2010 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (ICBEE 2010)
Properties of Aerated Concrete Containing Various Amount of Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Water Content and Binder Sand Ratio
2 4 3 l 5 Khairunisa Abdullah , Nasly M.A. , Mohd Warid Hussin , Norhaiza Nordin , Zahrizan Zakaria 1,2,4,5 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang
[email protected], 2nasly ump.edu.my,
[email protected],
[email protected] Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai, Johor
[email protected]
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benefits of mankind and at the same time reducing the amount of waste ending up in landfill thus creating problems to the environment as well as the surrounding community. Looking at the history of the utilization of this material in concrete production, investigation by Abu [2] has lead to classification of this ash as pozzolanic material thus initiated other researchers [3,4,5,6] to explore the possibility of utilizing this waste in concrete production as cement replacement material. As a result, several types of concrete such as normal concrete [3], high strength concrete [4] and aerated concrete [5,6] containing POFA as partial cement replacement that exhibits enhanced strength and durability compared to the plain concrete specimen has been produced. Although, past studies [7,8] has looked into the possibility of integrating this ash as partial cement replacement of aerated concrete but investigation on the strength development of this material throughout the curing age remain silent. Furthermore, the behavior of this concrete due to variation in water content and binder sand ratio also remain unknown. Therefore, the early part of this paper would be discussing the behavior of aerated concrete upon usage of various levels of ash replacement before looking into the strength development of this material. Then, the discussion would move on to the effect of different water content and binder sand ratio on this agro cement based lightweight concrete properties. On overall, this study attempts to fill several existing gaps related to the behavior of this green lightweight concrete which is expected to reduce the amount of ash ending up in landfill as well as being an alternative construction material for the local building contractor.
Abstract- Palm oil fuel ash (POFA), a waste by-product from palm oil mills, is continuously increasing in amount. The POFA which is disposed off by the Malaysian palm oil mills into landfills could be causing environmental pollution and there is a need to study the possibility of recycling this waste product. A study was carried out on the behavior of this agro based aerated concrete based on the usage of different ash replacement ratio.
levels,
water
content
and
binder
sand
Initially, mortar cubes (70.6mm) containing various
replacement levels of ash were produced and tested for their compressive
strengths.
From
these
results
the
optimum
strength from the related replacement level (20%) of POFA was used to investigate further the properties of the mortar cubes due to water content and binder sand ratio.
Tests
carried out for compressive strength followed the procedures in BS 1881 : Part 116. The results show that the integration of 20%
POFA
in
aerated
concrete
could
be
used
as
the
production of a new green product suitable for non structural applications. content is responsible
Study
also
suggests
that
appropriate
water
necessary to promote aeration process that is for
the
lightness
of
this
material.
However,
integration of too much water content may promote rupture of pores and bleeding thus diminishes the strength of concrete. Sufficient cement is vital for the binding of the fine aggregates thus promoting concrete with good strength.
Keywords-palm oil fuel ash; aerated concrete; replacement level; water content; binder sand ratio I.
ash
INTRODUCTION
Malaysia being one of the largest palm oil producers, has been generating abundant by-product known as palm oil fuel ash from the palm oil mill. This environmentally polluting ash which is disposed as waste is produced from burning the extracted palm oil husk and palm oil shell is as fuel in the boiler of palm oil mill. Since, this country is expected to produce 42% of the world palm oil in 2020 [1], it is predicted that the quantity of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) generated would increase as the production of palm oil continues to grow throughout the year. Therefore, more research needs to be done to utilize this material for the
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II.
METHODOLOGY
Palm oil fuel ash used throughout this study was collected from a local palm oil mill situated in the area of Bukit Lawang, Johor. Collected ashes were dried for 24 hours before sieved and then subjected to grinding process to produce fine ash complying the requirement in ASTM
391
2010 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (ICBEE 2010)
III.
C618 - 05 [9]. Based on the chemical composition analysis illustrated in Table 1, this ash can be classified as class F pozzolan in accordance to ASTM C618 - 05 [9]. As for the cement, ordinary Portland cement (ASTM Type I) from single source was used throughout the experimental programme. Local river sand was oven dried at 230°F for 24 hours before sieved and kept in closed container. Aluminium powder was used as gas foaming agent. Superplasticizer was also added in all aerated concrete mix to increase workability and for achievement of high early strength. Tap water has been used throughout the experiment. TABLEt
A.
OPC
POFA
28.2
53.82
Aluminium Oxide (AL,03)
4.9
5.66
Ferric Oxide (FeP3)
2.5
4.54
Calcium Oxide (CaO)
50.4
4.24
Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
3.1
3.19
Sodium Oxide (Na,O)
0.2
0.1
Potassium Oxide (K,O)
0.4
4.47
Sulphur Oxide (S03)
2.3
2.25
