragica Zivkovic2, Mila Pavlovic2, Jasmina Jovanovic2 1

Faculty of Natural Science University in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia; 2Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Serbia

[email protected] Cartography is a science which the most realizes changes because it more often are used modern computer technologies. GIS is a system which accelerate the development of technology, because the interface is moving maps from table to PC monitor. Visualization is containing process where the ultimate goal is production of maps, map doesn’t need to be presented in analogical way, but is already completely digitized. Computer-supported generalization of rivers on Kosovo and Metohia has a goal to presented effects and achievements of modern cartography science, but also to present results and levels of basic manual generalization, and to compare with effects of digital, computersupported generalization. Every newly map which present the given territory has a goal to compare and present derived results on the best and fastest way. Generalization is a method which can be used in those purpose and the results can be applicable to various forms of digital maps. Analog and digital generalization to compare, because comparisons of them. For the example set out in the river network generalization in scale 1:25000 1:50000, 1:100000, 1:300000. Finally, the results of both generalizations are compared and deduced in certain forms.

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Technogenic disaster risk assessment and management (example of gold minning-Kazreti open quarry) N. Tsivtsivadze, N. Khidasheli, L. Lagidze, N. Paichadze, N. Motsonelidze Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

[email protected] At the modern stage of humankind development, research of technogenic disasters in the World becomes topical. At the same time, one of the most important issues is environment pollution (air, soil, water), linked with climate change, human health deterioration, mortality rate growth and other social-economic problems. Presently, against the background of industrial stagnation, the enterprises mining minerals through the open quarry procedure - Chiatura Manganese, Kazreti copper-barite-poly-metal deposit, etc. - are the main source of environment pollution in Georgia. It should be mentioned that according the concept of ecological safety, proved by National Academy of Sciences of Georgia, river Mashavera basin (location of Kazreti quarry- Bolnisi district) is recognized as an ecological disaster zone. Assimilation of this deposit is followed by environment pollution – surface and ground waters, relief and landscape change, flora and fauna degradation and the most important of them all – has negative impact on the health of local population (proved by early deaths, childlessness, pregnancy termination, increased number of infants as well as their mothers deaths, mutation, etc). On the other hand, new jobs are created for the workers as they find employment in these enterprises, which is also an important factor indicating improvement of social-economical condition of this district. Risk evaluation and management of the negative impact on population and environment caused by ecological violations during assimilation of copper-barite-polymetal deposit through development of relevant recommendations and preventive measures directed at environment protection and raise of the population awareness (knowledge) is discussed.

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Using the GIS for multitemporal assessment (1850-2000) of visual impact of quarries in the Ceske Stredohori Mts. (N Czech Republic) Pavel Raska, Lucie Beranova, Martin Balej Jan Evangelista University in Usti nad Labem, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Czech Republic

[email protected] Visual impact of quarries belongs to significant landscape-ecological effects related to extraction of raw materials and its assessment is frequently used for reclamation purposes in order to evaluate their non-economical aspects. The presented research was aimed at multitemporal assessment of visual impacts of quarries in the protected landscape area České středohoří Mts., which is the Cainozoic volcanic range with an area of ca 1600 km2 located in N Czech Republic. Large part of the area (ca 1000 km2) is protected under the conservation law since 1976 due its geologic, geomorphologic and biological values. The area belongs among the most characteristic post-volcanic landscapes within the Europe. On the other hand, it was affected by intensive quarrying since the mid-19th century, because the volcanic products (mostly basaltic rocks) are very suitable as building materials. Some of the volcanic hills were almost destroyed by quarrying, while some abandoned quarries have developed in precious habitats for diverse species. We carried out the assessment of visual impacts of quarries in three time horizons: mid-19th century, mid-20th century, present-days. We used the maps of stable cadastre and 3rd military mapping (18231843), and aerial orthophotos (1954, and 2004-2010) to identify the extent of more than 80 visible quarries. Using the digital elevation model (DEM, digital data 1:25 000), which was pre-assessed as regards its accuracy, we applied the Spatial Analyst in ArcGIS 9.2 to detect the areas that were visually affected by quarrying in each of the three time horizons. The results show an increasing visual effect per one quarry, different rates of visual recovery of quarries by vegetation regeneration, and enabled to detect locations that were affected by long-term visual impacts. The results can be used for landscape management purposes as well as for optimization of further quarrying activity.

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Brownfields - strength poles of the Iaşi urban space reconstruction Teodora Mădălina Paftală, Nicoleta Monica Mustăţea Faculty of Geography-Geology, Al. I. Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania

[email protected] Contemporary trends of Romanian urban area development highlights the need, increasingly stringent, for reintegration, restoration of the old abandoned industrial sites, uselessly occupying large areas in a period when we speak increasingly about the lack of space. In order to support the reconstruction of urban space, it is necessary to transform the vast brownfields sites that represent real barriers to advanced spatial planning. How modern cities manage to reorganize and rebuild their space, after the political changes, economic and social life in the 90s and experienced changes in the old and new urban poles of attraction, are just some of the challenges to whom our study is trying to find answers. Studying a pole requires an analysis on the occurrence and of its functioning within a certain period. Also, it is imperative to analyze its impact on the spatial and economic conjuncture. Starting from the idea that polycentrism is the basic principle in territorial planning, the research seeks to identify and analyze new poles of reconstruction/ development of Iaşi urban space, 20 years after the political changes following the events of 1989.

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Using GIS Open Sources applications in decrypting the historical frame of a territory on the basis of the historical maps. Case study: the Cicăneşti Subcarpathian basin (Romania) Gabriela Osaci-Costache University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Bucharest, Romania

[email protected]

The study aims to recover the patterns of the territory by using the historical maps in GIS Open Source environment. It focuses on the different type of land use in the Subcarpathian basin of Cicăneşti (Getic Subcarpathians), because this was the most visible anthropogenic transformation which gradually determined a “stratified” landscape. We used maps created between 1790 and 1997, from the Specht’s Map to topographic map in UTM projection. These were scanned, brought to a common reference system, digitized and then analyzed in GIS Open Source applications: Quantum GIS, GRASS, MapAnalyst, gvSIG. The synthesis thematic maps were elaborated in the same Free and Open Source environments (QGIS, Inkscape, GIMP, Philcarto). In order to highlight the dynamics in recent centuries a diachronic cartographic analysis has been made, the smooth overlap of the maps used in facilitating comparisons. Deforestation produced after 1790 affected over 44% of the basin and caused a decrease in the natural index of nearly 100% in 1790 to about 55% in 1997. Forests have been reduced due to the need for new agricultural land, imposed by the numerical increase of population and settlements. Following the intensification of livestock and “Ungureni” earthlings (in an area of transhumance), in the late nineteenth century pastures and meadows began to expand, reaching a peak in the early twentieth century. In their place, socialist large orchards were established after the ‘60s. The toponyms remember the old forests and clearing techniques, the land use in the past, the old agricultural practices, forgotten today, the landscape transformation in a forestpastoral economy, being a source for restoring the history of a territory as a prerequisite for a sustainable development. The GIS Open Source applications have enabled the reconstruction of the historical frame of the territory analyzed by quantitative and qualitative means and methods, proved to be efficient.

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Influence of traffic-related air pollutants concentration on the risk of COPD symptoms Artur Badyda1, Wojciech Lubiński2, Piotr Dąbrowiecki2, Piotr Oskar Czechowski3, Grzegorz Majewski4, Anna Gayer1 1

Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw, Poland, 2 Military Institute of Medicine, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defence, Warsaw, Poland, 3 Gdynia Maritime University, Department of Information Systems, Gdynia, Poland, 4 Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw, Poland.

[email protected] The aim of study was to present results of risk analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) depending on traffic-related air pollutants concentration. The medical investigation was carried out among 750 persons living in the vicinity of main roads in Warsaw and 756 citizens of rural areas. The measurement of traffic density and air pollutants concentration in the proximity of investigated areas were made simultaneously.Examined persons were asked to accomplish a questionnaire on occurrence of the most common respiratory system diseases symptoms, allergies, cigarette smoking and others. Following this, pulmonary function tests were done. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the risk of airways obstruction appearance. The results of the analysis showed that cigarette smoking raises the risk of airways obstruction by more than 2 times among city inhabitants. Living close to a busy road increases the risk almost 3 times in comparison with residents of rural areas. Values of estimators for model parameters were statistically significant (p