jobs for the people. This is proven by few LGU in the country. ..... BSBA, BSC, Economics) comprising about 34% in all. 2.3.1. Current Population for each ...
PROPOSAL FOR 10-YEAR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP) OF RIZAL, LAGUNA FOR THE YEAR 2014-2024
ARVIN LAPIZ VALDERRAMA
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUBJECT ChE 284 – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAÑOS
APRIL 2013
RATIONALE
Sustainable solid waste management program is possible if there will be sufficient political will in the part of the Local Government Unit (LGU). Because it is the responsibility of the LGU to provide the means and capacity to have a good waste management practices. Through establishing ordinances and initiating education and information campaign, citizens’ participation could be achieved. Solid Waste Management Facilities are essential tools not only for the easy of processing of but also have a strong impact on the mindset of the people.
Most LGU have a negative impression about investing in their Solid Waste Management Program (SWMP) because LGUs find it costly and impractical. But once properly designed and implemented, SWMP could be income generating to the LGU as well as it could create jobs for the people. This is proven by few LGU in the country. Development of related industries could be achieved through the application of various technologies like biodegradable and residual waste processing. Some LGU may argue that every sustainable SWMP starts will the citizen’s participation. It is correct at some points, but public initiative in segregation and applying SWM techniques will be insufficient because if the end-pipe of the waste have no capacity to handle the solid waste properly. In this case, the public’s effort to improve the SWM will be futile.
The efficiency of the SWM greatly relies on the proper segregation and diversion of solid waste. Proper segregation relies on the knowledge and participation of the people. And the participation of the people relies on the political will of the government to implement its policies and to educate its people. This is why it all boils down to the integrity and willingness of the government to make a difference.
ARVIN LAPIZ VALDERRAMA
1. Introduction Pursuant to the relevant provisions of R.A. No. 7160, the development and implementation of an ecological solid waste management is one of the basic services a local government unit should provide to its constituents. In the case of Rizal, Laguna, with the view of RA 9003, this undertaking is long overdue. The community of Rizal has been used to the traditional way of disposing its solid wastes wherein garbage trucks will visit households weekly. On those years, the local government has nothing to do but allocate funds in exchange of collection services and fees paid on dumpsites of neighbouring towns. However, with the eventual closure of these dumpsites and political changes, the town was left with no resort but to stand on its own solid waste management guided by the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. R.A. 9003 provided for the ways on how a municipality should enforce and implement a good solid waste management. 1.1.
Purpose
The implementation of the R.A. 9003 and municipal ordinances which are yet to be formulated and implemented as support to this endeavor are of prime consideration in this plan. The success of a solid waste management at the local level depend primarily on how the LGUs are able to implement the mandate given by the RA 9003 as well as how the local community will respond to the local initiatives instituted. This 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) will primarily deal with understanding the existing capacities and the basic requirements in developing a sustainable Solid Waste Management practice in Rizal, Laguna.
1.1.1. Vision related to solid waste management Rizal’s vision is to establish a SWM program that would facilitate the development of different environment conservation programs. A synergistic relationship will be established among the environmental policy, making Rizal as a model municipality in terms of Solid Waste Management. 1.1.2. Key issues facing the community Several issues must be dealt with first. Number one in the list is the absence of regular solid waste collection in the municipality. Due to some limitations, garbage collection is not done on a regular basis and sometime the local citizens are not aware about its exact schedule. Collection and transport of solid wastes is done only once a month by a private hauler. A huge chunk of the expenses comes from the disposal fee of the solid waste to Calamba City. Another issue about collecting the solid waste only once a month is the accumulation of waste. This is one of the serious problems along the Poblacion area where most of the population is located. The LGU is proposing the establishment of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) to accommodate the segregation. Establishment of sanitary landfill can also be considered because there is no existing landfill near the LGU.
Implementation of solid waste management technology such as briquette making, composting, and residual waste processing will also be explored. Existing proposals and their feasibility will be discussed. Finally, there is still no specific group or unit established that is in-charge with dealing with SWM and the different specific duties (e.g. Biodegradable Solid Waste Management Committee) different committee has been established but it is still not enough as the LGU is experiencing currently. 1.1.3. Goals for the plan, and how the plan will help to alleviate the issues facing the community To address some, if not most of the issues mentioned above the following recommendations have been made:
Eco-tourism through Sustainable Solid Waste Management Waste Segregation at Source Segregation Bins Organized Collection of Solid Wastes Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) Utilization of Different Technologies for SWM Diversion of Solid Waste to Income Generating Practices Accreditation of Mobile Junkshops Reward System Penalize violators Establishment of SWM Committee Communication Support Materials on SWM as IEC
For the waste segregation at source, the wastes are recommended to be separated into Compostable/Biodegradable, Recyclable, Residual, and Special wastes. Segregation bins will be used for the different kinds of wastes. This segregation will help lessen the amount of wastes collected and dumped in Calamba. These bins will help people segregate. The biodegradables are planned to be composted within the MRF. Other technologies involving biodegradable waste could also be considered. The recyclables are suggested to be collected by accredited junkshops. This will address the issue with scavengers and the security issue that comes with them and from the roving junk buyers. To further support this segregation, a satellite MRF will be put up in selected barangays. Those that can’t don’t have the place and time to compost, sell their recyclables, or for any other reasons, could deliver them in this MRF and/or composting facility. However, guidelines of who can deliver their wastes there should be made so as not to pose any additional/new problems with dealing with SW. Once LGU administered solid waste collection was initiated. The LGU will have a strict policy of collecting “residuals only”. To really know if the specific household or establishment is following this policy, garbage bags should be placed by each household or establishment separately. This is to know readily if there is a violation and who is responsible for it.
The accredited mobile junkshops will also have their own schedule of collecting wastes. It is suggested that there is this one place per area where people could put their recyclables. This is so that the Junkshops will only have to go to that specific place, and not go around each house anymore. This is for security purposes. To really monitor if the policies that are existing and those proposed are/will be implemented properly, proper delegation of powers, i.e. to Philippine National Police (PNP) and to other municipal personnel should be done. Additional enforcers are also suggested, but if it is hard to do this, Citizen could also be empowered. A citizen watch could also be campaigned. If feasible, citizen suits should be made possible. To further encourage the participation and compliance of the citizens, reward system is recommended. Guidelines for this should be made. 1.1.4. Intent of RA 9003 and its effect on solid waste management Table 1. Effects of RA 9003 to the Solid Waste Management RA 9003 Policies Effect on Solid Waste Management Ensure the protection of public health and proper dealing and handling of wastes environment proper collection and places for disposal Utilize environmentally-sound methods that investment on research to determine maximize the utilization of those environmentally-sound methods valuable resources and encourage resources invite investors conservation and recovery invite possible technology providers Set guidelines and targets for solid waste discipline and cooperation to the people avoidance and volume reduction proper implementation and enforcement through source reduction and waste of Rizal of their plans minimization measures, including conduct seminars for capacity building composing, recycling, re-use, recovery, of involved personnel and another for green charcoal process, and others, IEC of stakeholders before collection, treatment and disposal in think of innovative ideas on how to deal appropriate and environmentally-sound this materials so that they will not be solid waste management facilities in wastes accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles Ensure the proper segregation, collection, Bins for segregation transport, storage, treatment and MRF disposal of solid waste through the Dump trucks formulation and adoption of the best Creation of high-value products from environmental practices in ecological waste waste management excluding Research or hiring of consultant incineration Promote national research and development Cooperate with these programs for improved solid Plans and goals should be in-line with waste management and resource the national government’s conservation techniques, more effective Improve institutional arrangements as institutional arrangement and indigenous well for them to be more effective and improved methods of waste reduction, collection, separation and
recovery Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management
Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management with local government units while establishing a cooperative effort among the national government, other local government units, non-government organizations, and the private sector
Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators through the application of market-based instruments Institutionalize public participation in the development and implementation of national and local integrated, comprehensive and ecological waste management programs Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste management and resource conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of formal and nonformal education in order to promote environmental awareness and action among the citizenry.
1.2.
Involve community (residents, students, employees, businesses, etc.) in activities Encourage communities (residents, students, employees, businesses, etc.) to conduct their own activities in relation to SWM, even if it is only for awareness or as a campaign Capacity building Empower personnel involved Clarify LGU’s duties and responsibilities, i.e. to the personnel involved Cooperate and coordinate with national govt, other LGU’s, NGO and other private sector Exchange and share information, they could be useful also for others and avoid repetition data/information gathering, research or mistakes Capacity building Help/connect them, i.e. finding markets Prepare IEC materials People in-charge or preparing and disseminating Funds Find ways to sustain active participation Suggest required discussion about pollution, to be taken on the every year as a part of their subject.
Approach
This part of the SWMP will discuss the specific strategy that will be implemented through the plan’s time frame. Continuous data collection and technology development will be the essential part of the over-all approach. 1.2.1. Approach used in preparing plan Brainstorming and knowing what output is expected should be done first. From there, data collection is done. Secondary data are first gathered and then primary data. Several approaches will be done to collect data for the plan. First would be collecting and compiling
of existing information related to SWM strategies that the LGU have. Collect some information or data that the national or local government have that could be used for doing the plan. There are also some previous studies done could be looked into. Interviews on people involved with SWM should also be done to know the current situation and what they want or suggest that should be done. If there are information gaps, primary data collection is then commenced. 1.2.2. Data sources Possible sources of data are:
Municipal Government of Rizal Municipal Government of Los Baños DENR-EMB’s Best Practices for SWM of LGUs Provincial Government of Laguna Laguna Lake Development Authority Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community Participation (LISCOP) University of the Philippines Los Baños
1.3.
Acknowledgements
This proposal for 10-year SWMP was made possible through the cooperation of the Local Government of Rizal. Especially to the Municipal ENRO – Mr. Frankie L. Concordia and Councilor. Vina Lorraine Orolfo. The lectures and activities during the class of Solid Waste Management Course (ChE 284) handled by Professor Rex B. Demafelis with Engr. Gino M. Guerrero Engr. Leozar D. Herrera, and Engr. Donna B. Libunao of the Chemical Engineering Department, University of the Philippines Los Baños gave the necessary information and idea about formulating the 10-year SWMP.
2.
Rizal Profile
2.1. Bio-physical Profile The municipality’s feature and location are two of the main consideration in planning the appropriate SWM strategy to be implemented. This does not only include the topographic properties but also the population and its economic activities.
Figure 1. Map and Location of Rizal, Laguna
2.1.1. Location Rizal is an interior municipality of Laguna province located 25 kilometers from the provincial capital of Sta. Cruz, about 13 kilometers from the city of San Pablo, 5 kilometers to its adjoining municipality of Nagcarlan, and more or less 99 kilometers from the National Laguna. The municipality of Rizal is bounded on the east by Nagcarlan, Laguna, on the west by San Pablo City and on the south by Dolores, Quezon. The municipality of Rizal, Laguna has a total land area of 2,790 hectares and is composed of 11 barangays. Among the barangays, Tala is the largest with approximately 1,705.33 hectares or 61.12% of the total land area of Rizal. Barangay Entablado and Antipolo are the second and third largest Barangays with approximately 263 hectares or 9.42% and 241.94 hectares or 8.67% of the total land area, respectively. The Poblacion, which is composed of two urban barangays (East Poblacion and West Poblacion), has the smallest land area with 7.77 hectares or 0.28% of the total area of Rizal.
Table 2. Area distribution of Barangays in Rizal, Laguna Barangay
Land Area (has.)
Tala Entablado Antipolo Pook Talaga Pauli II Tuy Laguan Pauli I West Poblacion East Poblacion
1,705.330 263.000 241.940 140.770 134.568 90.000 86.720 82.120 37.940 5.579 2.194
Percent Distribution 61.12 9.42 8.67 5.04 4.83 3.23 3.11 2.94 1.36 0.20 0.08
TOTAL
2,790.00
100.00
2.2. History Rizal, formerly a small town of Rizal, Laguna was only a barrio of Nagcarlan, Province of Laguna. It was called Barrio Pauli which came from the word “Pauli-uli” or moving back and forth after the meandering creek close by. In 1912, Barrio Pauli obtained its municipal status with Pedro Urrea, Sr. as its Municipal President. It then became the municipality of Rizal, named after the country’s national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal (Figure 2). However, two years after its independence the administration of Rizal was returned to Nagcarlan because of the inability of the municipal officials to provide the basic needs of the government necessary to its operations. Consequently, the former municipality then became Barrio Rizal, again of Nagcarlan, Laguna. On December 19, 1918, Acting Governor-General Charles E. Yeather issued an Executive Order No. 58 increasing the twenty seven municipalities of the Province of Laguna to twentyeight by separating Barrio Rizal from the municipality of Nagcarlan and reorganizing the same into an independent municipality comprising the eight barrios of Antipolo, Entablado, Maiton, Laguan, Pauli, Talaga, Tuy and Pook. That took effect in January 1, 1919. After its creation, Fortunato U. Arban and Agustin Vista were appointed Municipal President and Municipal Vice President respectively, until they got elected in the same positions during the first local elections in 1919.
Figure 2. The Municipal Hall, Rizal, Laguna
2.3. Population Rizal has a total population of 16,820 in 3,477 households; with an average household size are 4.35. Recorded 2.67% increase in population per year. Religion is dominated by Christians with the majority who are Roman Catholics (86.11%), Iglesia Ni Cristo (3.55) and Aglipayan (3.44%). Language spoken is Tagalog. The Rural Health Center in Rizal is located in Barangay Pauli 2 and it serves all the barangays in the municipality. In 2001, there were 15 live births per 1,000 population and six deaths per 1,000 populations. The ten leading causes of mortality are cardiovascular diseases like pneumonia, cirrhosis of the liver, status asthmasticus, cerebrovascular accident, cancer, chronic glomerulonepthritis, typhoid fever, pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus. Some of the health issues to be addressed in the municipality are malnutrition among children prevalent in some of the barangays. Absence of hospital in the municipality which forced local residents to go nearby municipalities for hospital care attention, and inadequate day care centers. Overall, the literacy rate of the total population is 97.71%, which is quite higher than the national average of 93.4%. Among the ranks of municipal officials and permanent employees, 9.68% (6 of 62) have achieved graduate degrees (MS, Ph.D. and equivalent courses), 64.52% are college graduates, 14.52% vocational courses/2nd Year College, and 11.29% high school and high school graduates. Majority of the personnel are of business and related courses (e.g. BSBA, BSC, Economics) comprising about 34% in all. 2.3.1. Current Population for each Barangay Bulk of the population in the LGU is located along the National Highway from San Pablo City to Nagcarlan, Laguna. The urban area is divided to the West and East Poblacion these are location were the population has the highest density (26.3 Person/km2). The density map and population profile are shown in Figure 3 and Table 3.
Figure 3. Density Map of Rizal (Person per Hectare). Table 3. Population Density and Household Size by Barangay Barangay
A. Urban 1. East Poblacion 2. West Poblacion Sub-total B. Rural 1. Antipolo 2. Entablado 3. Laguan 4. Pauli I 5. Pauli II 6. Pook 7. Tala 8. Talaga 9. Tuy Sub-total TOTAL Source: MMIS, 2011
Populatio n
Area (km2)
Density (person/km2 )
No. of Househol d
Average Househol d Size
738 1,306 2,044
33.3 44.4 77.7
22.16216 29.41441 26.30631
158 229 387
4.67 5.70 5.28
2,707 414 383 1046 1,736 1,900
2419.4 2630 821.2 379.4 900 1407.7 17053. 3 1345.7 867.2 27823. 9 27901. 6
1.118872 0.157414 0.466391 2.756985 1.928889 1.349719
552 87 87 206 406 440 532
4.90 4.76 4.40 5.08 4.28 4.32 5.19
385 395 3,090
5.38 4.45 4.78
3,477
4.84
2,762 2,070 1,758 14,776 16,820
0.161963 1.538233 2.027214 0.531054 0.602833
2.3.2. Projection of Rizal Population (10-year). In preparing a comprehensive 10-year SWMP, demographic changes through time must also be considered. The solid waste generated has a strong relationship with the number of people located in the LGU. The historical growth of population in Rizal is shown in Table 4. Table 4. Historical growth of population Municipality of Rizal Year 1950 1960 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012
Population 3,901 5,390 6,539 8,097 7,510 9,501 11,573 12,262 13,823 16,820
Increase/decrease Increase Increase Increase Increase Decrease Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase
Growth rate 2.82 2.73 1.95 4.37 -1.49 2.38 3.96 1.53 2.14 2.67
To project the population we could project the expected growth rate using the average growth rate for the past 10 years. The average growth rate of the population is 2.41%. This will then be used the population for the next 10 years. The projected population is shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Projected Population for 2014-2024 Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Projected Population 17,685 18,110 18,546 18,992 19,449 19,916 20,395 20,886 21,388 21,902 22,429
This data will be used in the calculation of the solid waste generation of the LGU for the specific period of time. It will important for the required capacity building and Information and Education Campaign (IEC) in the community.
2.4. Economic Profile and Land Use 2.4.1. Economic and Financial Profile The NSCB classified Rizal as a 5th class municipality. As probably the poorest in the province, it is very much dependent on the national government or its existence and operation. Records from the Bureau of Local Government Finance (BLGF) have shown that Rizal received the lowest IRA from the national government compared with other municipalities of Laguna in 2008. Rizal is considered an agricultural municipality as majority of its land is devoted to agricultural activities. The major agricultural products are coconut, banana, lanzones, rice, vegetables, and root crops. The municipal profile is shown below: Agriculture Crop production Total Land area devoted to agriculture Total CARPable are Number of farmers
: : :
Forestry Total area of production forests
2,580.79 (92.5%) None 115 (Rice farmers)
: 17.259 has. (0.62%)
Mining No mining activities exist in the municipality Generally, Rizal has a present (2011) labor force of 9,098 constituting 57.4% of its total population, who are engaged in major industries to include agriculture and fisheries, commerce and tourism. Farmers are also engaged in inland fisheries raising tilapia and other freshwater fishes at an annual production of 6,885 tons from their ponds and from Calibato Lake. Other industries are small-scale businesses that include bakery, homemade candies, pastries, Lambanog, slipper and stainless making, copra production and coconut oil bottling. Existing commercial industries include canteen/eatery, general merchandise, construction supplies/hardware, trucking services, trading, computer shop, gasoline station, and cell centers (cell site). 2.4.2. Land Use Based on the existing land use, almost all of the 11 barangays engage agricultural farming, except barangay east and west poblacion. The proposed plan identified areas that are suitable for agricultural practices. This includes the prime agricultural lands and those that are presently planted with tree crops. These areas which are suitable for agricultural practices have been classified based on the Land Capability and Soil suitability Analysis. The map for land use is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Land Use of Rizal Laguna Urban land use would entail on the Poblacion area of the municipality. This would encompass 7.773 hectares or 0.28% of the total land area. It is broken down to residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, parks, and open spaces. The breakdown of the Land use is shown in Table 6 and Table 7.
Table 6. Existing Land Use of Rizal, Laguna. Land use category Built-up area Agriculture Forest Special use Agro-industrial Tourism Lake TOTAL
Areas (has) 154.439 2580.789 17.259 37.676 6.726 7.5 23.450 2790
% to total area 5.54 92.5 0.62 1.35
100
Table 7. Land Use for the Built-up Area. Land use category
Urban Area (has.)
Residential Commercial Institutional Industrial Open spaces Parks/playground Grasslands/pasturelands
5.522 0.362 0.216 0.156 0.156 -
% to total built-up Area 74.53 4.89 2.92 2.11 -
Cemetery Infrastrcuture facilities Roads TOTAL
1.153 1.153
15.56 -
Rural Area (has) 28.822 0.241 1.935 0.957 96.460 0.321 95.036
0.833 18.615 18.615 154.439
% to total built up area 19.60 0.16 1.32 0.65 65.61 12.66 -
2.5. Major Transportation Routes and Traffic Conditions. The traffic inside the LGU is usually light to moderate. Traffic becomes heavy are during the time 7-8AM and 3-5PM, this are the time where classes on schools starts and ends This is also the time when working hour starts and ends. As seen in Figure 5, the red arrows represent the roads accessible to public utility jeepneys. All roads are accessible to private vehicles. The arrow shows the route of jeepneys from San Pablo City going to Nagcarlan Laguna.
Figure 5. Route of Public Utility Vehicles along the Poblacion Area Aside from the dump trucks, only small to medium vehicles frequent the area. Buses only appear when there are fieldtrips to the Tayak Hill and other tourist destinations in Rizal. The flow of vehicle around the Tayak Hill is shown in Figure 6. Trucks also pass through the LGU frequently when there are deliveries and transport of materials. Most of the times jeepneys and private cars are the vehicles that can be seen.
Figure 6. Transportation Route Aroun Tayak Hill
2.6. Physical Characteristics Data on the physical characteristics of the LGU will be beneficial in the assessment of the environmental impact of different activities for solid waste management. An example of which is to determine if the land is suitable for the establishment of a Sanitary Land Fill (SLF) 2.6.1. Geology Large portion of Rizal has 0-3% slopes or level to nearly level which occupies 1,476 has or 52.9% of the total land area is suitable for cultivation as well as for urban development due to no apparent to very slight erosion potential. However, 291.67 ha (10.5% of the total land area of Rizal) has steeply undulating to very steeply sloping and rolling land with 15% and above slope. Thus, this area is considered marginally suitable to not suitable for cultivation and urban use due to severe to highly severe erosion potential.
Figure 7. Land Capability Map
Moreover, the remaining 1,022 has or 36.6% to total area has slope category of 3-8% to 815% or gently sloping to moderately undulating lands. These lands were considered moderately to marginally suitable for cultivation and urban development. These lands however, may be slightly to moderately susceptible to erosion. 2.6.2. Hydrology The municipality of Rizal has mainly good sources of ground reserves, numerous shallow wells, and natural springs. Most of the water used for domestic consumption comes from natural springs at San Miguel in Barangay Pook where its main reservoirs are located. Groundwater reserves and shallow wells were also found to be fit for domestic use, thus, water supply has not been a recurring problem of the municipality.
Figure 8. Bodies of Water in Rizal
The Municipality of Rizal has river system namely: the Mayton and May-it River. The Mayton River is located at the southern part of Rizal and has its source between Barangay Tala and Pook traversing Barangay Tuy, Pauli #1, and Antipolo at the right side of the river and barangay Tala at its left side down to Calibato Lake, thus, making barangays main tributaries of the said lake excluding the creek at Barangay Talaga. May-it River, on the other hand, has its main source at Nagcarlan, Laguna where it traverses Barangay Pook, Laguan, Pauli 1, Pauli 2, and Entablado making these barangays a tributary of Laguna Lake where this river is directed. These rivers are also used for bathing, laundry, and irrigation. Calibato Lake is located with San Pablo City, Barangay Tala and Barangay Antipolo. An approximate portion of 41.25 has been in Rizal and it is mainly used for fishing activities. Fishing cages were built along the lake and fishermen are mostly producing tilapia.
2.6.3. Air Average of the monthly recorded wind direction values from 1990-2010 (Figure 9) shows that the prevailing wind direction is from the North East towards the Municipality. For 2004, the particulate matter, PM10, levels in the campus measured by Agromet in are below the limit set by DENR-EMB (Figure 10).
Figure 9. Prevailing Wind Direction.
Figure 10. Average Daily Particulate Matter 10 (ug/m3)
2.6.4. Climate There are two pronounced seasons in Rizal, the dry and the wet seasons. The dry season is from February to June and its wet is from July to January. The hottest months occur in March and April and the coldest months are December and January. The annual average temperature recorded for the municipality of Rizal in 1990 was 27.4°C. The monthly maximum temperature was in May (29.3°C), while the minimum monthly temperature recorded was in January (25°C). The figure below shows the monthly average temperature and %relative humidity, respectively, in the area; with summer months having the highest temperature (i.e. May) and %RH (i.e. April).
Figure 11. Climatic Condition in Rizal, Laguna throughout the year.
2.6.5. Soil According to Figure 5. Rizal has five types of soils namely Macolod Clay Loam, Lipa Clay Loam, Macolod Clay Loam (Steep Phase), Luisian Clay Loam, and Mountain Soil. Majority of the soil type in Rizal is in the clay category. Clay type of soil is suitable for sanitary landfill application because it prevents the seepage of water and leachate.
Figure 12. Basic Soil Type Map
3. Current Solid Waste Management Conditions
The current profile of Rizal for their solid waste management is that their population is 16,820 for the 11 barangays. The total number of household is 3,477 and the average member per household is 4.35. The average growth rate of the population is 2.67%. 3.1. Institutional Arrangements Through the Mayor’s Office, various institutions ensure the solid waste management in Rizal, Laguna. Through these institutions, SWM services are provided to the municipality. The chain of command of these institutions is shown in Figure 13.
Mayor’s Office
Committee on Agriculture and Environment
MENRO
MRF Supervisor
Collection Supervisor
Eco-Tourism Supervisor
Figure 13. Organizational Structure on SWM
Currently, the SWM is supervised mainly by the MENRO. He is in-charged in facilitating the different projects namely the establishment of MRF, the collection of SW and the Ecotourism program of the municipality. The Committee on Agriculture and Environment is composed of designated municipal councillors. They are assigned in policy making and legal works of every project.
3.2. Inventory of Equipment and Staff The available logistics for SWM in the LGU will be important information for capacity building and budget calculation. From the following data the required capital expenditure and operating expenditure could be derived. 3.2.1. Personnel Working in SWM Currently the collection is done by the people manually, since 2010 the collection facilitated by the LGU was terminated that’s why people became accountable to their own waste if they want it to be collected. The responsibility of the personnel is to facilitate the private hauler during their collection and to maintain the cleanliness of the area near the Poblacion.
Table 8. Personnel Involved in SWM services Designation
Driver/Heavy Equipment Operator Municipal Waste Collector/Segregator/Helper Street Sweeper/ Environment Aide Supervisor of Disposal Facility Others Total
Actual Number of SWM Staff Permanent Casual Job Order 4
Proposed Number of SWM Staff Permanent Casual Job Order 2 1
3
-
2
3
-
-
-
5
-
-
1
-
3
4
5
9
There are currently three job items, but when there is an increase in the accumulation of solid waste, usually the LGU hire four additional personnel to assist the SWM practices. In case the solid waste collection was resumed and the MRF was already established, the proposed number of SWM Staff will be assigned to be responsible in the collection and operation of the MRF. They will also facilitate in the segregation at the “end-of-pipe” for the possible recovery and reduction of the amount of solid waste that proceeds to the landfill.
3.2.2. Equipment for SWM There are two dump trucks available in the LGU one is functional and the other needs some repairs. The capacity of the functional truck is 4 cu.m., while the dilapidated truck’s capacity is 3 cu.m. The amount required for the repairs of the dilapidated truck is approximately P200,000.00. The list of heavy equipment available is shown in Table 9.
Table 9. List of Heavy Equipment for SWM Unit
No.
Back Hoe Dump Truck
2
Compactor Grader Bulldozer Other Total
2
Make and Model FUSO and ISUZU EAGLE -
Present Condition Functional Dilapidated 1 1 1
1
Equipment such as shredder and grader are currently being requested. The World Food Program has pledged to the LGU to provide a shredder to accommodate their composting program. The LGU has also successfully loaned and amount of P7,000,000.00 to buy equipment necessary for their MRF. 3.2.3. Staff Training Done Currently, no training is done on the staff responsible for the collection and segregation. But members of the Agriculture and Environment Committee attend seminars and discussion with different LGUs in Laguna and in the country about present problems and practices in SWM.
3.3. Discussion of Current SWM Practices To better understand the existing practices, the discussion is divided to SWM programs, Solid waste collection, and Public Awareness Campaign. A summary of practices for each barangay is also presented. 3.3.1. Solid Waste Management (SWM) Institution and Program -
NO Created Municipal/City Solid Waste Management Board yet NO Formulated Ten Year Solid Waste Management Plan yet but leaders are now on stage of preparing it There are 3 personnel involved in SWM services – a job order driver of dump truck and two municipal waste collector/helper headed by the designated MENRO (Municipal Environment and Natural Resource Officer) of the town
-
The municipality owns two dump trucks (one fully functional and one dilapidated) There are long overdue Ordinance(s)/Resolution(s) on Solid Waste Management which are not implemented Municipal MRF’s structure is now on construction Two barangays have established their own barangay MRF but are not fully operational Town has no dump site or sanitary landfill. Depends on a private collector (Hain hauler) for collection and disposal of wastes
3.3.2. Solid Waste Collection -
Volume of waste generated per day 2,354.8 Kgs. Based on 0.14 Kg /pax/day Conducted Waste characterization study: August 2012 Mixed wastes are collected by a private hauler once a month Mandatory waste segregation is not implemented
3.3.3. Public Awareness Campaign -
Barangay officials were given some seminars and trainings on SWM There are no IEC materials prepared for SWM campaign yet
After the passage of RA 9003, the municipality of Rizal, Laguna has not been active on enforcing the law to provide its citizens an ecological solid waste management. Political will on implementation of RA 9003, allocation of enough funds, campaign for waste segregation, Implementation of greening Reforestation were issues and challenges identified by the implementers to be reasons for this case. The Mayor, in his first year on office stood on the premise that barangays shall be the one to manage the wastes of its constituents in the light of RA 9003. With this the barangay chairpersons were gathered to discuss their current ways on managing solid wastes with focus on the installation and implementation of Materials Recovery Facility, as suggested by the act. The Summary of SWM practices observed in the different barangays of Rizal is discussed in Table 10.
Table 10. Summary of SWM in Different Barangays of Rizal, Laguna BARANGAY
COLLECTION
SEGREGATION
Antipolo
Some barangay tanods are collecting garbage from households once a month
Segregation is done on the MRF site.
DISPOSAL SITE/ MRF WFP granted shredding machine
Recyclable wastes are sold to scavengers
MRF- one huge composting hole for
Some households are
BUDGET 20% development fund from the municipality On municipal AIP 100,000
paying collectors on horses (20 pesos per sack)
and junkshop
biodegradables and 6 holes for plastic, bottles, papers and boards, special wastes like diapers and napkins, cans, and styro
is allotted for assistance in the development of MRF in Antipolo
Barangay is waiting for the shredder to granted by WFP (World Food Program)
Talaga
The barangay employs 3 barangay aids to collect wastes from households and deliver them on the MRF twice a month
East Poblacion
The barangay depends on the collection by municipal government
West Poblacion
The barangay depends on the collection by municipal government
Barangay aids segregate the wastes coming from household, and business establishments
The Barangay has established an MRF wherein one big hole is allotted for mixed wastes
School- RES – is practicing segregation of wastes
Barangay is waiting for the shredder to be granted by WFP (World Food Program)
Barangay officials are campaigning for segregation at source NO segregation concept
NO segregation concept
On municipal AIP 100,000 is allotted for assistance in the development of MRF in Antipolo
No disposal site
No allotment
They had established disposal sites before but were eventually filled.
No allotment
Tala
Scavengers On side cars
Started segregation program
They had established disposal sites before but were eventually filled.
Honorarium of barangay aids
The barangay depends on the collection by municipal government
NO segregation initiated by barangay
They had established disposal sites before but were eventually filled.
No allotment
Scavengers On side cars
Started segregation program
MRF was hindered by land ownership
Honorarium of barangay aids
They had established disposal sites before but were eventually filled.
No allotment
They had established disposal sites before but were eventually filled.
Honorarium of barangay aids
Barangays aids collect only BIODEGRADABLE wastes every month and give them to farmers for organic fertilizer inputs Pauli I
Pauli II
Barangays aids collect only BIODEGRADABLE wastes every month and give them to farmers for organic fertilizer inputs Tuy
Scavengers On side cars and horses paid by households Depends on municipal collection
Pook
Scavengers On side cars Barangays aids collect only BIODEGRADABLE wastes every month and give them to farmers for organic
Recyclable wastes are sold to scavengers
Recyclable wastes are sold to scavengers and junkshop
Started segregation program Recyclable wastes are sold to scavengers and junkshop Started segregation program Recyclable wastes are sold to scavengers and junkshop
fertilizer inputs Laguan
No collection Households manage to dispose wastes on digs of backyards
Entablado
No collection Households manage to dispose wastes on digs of backyards
Some are practicing segregation Recyclable wastes are sold to scavengers Some are practicing segregation
NO MRF
No allotment
NO MRF
No allotment
Recyclable wastes are sold to scavengers
The barangays on poblacion which generates bulk of the municipal wastes depend on the collection implemented by the municipal government. While Antipolo, Talaga are having their own collection, they are just doing it once or twice a month. Tala, Pook and Pauli 2, were collecting biodegradable wastes only and giving it to farmers who are turning these wastes into fertilizer inputs. These barangays also stresses the presence of scavengers who collects wastes from households in exchange of payments. Remote barangays (upland) such as Laguan and Entablado doesn’t do any collection since their residents have many spaces and large backyards where they can dig and bury their wastes on. Barangay leaders admit that they find it difficult to teach constituents to do segregation. However, many households somehow do it by selling recyclable wastes to scavengers and junkshops. Majority of the barangays doesn’t allocate funding for SWM. Pook, Pauli 2, Talaga, and Tala appropriate some amount but only for the honorarium of barangay aids that help in the collection of wastes. Since Antipolo and Talaga have initiated establishment of their own MRF, the municipality included in its Annual Investment Plan an amount of 200,000 pesos to support such project.
3.4. Processing Facilities Only two barangays were able to establish their own Materials Recovery Facilities with the help of WFP (World Food Program). This was done through the initiative of the Barangay. Table 11. List of Existing and Projected Processing Facilities Type Location Status Barangay MRF Antipolo Waiting for the Equipment, used for temporary storage before hauling Barangay MRF Talaga Waiting for the Equipment, used for temporary storage before hauling LGU MRF/SLF Tala Under construction
Figure 14. The Structure Built in the LGU MRF site.
Although there were attempts of putting up their own, most of the barangays found no suitable MRF sites. The Poblacions were composed of all residential areas giving no space for MRF installation. Some chairpersons tried to provide spaces or digs for dumping of wastes. However, these pits were eventually filled. This also happened to the dumpsites established on different barangay. These sites were already closed and not operational. The list of existing and projected processing facilities is shown in Table 11. A centralized LGU MRF is also under construction phase, the LGU is planning to also establish a sanitary landfill near the area. A land area of 3,318 sq.m is allotted for the centralized MRF and SLF. 3.5. Final Disposal A private collector named Hain Hauler based in Calamba City is collecting and disposing the solid waste of Rizal. The distance of the disposal site is approximately 55 km. The distance of the disposal site to the residential area is less than 500 m. Collection is done only once a month and the LGU pay approximately P500,000.00 per year to the private hauler. . 3.6. Special Wastes This kind waste is handled separately. Scrap tires are bought by junk shops and used oils are used as termite repellent. Medical waste are buried and solidified by cement in a pit behind their medical centre. Busted florescent lamp are bought by junk shops and some are collected by Hain Hauler
3.7. Information and Education Campaign (IEC) There is no comprehensive IEC program implemented on the citizens. But the government officials attend seminars on awareness campaign about SWM. The inclusion of SWM strategies in the primary education curriculum is being considered.
3.8. Cost and Revenues The annual budget for SWM for the year of 2012 is P582,104.60. Operation and maintenance expenses are worth P361,640.60 while the 220,464.00 is for the personal service (salary of personnel). The LGU also pays additional 500,000.00 for the private solid waste hauler. The LGU collect fees for solid waste management services. A flat rate of P20.00/month is collected for residential, commercial establishment, and industries. For the 3,477 households P834,480.00 is collected. On the other hand there are 347 commercial establishments and industries in the LGU, this account to P83,280.00/per year collected from commercial establishments and industries.
4. Waste Characteristics 4.1. Disposed Waste The Waste Analysis and Characterization Study conducted by Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community Participation (LISCOP) last August, 2011 will be used for the formulation and calculation needed for the 10-year SWMP.
Figure 15. Types of Waste Collected and Proportion For the population of 16,820 for the calculated average solid waste generated per day is 2,354.8 kgs. Based on this data, the generation per day per person is 0.14 kg. The distribution of amount (in kg) of waste per type is presented in Figure 16 according to their rank.
Figure 16. Amount of Solid Waste by Type (in kg.)
4.1. Projected Waste for the Next 10-Years Using the projected population, WACS, generation of 0.14 kg per person per day and the assumption the daily waste production was calculated for the next ten years. The assumption is that due to the intensive implementation of the SWMP and IEC there will be a projected reduction in the amount collected by 15% yearly. Except for the yard waste which is held constant. The recyclable waste turnout was assumed to increase by 5%. The assumption is shown in the Table below: Table 12. Assumed Effects of SWMP.
Using the effects of SWMP’s implementation and multiplying the change in population. The generated SW for the next 10 years is shown in Table 13. This will be used for the capacity of different facilities like the Composting, MRF, and SLF calculation. The revenue from the recyclable materials can also be derived from it.
Table 13. Projected Generation of SW for the Next 10 Years
The computed generation for the year 2024 will be 261,272 kg/ year. A decrease will be observed due to the implementation of the SWMP from the generation on 2012 which is equal to 506,272.7 kg. This accounted to almost a 100% reduction in solid waste generation after 10 years.
5. Legal and Institutional Frame Work
The existing institutional framework for SWM is shown already in Figure 13. Presently there is no existing ordinance about SWM but the proposal for these ordinances will be discussed in Section 9. SWM is a social imperative. Having an ecological solid waste management is a concern of everyone. Thus, RA 9003 will only be realized if all stakeholders will be part of its fulfilment. The stakeholder’s analysis was done to identify the beneficiaries and implementers of Solid Waste Management and MRF installation and implementation.
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS Table 14. Stakeholder’s Analysis of SWM Implementation Stakeholder 1. Households
Motivation/ Beliefs Disposal of their wastes Clean and healthy environment
2. Commercial, institutional and industrial establishments
3. Municipal government
Disposal of their wastes Clean and healthy environment
Enforcement of R.A. 9003 Provide SWM service to the town people; collection system Manage residual wastes
4. Barangay government
Collection and disposal of wastes
Powers
Resources
Response
Segregate their wastes; reuse, recycle
Household income
positive
Cooperate with LGU Segregate their wastes; reuse, recycle Compliance of laws and policies Create enabling laws Enforce rules and regulations
They pay for disposal of their wastes Business income;
positive
Educational campaigns
Land
positive
Authority
On-going construction of MRF
Government fund
Collect fees Employees Plans and programs for SWM
Legislate and enforce policies on
Legislations Technical knowledge Barangay tanods, aids, people
positive
Keep barangay clean and ecological
collection, segregation and disposal of wastes
Barangay fund
Establishment of MRFs Plans and programs for SWM Collect fees 5. Junkshops, scavengers, private collectors
Income
Go around and collect solid wastes
Vehicles
positive
employees
Buy recyclable wastes Lessen collectibles 6. Farmers/ Farmers Organization
Input for fertilizer
Collect and utilize Biodegradable wastes Enforce RA 9003
Organic Agriculture knowledge
Positive
7. National Agencies, DENR, Regional/ Provincial Government
National Solid Waste Management
Government Fund
positive
Ecological and healthy environment
Financial, operational and Technical support
Technical knowledge
8. WFP, NGOs
Ecological and healthy solid waste management
Financial, operational and Technical support
Fund
Positive
Technical knowledge
SWOT Analysis was vital to the projection of the success of policy. The barangay leaders with some citizens were gathered to identify the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of fully implementing RA 9003.
S.W.O.T. ANALYSIS Table 15. SWOT Analysis of SWM and MRF Installation and Implementation in Rizal, Laguna Parameter 1. Structure
Strength Some barangays have started their own MRFs Municipal MRF is now on construction
2. Leadership
Presence of junkshop on some barangays Active barangay and municipal leaders Barangay chairpersons are encouraging residents to segregate There is unity of purpose on having a clear SWM plan and establishing MRFs on barangays Barangay leaders have background knowledge and have attended seminars on SWM Barangays have SWMB
Weakness Most barangays have not yet established MRFs
Opportunity Pooling and shared resources
Lack of land where MRF can be installed
Some barangays have large potential MRF areas
Lacks workforce to facilitate SWM
Support from national agencies
Threat Dissolution of the organizational structure
Change in leadership or administration
No SWMB yet 3. Funding
4. Policy
The Municipal government have allocated fund for MRF installation and operation
R.A. 9003
Lack of sufficient funds No contribution from LGU
No existing ordinance on SWM; absence of enabling law No Proper implementation of policies
Residents are willing to pay for waste disposal Farmers are using biodegradable for fertilizer Foreign Funding Room for membership expansion additional laws
Decrease in IRA
Change in policy due to change in leadership Most residents are used to lazy disposal of wastes
Few households are already practicing segregation
It showed that households are willing to pay for the disposal of their wastes. This will address the municipality’s weakness of having meager funds to support proper collection and disposal of wastes. The MRF to be installed will need workforce for its operation. These funds that may come from households will be allocated for MRF operations. Though there are few residents practicing segregation, the LGU especially barangay leaders shall promote public awareness and encourage segregation at source to the whole community. An ordinance and resolutions will institutionalize and provide authority and power for proper implementation. The poblacion which generates bulk of the municipal wastes have no MRF sites. To solve this, the barangays could either cluster to form their joint MRFs or more attainably, the municipality has to establish a sufficient Materials Recovery Facility that will cater the need for MRF of these barangays. Moreover, as seen on bot SWOT and FGD results, the existing MRFs at Talaga and Antipolo are deemed insufficient though they reduce the collectibles of the municipality.
6. Plan Strategy
6.1. Vision The plan is to avoid, reduce and manage the solid waste through source reduction, waste minimization measures, waste segregation, and establishment of solid waste management facilities.
6.2. Target According to the selected program, the estimated reduction for the various types of waste will be the following: For biodegradables, an expected reduction of 15% is projected to be diverted to the composting facility. For residuals, a projected 15% will be reduced since products out of residuals do not have a large market share yet. Recyclables is seen to have increase of 5% due to the efforts of the LGU to collect these kinds of waste and have additional income.
6.3. Strategies These targets could be achieved by passing specific ordinances that controls the usage and disposal of the specific wastes like biodegradable, residual, and the controlled collection of recyclable wastes. The main strategies to be used are the establishment of the MRF to accommodate the segregation and to improve the IEC of the citizens. The creation of highvalue products for the SW collected will give a huge opportunity for additional jobs and income for the LGU. The strategy framework about the flow of SW is shown in Figure 17.
Figure 17. Projected Flow of Solid Waste After Collection
7. SWM System
7.1 Source Reduction Source reduction programs to be implemented through specific ordinances that abide to the target SW minimization by R.A. 9003. For every three years there will be an inspection that the 25% decrease in residual waste generation is observed. Biodegradable Biodegradable are processed by the citizen to compost or bury at backyard. This will be encouraged to be done at source through specific ordinances and incentives. Recyclable Promote the reduction of recyclable waste through increased campaign on the use of reusable materials. These can be done on creating ordinances for food chains and food stalls that uses a lot of recyclable materials. Residual No plastic cups, styro-cups, containers or ice chest, sando bags, plastic spoon and forks, straws will be use or there will be an effort to limit these kinds of utensils. Also, there will be an effort to promote buying in bulk rather than in sachet or tingi. This could be achieved through IEC and incentives.
7.2. Strategy Outline Source reduction programs Sectors to target
Business establishments, concessionaires Offices Residential
Materials to be addressed and methods to determine the categories of solid waste to be diverted
Materials to be addressed Styrofoams (cups, ice chest) Plastic bottles, cups, utensils, containers Sando bags
Categories of SW to be diverted Recyclable Domestic Special
Capability and economic viability of LGU in implementing the program for this component
Capability Fines Ordinances Economic viability Capability to fund IEC and logistics
Technical requirements for the ordinances and other formal actions to be taken by LGU
Technical requirements WACS Capacity building for personnel (training/seminar) IEC making Survey (people their willingness to cooperation, to pay, to follow, etc.) Other formal actions
Social Impacts on stakeholders involved or affected
Negative At first, difficulty of complying (needs familiarization) Positive Take pride in being disciplined and advanced in SWM Discipline for/to the people
7.3. Segregation, Recycling, and Composting Waste segregation, recycling, and composting are essential components of the solid waste management strategy in Rizal. This could provide additional income to the LGU and also minimize the cost in solid waste collection and disposal. The implementation procedure and plans regarding these processes will be discussed in this section. 7.3.1 Segregation MRF Establishment A Materials Recovery Facility will be established to accommodate the segregation of collected solid wastes. The municipal MRF will serve as the storage area of waste prior to classifying it whether it will be composted, recycled, or brought to the sanitary landfill. The MRF will reduce the amount of waste brought to the landfill, thus reducing the transport and disposal cost. Additional income can also be generated from recyclable and compost product. The ecological Solid Waste Management in Rizal, Laguna will be best directed and mechanized by enacting a resolution and Ordinance on the Implementation of RA 9003 and providing regulations and penalties thereof to fulfill the mandates of the law. This will also fuel the implementation and installation of the Municipal Materials Recovery facility which is vital to the realization of an efficient and institutionalized Solid Waste Management in Rizal, Laguna.
At present, the LGU’s waste is facilitated by a private hauler where collection is taking place irregularly, thus the LGU feel the pressure brought by the problem of solid waste. The LGU shall start to intensify information and education campaign in the barangays about waste segregation at source. Generally, segregation is limited to recyclables and reusables and it is supported by a network of ambulant junk buyers operating within the municipality and linked to major junk shops in the adjacent municipalities. For the Municipal Government to push for the full implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) there shall be the establishment of the Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) coupled with a Rapid Composting System. The construction of the facility will entail enhancement of the facility that would include the following subcomponents: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Construction of access road, Electrification Water supply system Fencing Procurement of dump truck
7.3.1.1. Location The Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and a proposed Sanitary Landfill (SLF) will be both located in Brgy. Tala, as shown in Figure 18.
Figure 18. Location of the Proposed Centralized MRF
7.3.1.2. Enhancement of the Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) The MRF is also located in Brgy. Tala and is 2-km away from the town proper, the same route leading towards the proposed Tayak Adventure and Nature Park. The area is an old dumpsite of the municipality which was utilized in the late 90’s. The LGU has already started the construction of the MRF (Figure 18). This has an area of 3,318 square meters which the LGU acquired only this year. Based on Figure 19, notable is the existing fence enclosing the area.
Figure 19 On-going construction of the MRF The full implementation of Republic Act 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, fuel the search for the cheap but efficient system/process that can be put up in the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) established by the Local Government Unit (LGU) or by the interested private operator in the country. The Material Recovery Facility and Rapid Composting System, the system that the LGU will implement, will include organic products derived from the waste management treatment thru the rapid composting system (RCS) using plastic metal separator and Material Recovery Facility (MRF-BioD).
7.3.1.3. Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) Process and System The installed system will address the needs of established MRF to process collected garbage by segregating inorganic waste and processing bio-waste into an environment friendly fertilizer in a very short time, roughly 24 hours. The machine and system has (5) major components or generating scheme designed to handle expected volume of garbage generated by the host city or municipality in the eight (8) hours operation.
7.3.1.4. Description of the Five (5) Major Components of the Technology Component I - Deodorization & Sanitation of Garbage at Source The collection of garbage at source and transporting it to the destined site is always a problem to people living along route. To deter objections and prevent danger to the health of the people living in the community, the garbage truck is sprayed with deodorizer/sanitizer before living the area. The sprayed deodorizer is biological and contains beneficial microbes. The crew of the dump truck in its daily collection routine will conduct this operation. Component 2 – Segregation of Garbage Waste Reduction of the garbage waste is the purpose of this component. Raw garbage is composed of 70-75% recyclables and 25-30% bio-waste. Inert materials account to about 12% of the solid waste composition. The process of segregation is done as follows: 1. Holding bin received garbage from truck; 2. Flatbed conveyor slowly conveys the garbage to the place receptacle of the power grinder machine. While moving slowly, segregators separate recyclables assigned to each of them respectively and place them in special boxes for papers, glass, metals, plastic, cardboard and others. The flat bed conveyor is also provided with magnet or metal separators to screen metals before reaching the power grinder. Selected recyclables goes storage area through a conveyor and packed for disposal to junk market outlets. Component 3 – Grinding and Squeezing of Bio-waste Segregated bio-waste goes to the power grinder machine through an uptake screw conveyor. Attached to the conveyor are the special gadgets designed for specific purpose. The first gadget holds the bio-inoculants that sprinkle the waste materials as it drops to the power grinder. The second gadget, holds the solid activator and nutrient rich additives is mix with the waste material as it goes to power grinder where it is mechanically reduced granules. Granulated bio-waste goes to squeezer/hydrator machine through a screw conveyor where the moisture content of the material is reduced to 35% moisture content. A separate receptacle collects the squeezed liquid. This can be used as fertilizer for grass and lawn greening project. Component 4 - The Maturation and Curing Stage The processed fertilizer goes to the composition bin via an uptake screw conveyor. The composting bin rotates at the rate of 15RPM. Maturation is completed after 24hours, harvested and packed daily in a 25 kilos poly bag with moisture content of 28-30%. Component 5 – Utilization and Application of Organic Fertilizer Organic fertilizer produced by the MRF shall be utilized as substrate place in discarded or used poly bag. The substrate is enriched with coco coir dust at the ratio of 50% organic fertilizer, 20% coir dust and 30% garden soil. Target areas for Ube or Yam production in poly bag are islands of big streets and avenues in the municipality. Expected number of Ube planted in sack throughout the municipality shall be 50,000 Ube plants in 8 months production cycle or 250,000 Ube crop in 5 years period. The volume of plants maybe increased if housewives in the area / municipality may adopt the technology on Ube production at their homes and vacant spaces. This will revolutionize the processing of Ube into powdered product for the export market and moreover create ready market for the organic fertilizer produced by MRF in the metropolis.
The Bio-inoculant The heart of the technology that runs MRF is the installed Mechanical System and Process, but without the beneficial microbes that serve as inoculants in enhancing the rapid digestion process, the fast method of producing organic fertilizer would not be possible. This replaces the old-time-consuming process windows turning large volume of garbage compost piles, which uses up wide composting area for a larger curing period. Until recently, the production of organic fertilizer needed enormous effort of upsetting the organic material many times because the microorganism used composting was almost aerobic. At a glance they may be safe, but during the maturing process, useful content volatized with the gas which are useful content in a natural processing. Because of the lack of labor and time, the organic materials are out back into the soil, but which will require much oxygen in order to make this anaerobic. As a result, humus production stops and rotting fungi begin to prosper. This is the natural decomposition process. In this new technology, digestion of inorganic waste into fertilizer is easily achieved with the little loss, by transforming organic materials into Nitrogen, phosphate, Potassium and other content. The technology controls moisture content of the materials at 35%. This is the moisture level loved by useful microbes for rapid composting.
7.3.1.5. Marketing and Promotion Strategy Compost On a study conducted by DENR-ADB (2003), one of the identified problems is the marketing of compost wherein there is a low production capacity. A large volume of compost is needed outside Metro Manila (e.g. Quirino, Baguio) but the problem is the immediate transport due to limited supply. In Metro Manila, compost are sell at a very low price due to high overhead cost of buying from numerous small producers to put together one large order. However, with the intensified campaign for composting, there is possibility that supply will significantly exceed demand in the near future. Rizal being an agriculture town, it has a viable local market for compost. If 1,935 hectares (75%) of the 2,580 hectares agricultural land in Rizal will use organic fertilizer, for the two cropping seasons, the total requirement per year is about 6,748 kilograms of compost. This estimate is based on the DOST’s recommendation of using 8 sacks of compost (about 14 kg) for every hectare of riceland. With the rapid composting system rated output of 20 ton/day (based on LGU generation), the total annual compost production from the bioreactor is about 20 tons/day (8-hr operation) which can support the LGU’s need. However, marketing has to be made with the farmers to promote the use of organic compost. The LGU could also sell some of the compost to other users like ornamental plant growers, farm subdivisions and organic farms like the Costales Farm in Majayjay, Laguna. Recyclables
The recyclables which comprises 33 % of the total LGU wastes, will be temporarily stored in the MRF and shall be sold to the junkshops or accredited haulers. For the plastics, there is a private company in Rizal Province that is being tapped by other municipalities (i.e. Kalayaan, Sta. Cruz) for the disposal of such kind of waste. Accordingly, this company buys the plastics in large volume either shredded or not, only at a very minimal amount. The LGU is planning to join those LGUs in disposing this type of waste to reduce the volume of residual to be hauled out by a private hauler. 7.3.1.6. Organizational Aspect Considering that this component is more on the management of the environment, the operation of such will be handled by the Office of the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources and shall be complimented with appropriate number of staff as presented in Figure 16. The duties and responsibilities of the operational staff as presented in the Table below. Table 16. Duties and responsibilities of operational staff for MRF Staff No Duties and Responsibilities Solid Waste/Facility Supervisor
1
Truck Driver/Mechanic
2
Composting Crew, Recording and Recycling Staff
3
Security Guard/ Recorder Total No. of staff
1
Overall management and supervision of facility. Regular inspection and assessment of facility and operations. Oversees operation and maintenance. Environmental monitoring. Collects waste from the barangays. Maintains and repair trucks. Collects recyclable materials from waste bins located at various sections of the barangays. Maintains and operates MRF equipment. Supervises loading and unloading of waste and compost into and out of the bioreactor. Supervises sieving and packing. Weighs and shred biodegradable waste. Loads mixture of biodegradable waste and mix with innoculant. Unloads compost from the equipment. Sieves and packs the compost. Collects and stores compost. Records incoming and outgoing waste trucks and other vehicles. Records weight of sorted recyclable materials. Records weight of incoming biodegradable materials. Records weight of compost output. Provides security and surveillance of disposal facility.
7
The supervision of the MRF as mentioned earlier will be the responsibility of the MENRO, to be supported by the MRF Supervisor who will be the over-all in-charge of the
daily operation of the facility. This will be complimented with support staff to do the composting, sorting, packing and other activities related to the operation of the MRF.
Mayor’s Office
MENRO
MRF Supervisor
Truck Driver (2)
Composting Crew, Recording and Recycling Staff (3)
Security Guard (1)
Figure 20. Proposed organizational structure for the MRF
7.3.2 Recycling Recyclable materials can be collected at a specific schedule (twice a month, or depending on quantity) and be deposited at the MRF. This facility will be established in an area easily accessible by the public. In here, people could also dispose the recyclable and high-value waste during the MRF office hours. A different access road will be used by garbage trucks. Residual Waste collected regularly will also be inspected for recyclable materials. Waste sorting will be done in the facility. Recyclable materials like cans, plastic containers and high value waste which comprise 37% of the total amount of waste generated will be reduced to the amount of waste transferred and could be sold for additional income. Volunteers will also be accommodated for the man-power requirement of the sorting and recovery of recyclable materials to facilitate the MRF. For the meantime, the municipality has no existing MRF facility. To start-up the implementation, while waiting for the MRF to be established recyclable waste that could be segregated from the garbage collection and the segregation bins will be sold (on a small scale
basis)at junk shops for extra income. This could be divided to those who volunteered to conduct the segregation. These kinds of activities are also done in various MRF at different LGU. 7.3.3 Composting/Management of Biodegradable Waste The LGU collects 158 kg. of solid waste every day and 27% of which is biodegradable material most of which are food and yard wastes. This amount of waste could reduce the transport and dumping cost once properly managed. A composting facility will be established to facilitate the biodegradable solid waste management. This facility will be a center of research and development in terms of composting and decomposition of solid waste. Various technologies like vermiculture and inoculants will be tested and applied to produce marketable grade of compost. Different stakeholders will collaborate in this project. While waiting for the facility to be operational, small scale composting/decomposition bins will be utilized to divert some biodegradable waste from the sanitary landfill pathway. Some of which will be buried in unused land in the municipality for decomposition/composting purposes. The various institutes and departments involved in this project will form an ad-hoc committee for biodegradable waste management. This committee will formulate the strategy and technologies to be applied to facilitate the municipal Composting Facility from its startup stage up to its operational stage. 7.3.4 Marketing Biodegradable Materials Meanwhile biodegradable materials from some of the food establishment in the LGU were collected through internal arrangement (some are doing backyard composting while others feed this waste to domesticated animals). The rest of these waste were collected during the garbage collection. Once the compost facility was established, it compost products could be sold to various farms and gardens near or within the LGU. The compost selling price varies along with the quality, recent compost price ranges from P300.00-P1,500.00 per 50kg sack. Organic and edible gardens and ECO-parks should also be established to support the campaign not only in environmental awareness but also for additional income from the sales of various products. Organic backyard farming should also be encouraged and initiated by the ad-hoc committee for biodegradable solid waste management and participating LGUs not only in the residential area of the municipality but also to its nearby communities for market expansion. This can be done by providing free seedling and organic farming seminars.
7.4. Projected Facilities
Two barangay MRF are expected to be established as well as a centralized LGU MRF with sanitary landfill is expected. The two barangay MRF are expected to cater cluster of barangays within its proximity.
7.4.1. Sanitary Landfill (SLF) Design The needed total sanitary landfill capacity or airspace is estimated based on the projected total waste volume for disposal and desired service life. Only residual waste will be dispose in the SLF as per RA 9003. Density of compacted residual waste is estimated to be between 50– 300 kg/m3. A service life of 15 years is also chosen to maximize land use. Soil cover is assumed to occupy 20% - 25% of the buried wastes in the landfill.
Q
PAK t
Where: Q = mean flow of leachate (L/s) P = mean daily precipitation (mm/day) A = surface area of the landfill (m2) t = number of seconds per day K = coefficient that depends on the degree of compaction of wastes
Table 17. Projected Capacitty Requirement for the SLF Projected total waste volume Compacted density of waste SLF capacity SLF capacity/airspace 15 years assumed allowance for soil cover from table 2 of ecogov manual: height of deposited waste compacted density of waste airspace soil cover category Ave. Residual waste disposal rate lifespan SLF cell footprint
3547472.877 250 14189.89151 17027.86981 20
kg kg/cu. m. cu. m. cu. m. %
15 250 20 1 0.1873
m kg/cu. m. % T/day
15 years 10000 sq. m.
Maximum daily leachate generation is determined by identifying the maximum monthly average rainfall. The maximum average rainfall is then divided by the number of days on that month to obtain the maximum daily rainfall using the swiss formula. The K value is determined from the degree of compaction of wastes. For weakly compacted landfills, K is estimated between 0.25 to 0.50. for strongly compacted landfills, K is estimated between 0.15 to 0.25. For the drainage, packed gravel is proposed to minimize the cost for the piping system. The leachate treatment facility consists of a pond system or lagoon system, otherwise known as waste stabilization ponds. The pond system consists of at least three ponds: anaerobic pond, facultative pond, a maturation pond and an optional holding pond to accommodate surges in precipitate. The design of leachate treatment facility for Category 1 SLF has BOD5 as its main parameter. BOD5 for biodegradable waste is 250 to 2,500 mg/L and 500 to 1,000 mg/L for mixed wastes. Since only residuals will be disposed, a BOD range of 350 to 1,000 mg/L is acceptable. The capacity of Leachate Holding Pond is based on the average daily rainfall of the maximum month. For the Anaerobic Pond, the average daily leachate generation is used to calculate for the capacity. The depth of the pond used is 3 m, which is the average based on literature. For maximum BOD removal of 60 to 70%, 4 to 5 days retention time is required. For maximum BOD removal, 5 days will be the chosen retention time. For the facultative pond, the incoming BOD will be the value from the Anaerobic pond, while the outgoing BOD is the required standard set by DENR. The retention time is calculated from the Duncan Mara equation. The capacity will be based on the retention time. The chosen depth will be 2 meters to ensure no spillage. The Duncan Mara equation is shown below:
t
Li Le T 20 181.05
Where: t = retention time Li = BOD of incoming wastewater/ leachate in mg/L Le = desired BOD of effluent wastewater/ leachate in mg/L T = wastewater temperature in oC
For the maturation pond, a retention time of 7 days is used as per literature. Since a shallower basin is needed, the chosen depth for the pond is 1.5 m. Other operational practices to reduce the risk of environmental impact are the design of a liners system, SLF drainage and final cover. A liner system is a protective lining or barrier that intercepts leachates and diverts it to the leachate collection pond. SLF drainage is a water management system that consists of canals and water ways that intercepts storm water and prevents it from reaching the disposal area. The final cover is the final capping of the SLF after it reaches its service life, which controls the emission of gases.
For the liner system, the values from literature are used. For category 1 SLF, which has a waste stream less than 15 T per day, the liner system will consist of 60 cm of clay, with a soil permeability equal to 1x10-5 cm/s. the clay is placed above a compacted formation level present subsoil, which should also be 2 meters from a groundwater table. Above the clay layer is a 15 cm protection of 2/8 sand, which in turn will be covered by 50 cm of gravel. No HDPE liner is required since this is only a category 1 SLF. SLF drainage can be a perimeter drain, trench drain, landfill surface drains which are constructed to drain from the final cover and an upstream diversion if perimeter drains are not enough. To compute for the discharge to the ditches and drain, the rational formula is used.
Q
1 CiA 360
Where: Q = storm water volume or peak rate runoff, m3/sec C = runoff coefficient, an empirical coefficient representing a relationship between rainfall and runoff i = rainfall intensity for the time of concentration for a selected design storm, mm/hr A = drainage area, Ha
Table 18. Average Rainfall Data for Leachate Calculation
Rainfall intensity is calculated from a 25 yr rainfall and a time of concentration of at least 10 minutes. For the appropriate runoff coefficient, the area for the landfill is assumed to be a flat farm land, which has a runoff coefficient value between 0.45 to 0.6. Details of the drainage facility will not be shown because prerequisites such as area topography are not the scope of chemical engineers. Table 19. Leachate Effluent Data required effluent assumed BOD of leachate annual rainfall maximum rainfall month K
Table 20. Pond Capacity Computation
50 1000 1170 153.9 0.5
mg/L mg/L mm mm
Leachate holding pond depth of holding pond average daily rainfall of max month capacity of holding pond area of holding pond
3 5.13 51.3 17.1
m mm/day cu.m./day sq.m./day
Table 21. Pond Calculations
Table 22. Additional Equipment Cost Type Black Hoe
Vibratory compactor
Model
brand new 2nd hand IHI 30Uj rental (per Heavy Equip Rental hour) Dozer Crane Backhoe Payloader and Vibra Roller 2nd hand ingersol rand sp54 dd 2nd hand
ingersol rand sp54 dd
price (php)
source
Contact Number
380,000 sulit.com 7989906 1600 sulit.com 8320807
1800000 sulit.com 5491022 1,850,000 sulit.com 5491025
Final Cover Specification For the final cover, a gas vent is integrated to the leachate collection system since only residual wastes are dumped, causing a minimal gas generation. Final cover will have the same layer of liners as the liner system designed above for the base. The final slope for the SLF will be 1:4, 1 being vertical and 4 the horizontal. A top soil cover is also placed for vegetation.
7.5. Market Development
Current good ecological solid waste management practices identified in the Philippines are the co-processing of waste materials for resource recovery, Happy Soil composting system, foam polystyrene recycling, and solid waste residuals conversion to bricks. These activities can generate the necessary market to encourage recycling. Co-processing is a process wherein recovery and energy or mineral value from waste materials is done while cement is being produced. Cement plants are the recipients of this practice. Non-recyclable and non-biodegradable packaging materials and even junk appliance components, which may be gathered from households in the LGU, may be sold to the cement plants for them to perform cogeneration. Happy Soil composting system is growing in popularity and is even exported to other countries. This reflects the increasing popularity of turning biodegradable waste into compost. In the Philippines, there are many agricultural lands especially in Northern and Central Luzon. For Rizal, a composting system may be set up, integrating all composting technologies developed by the BIOTECH UPLB, such as the use of inoculants (Bio-quick, Bio-fix) and vermicomposting. With a 37% biodegradable waste based on WACS, a significant amount of compost can be generated. The market could be built around the agricultural lands from nearby municipalities such as in Calauan, San Pablo, and Nagcarlan. Foam recycling is a remote possibility since based on municipal ordinances, Styrofoam is considered as a non-environmentally friendly packaging. The Styrofoam packaging for food is already banned. However, for appliances, Styrofoam is still being used for safe transport. The used Styrofoam may be sold to foam polystyrene recycling facilities. Solid waste residuals are already being converted to bricks, or used as aggregates. The market is not yet fully established since the bricks are used mostly for landscaping purposes instead of as a construction material for houses. Further feasibilities studies are recommended.
8. Implementation Strategy 8.1. Framework The hierarchy of implementation will be prioritizing the waste minimization, then followed by the proper segregation, next is the transformation of waste to high value products, while the last option is the sanitary landfilling.
Creation of policies and legal guidelines for waste mimization and budge allocation for establishment of necessary facilities and procurement of equipments.
Delagation of authority and creation of necessary commitee to conduct the start up operation of these facilities.
Continuous research, supervision, and public consultation about the existing implementation on solid waste management practices.
Collaboration with other LGU about problems encountered and solutions implemented to overcome these problems.
Figure 21. Implementation Strategy Flowchart
8.2. Diversion Projections As stated earlier, a projection of 15% of biodegradables is expected to be diverted. Additional 5% of recyclables will be diverted to recycling centres. A decrease of 15% for residuals is also expected. 8.3. Monitoring Program Task forces will be created to facilitate in the implementation of the SWMP. The “TaskForce for Plastic Ban” is an example of these implementing authorities. They are allowed to collect fines and apprehend violators. Through frequent visibility, the turn-out of citizen’s participation will be improved. 8.4. Alternatives Analysis Possible alternative for the proposed activity in the SWMP is collaborating with other LGUs to establish a bigger SLF. This may incur less expenses but the start-up process could be very slow because the documents being processed passes through different LGUs. 8.5. Incentive Programs A volunteer corps for monitoring the implementation of solid waste management inside the campus, such as the no littering policy and waste segregation, shall be formed. Volunteers includes, but not limited to residents and employees of the LGU. They will undergo a series of trainings and seminars to gain accreditation. Once accredited, the volunteers will have authority to reprimand and even collect fines from SWM violators. To ensure the integrity of the service, the volunteer shall show an ID and issue receipts.
9. Institutional Aspects Currently, the existing plans of the municipality involve MRFs, localized composting and eco-farming at the barangay level. Residuals are disposed through pelletizing and mixing to cement blocks or bricks as aggregates. In order for the overall solid waste management program to become sustainable, the responsibilities of various institutions must be clear. This is done through the establishment of clear objectives and responsibilities of each concerned institution.
Figure 22. Chain of Responsibilities of Different SWM Institutions 9.1. Roles Currently, the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office is in-charge of the preparation of the 10-year solid waste management program, as well as the implementation and monitoring of the progress. The program is also to be renewed since the previous 10-year solid waste management program is already expired. For the municipal solid waste management program to be effective, various offices of the municipality must work together and synergize their efforts. This is done through the establishment of Committees for various aspects of the solid waste management plan. Committees to be established are based on the existing program and the proposed programs to further improve the solid waste management plan. Existing programs include MRF, composting facilities; eco-farming, residuals recycling in cement blocks and the current plastic ban. For the proposed programs, we have the cogeneration in cement factories, establishment of a Category A sanitary landfills, creation of high value products from residuals, manufacture of briquettes from biodegradables and some waste-to-energy initiatives.
MRF Operations Committee Barangay level MRF are already established. The problems encountered are the lessening of the quantity and diversity of waste being thrown to the MRF. Most residents of each barangays are already aware of the value of segregating recyclables and selling these to accredited recycling centers, leaving only the residuals, biodegradables and special wastes behind. Therefore, the following objectives are established: Ensure the proper segregation of solid wastes collected by the designated collectors, specifically the residuals, biodegradables and special wastes; Quantification of residuals for forwarding to the residual waste management committee; Quantification of biodegradable wastes for forwarding to the composting facility operations committee; and, Make sure the cleanliness and orderliness of the facility. Handles the market of recyclable materials. Residual Waste Processing Committee Bulk of the waste which will remain in the barangay MRF will be residuals. These wastes will be categorized according to the level of usefulness. With the following programs, a further 40% of wastes are estimated to be diverted initially. At the end of the new 10 year solid waste management plan, it is desired to divert of residuals as high value products or for waste-to-energy initiatives. Listed below are the objectives for this committee. Monitor the current program of pelletizing residuals as aggregates for cement blocks and bricks production; Investigate the potential of residual products as eco-bags, containers, ornaments or other high value products; Conduct feasibility studies on the possible markets for the products previously mentioned; Investigate the possibility of use of residuals for cogeneration in cement plants; Offer logistics for the forwarding of residual wastes to the different programs; and Further recommend programs and activities with regards to residual management. Biodegradable Processing Committee Biodegradables often consist of majority of the solid wastes for communities. This further strengthens the need for a proper management of such wastes. For rural areas, biodegradables are often disposed as feeds for pets and livestock, buried in the backyard or burnt in 'siga'. Barangays already have composting facilities and implements advanced techniques such as vermicomposting. This specific committee shall have the following objectives: Monitor the current composting programs (e.g. vermicomposting, etc.) Explore the possibility of using other composting techniques such as Bio-quick and Bio-fix, which are manufactured from BIOTECH; Consider the use of biodegradables from market and commercial sector in conjunction with yard wastes and household wastes for further improvement of compost quality; Ensure the compost quality set by Department of Agriculture is maintained; Determine the amount of biodegradables that would be diverted for coal-briquette making and other biodegradable solid waste management activities; Evaluate the possibility of using windrows and mechanical composting equipment for the increase of compost production efficiency; Conduct continuous search for market for compost to ensure sustainability; and, Research for new and alternative methods for composting.
Eco-Farming/Eco-Tourism Operations Committee Eco-farms are establishments where environmentally-friendly practices are implemented for the benefit of the appreciation of the public, as well as serve as inspiration for solid waste management activities. Examples of environmentally-friendly practices are, but not limited to, organic framing, use of recycled wastes as containers for plants and ornaments, and others. This specific committee shall have the following objectives: Locate possible sites per barangay to serve as eco-farms; Monitor the performance of existing eco-farms; and, Establish guidelines from which will the performance of eco-farms are based. Task-Force for Plastic Ban Plastic ban is already in effect in the municipality. To further strengthen the ordinance, a task force is created. This task force shall have the following objective: Prescribe alternative packaging to replace plastics; Conduct inspections of business establishments and give sanctions to violators; and Design and implement an information dissemination campaign to change the paradigm of the citizens towards solid waste management consciousness. Committee for Study of New Solid Waste Management Programs This committee is in-charge of the establishment of new solid waste management programs to further ensure the sustainability of the program. Specifically, it aims to: Explore the possibility of using municipal wastes for cogeneration in cement manufacturing plants; Study the possibility of constructing a Category A Sanitary Landfill for residuals disposal; Create a catalog of possible high-value products for use as containers and ornaments; Conduct a research for briquette-making of excess biodegradable waste; and, Investigate other areas for possible waste-to-energy initiatives, such as biofuels from municipal solid wastes and the like. 9.2. Legal The proposed legal action to facilitate the 10-year SWMP is entitled: A RESOLUTION ENACTING THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ORDINANCE OF RIZAL, LAGUNA
WHEREAS, it is the responsibility of the municipal government to efficiently and effectively implement the Solid Waste Management Program of the municipality; WHEREAS, the unsystematic disposal of waste by households, commercial and industrial establishments sometimes cause clogging of canals and creeks and flooding of the whole community; WHEREAS, the municipal government is spending huge amount of fund to rehabilitate canals and creeks to prevent flooding; WHEREAS, the practice of waste segregation from households to Material Recovery Facility (MRF) will not only compliment laws and ordinances affecting solid waste management but will also protect and conserved our ecosystem;
WHEREAS, protecting, preserving and conserving the ecosystem will also warrant for a clean air quality eater needed by the entire residency.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article A – Title Section 1-A.1 = Title of the Ordinance – This ordinance shall be known as the Environmental Code of Rizal, Laguna.
Article B – Authority and Purpose Section 1-B.1 = Authority – This ordinance is enacted to supplement the provisions stipulated in Republic Act No.9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. Section 2-B.1 = Purpose – This ordinance is enacted for the following purpose: a. To regulate and control disposal of waste within the municipality and adopt s systematic and comprehensive solid waste management. b. To protect the public, environment, health, safety and general welfare of all inhabitants of the community. c. To encourage community participation in the development and implementation of Solid Waste Management of the municipality, and; d. To ensure proper segregation, collection, transport and disposal of waste through the adoption of the best environmental practice in the ecological waste management.
Article C – Definition and Terminologies Section 1-C.1 = Definition and Terminologies – When used in this code, the following words and phrases are defined and referred to as follows: Biodegradable – all materials that can be reduced into finer particles by microbiological organisms or enzymes. Agricultural Waste – refers to waste generated from planting or harvesting of crops, yumming or pruning of plants/run-off materials from farms or fields. Compost – a decayed organic material for use as soil conditioner or fertilizer. Composting – biological degradation under controlled condition or a process of making biodegradable items into compost by mixing the soil, water, biological additives and air. Disposal – refers to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling or placing of any solid waste in Material Recovery Facility (MRF) or Landfill. Material Recovery Facility – refers to the place where all wastes are placed for sorting, segregation and re-cycling facility.
Domestic Waste – all refuse from households as distinguished from industrial waste, agricultural waste, hospital waste which may be classified as biodegradable or nonbiodegradable. Enzymes – a protein produced by cells with substance to initiate or accelerate chemical reaction in plants or animals. Factory Returnable – all non-biodegradable, non-compostable materials such as tin can, metals, bottles or glass, plastic, Styrofoam, rubber, dry paper, dry cardboard, dry cloth, fiber, leather, feather and hard shells which are segregated in separate places. Hazardous Waste – refers to special type of waste containing chemical, biological and radiological element that are harmful to human health. Incineration – the controlled process by which combustible wastes are burned and changes into gasses are residues that contains non-combustible materials. Leachate – refers to the liquid produced when waste undergoes decomposition. It also a contaminated liquid that come from dissolved and suspended materials. Open Dumpsite – refers to the disposal area where solid waste are indiscriminately thrown or disposed of without consideration to health and environmental hazards. Recovered Materials – refers to the materials and by-products that have been recovered from solid waste processed and used as raw materials in the manufactured of a recycled product. Sanitary Landfill – refers to the waste disposal sites designed, operated and maintained in a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility. Segregation – refers to the practice of separating different materials in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources.
Article D – Municipal Solid Waste Management Board Section 1-D.1 – There shall be created Municipal Solid Waste Management Board and shall perform the following duties and responsibilities: a. Develop the Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan to ensure long term solid waste management and integrate all plans and strategies of all Barangay Solid Waste Management Project to a more comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program. b. Monitoring the implementation of Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan or Program in cooperation with private sector and Non-Government Organization. c. Adopt specific revenue generating measure to promote the viability of the Solid Waste Management Plan. d. Convene a regular meeting for purposes of planning and implementing Solid Waste Management Plan. Article E – Waste Segregation, Storage and Collection
Section 1-E.1 – All residents, commercial establishments, schools (public and private), government and non-government offices, and Barangays are required to practice waste segregation from biodegradable to non-biodegradable waste and placed them in separate containers, plastic bags, boxes or sacks. Section 2- E.1 – All containers, plastic bags, boxes or sacks shall be transported to the Material Recovery Facility (Barangay Owned or Municipality Owned MRF) for final sorting and processing. Section 3-E.1 – Public thoroughfares like jeep and tricycle are required to provide their vehicles with containers, boxes or bags as waste storage to avoid indiscriminate throwing of garbage and transport them to the nearest garbage pickup area. Section 4-E.1 – Food leftovers from canteen, restaurant and carinderias must be placed in covered cans or pails or may directly be given to animals for feeds while other waste must be segregated in separate bags to biodegradable and non-biodegradable items for pick-up by garbage truck. Section 5-E.1 – All residents must ensure that all waste properly segregated shall be brought out in front of their gate and door in order to be collected during collection time. Section 6-E.1 – Schedule of garbage collection in the poblacion area shall be from 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM daily or in whatever time the Municipal Solid Waste Management Board or the Office of the Mayor being the implementing department will schedule collection, while in the Barangay shall be at the discretion of respective Barangays. Section 7-E.1 – Each Barangay shall be responsible in the management of their garbage or waste.
Article F – Solid Waste Management Fee Section 1-F.1 – Solid Waste Management Fee – there shall be collection of Solid Waste Management Fee to Residential, Commercial and Industrial establishments as Follows: I.
INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS: Industries or Factories
- 1000
Supermarket
- 1000
Banks/Pawnshops
- 500
Gasoline Stations
- 500
LPG Refilling Stations
- 500
Grocery Stores
- 500
Bakeries
- 500
Dry Good Stores
- 500
Drug Stores
- 1000
Medical/dental Clinics
- 1000
SPA & Other Clinics
- 500
Swimming Pool w/ Fees
- 1000
Hardware
- 500
Junkshop
- 500
Private Schools/Offices
- 500
Gen. Merchandising
- 500
Restaurants/Fast Food
- 500
Videoke Bar
- 500
Funeral Parlor
- 500
Barber Shop/Beauty Parlor
- 500
Auto Supply
- 500
Canteen/Carinderias
- 500
Billiard Hall/Internet Café
- 500
Sari-Sari Stores
- 500
Meat, Fish & chicken Vendor
- 500
Poultry Farms
- 500
Car wash Establishments
- 500
Other Business not mentioned/classified above
- 500
Section 2-F.1 – Time and Manner of Payment – Payment shall be collected every 20th day of January annually upon issuance of Mayor’s Permit. II.
RESIDENTIAL/SUBDIVISIONS: All residential houses and subdivisions where Collection of garbage is made by Municipal Garbage Truck -
Section 3-F.1 – Time and Manner of Payment – Payment shall be collected by the authorized representative of the Municipal Treasurer’s Office upon collection of garbage with the issuance of Cash Ticket. The Cash Ticket shall be cut in half where the first half shall be given to the house owner and the other half shall be retained by the collector who shall then
returned the same to the Municipal Treasurer together with the abstract of collection for counter-checking of cash ticket issued in his possession. Section 4-F.1 – Usage of Fund – All collections received from this ordinance must be used of utilized in financing all Solid Waste Management Plan or Program formulated by the Municipal Solid Waste Management Board of the Municipality of Rizal, Laguna. Article G – Other Provisions Section 1-G.1 – Open burning of solid waste or garbage whether biodegradable or nonbiodegradable is strictly prohibited. Section 2-G.1 – Illegal dumping of solid waste or garbage along highway, street, alleys, canals, riverbanks and any public place is also strictly prohibited. Section 3-G.1 – All other provisions in Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 not otherwise mentioned in this ordinance are hereby adopted and form part of this code. Section 4-G.1 – Sales, Commercial Distribution and Use of all plastic bags in various sizes, plastic straws, plastic cups, styrofoams and other plastic product products shall be reduced to minimal level and totally prohibited one (1) year after the approval of this environmental code of Rizal, Laguna. All customers in meat section are required to practice the use of containers while the use of biodegradable bags shall be imposed in the fish section of the public market. Section 5-G.1 – Squatting and Constructing any king of structure within the 50-meters radius of the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) of Rizal, Laguna is strictly prohibited. Section 6-G.1 – No garbage or waste from other municipality or from nearby local government unit shall be allowed, accommodated or dumped in the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) of Rizal, Laguna without prior approval from the Local Chief Executive. Section 7-G.1 – Unauthorized person is not allowed to enter the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) of Rizal, Laguna. Section 8-G.1 – All Barangay are allowed and permitted to appropriate funds for the establishment of their own Material Recovery Facility (MRF). Section 9-G.1 – Indiscriminate throwing of dead animals is also prohibited. The practice burying or bringing cadaver of dead animals in the public cemetery is permitted.
PENAL PROVISIONS
Article A – Penal Clause Section 1-A.4 – Violation of the provisions mentioned and adopted by this ordinance by commercial and industrial establishments and habitual commission of offense under Section 2-A.4, shall be punished by paying a fine of not exceeding Two Thousand Pesos (P2,000.00)
or imprisonment of not exceeding Three (3) months or both fine and imprisonment at5 the discretion of the court of competent jurisdiction. Section 2-A.4 – Violation of the provisions mentioned and adopted by this ordinance by individual as well as non-payment of solid waste management fee by residents shall be fined by: First Offense
-
Reminder of the obligation as per Municipal Ordinance No.01Series of 2013 (MSWM ORD of Rizal, Laguna)
(An individual may also be require to render one (1) day community service of Cleaning at the discretion of Sangguniang Barangay) Second Offense
-
Payment of fine in the amount of P200.00, and an Invitation to appear in the Office of the Municipal Solid Waste Management Board.
Third and
-
Subsequent Offences
Application of penalty under Section 1-A.4 of the MSWM Ordinance of Rizal, Laguna.
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Article A – Citizen Assistance or Task Force Section 1-A.5 – Citizen Assistance or Task Force – For purposes of effective enforcement of this ordinance, a Task Force shall be organized and formed to perform daily inspection and any citizen may file a complaint against an individual for violation of the provisions mentioned and any adopted by this code to the nearest Office of Barangay Official (KatarunagangPambarangay) where the violation takes place, or may report the violation to the Office of the Municipal Mayor, to the Solid Waste Management Board for appropriate action.
Article B – Public Information and Education Section 1-B.5 – Public Information and Education – The Municipal Solid Waste Management Board thru the Office of the Mayor as the implementing department shall prom time to time conduct continuous public information and education of the solid waste management Plan of the municipality. Section 2-B.5 – All violators apprehended shall undergo a seminar for at least one (1) day to be conducted by MENRO of Rizal, Laguna.
Article C – Adoption of the Ordinance by Barangay Section 2-C.5 – Adoption of the Ordinance by barangay – All barangays through an ordinance may adopt the Environmental Code of Rizal, Laguna or may enact their own environmental ordinance provided that PENALTIES imposed to violators should not exceed the amount prescribed by the MSWM ordinance of Rizal, Laguna.
SEPARABILITY PROVISION
Article A – Separability Clause Section 1-A.6 – If for any reason, any provision, section or part of this code is declared not valid by a court of competent jurisdiction or suspended and/or revoked by Sangguniang Panlalawigan, such judgment shall not affect or impair the remaining provisions, section or parts thereof and shall remain or continue to be in full force and effect.
REPEALING PROVISION
Article A – Repealing Clause Section 1-A.7 – All other enacted resolutions and ordinances, implementing rules and regulation in conflict or inconsistent with this MSWM ordinance of Rizal, Laguna are hereby Repealed, Amended, Modified and Superseded accordingly.
EF FECTIVITY
Article A – Effectivity Section 1-A.8– This Solid Waste Management Ordinance of Rizal, Laguna shall take upon approval.
10. Social and Environmental Aspect
Sustainable 10-year solid waste management plan requires social acceptability. This will be a factor in the ease of its implementation in the LGU. The assessment of its environmental impact is another crucial factor to be analyzed. Being an academic institution, it is of great importance that we serve as a model to other communities and LGUs. This requires a socially and environmentally friendly solid waste management program. 10.1. Social Aspects There are many factors to consider for the social acceptability of the program. There are different strengths and weaknesses as well as the available threats and opportunities for development. Social acceptability of the project could be analyzed using SWOT Analysis. Strength no. 1 (S1): The Rizal community has advantage in the availability of technical resources through the cooperation of UPLB through this proposal (resource person and research and development facilities). Strength no. 2 (S2): There is strong environmental awareness among the citizens and government of the Rizal. Weakness no. 1 (W1): Presently there are only few available infrastructures and the 10-year solid waste management requires the creation of different facilities to accommodate its implementation. Weakness no. 2 (W2): There is minimal fund available for its implementation. Opportunity no. 1 (O1): The present government of Rizal prioritizes the environment protection of the LGU and willing for an eco-tourism program. Opportunity no. 2 (O2): Presently, the solid waste management program is not sustainable. Meaning the LGU pays every month to manage its waste. Minimal income is generated and the flow of money is outward. Opportunity no. 3 (O3): Rizal is focusing in its eco-tourism program, thus there are many opportunities to collaborate with other LGU regarding the SWMP. Threat no. 1 (T1): Possible conflict of Interest among the different research institutions and stake-holders involved. Threat no. 2 (T2): People in the Rizal will not patronize the SWMP due to different reasons like additional fees, banning of products, strict implementation of policy, etc.
Table 23. SWOT Analysis of the Social Acceptability of SWMP.
S1
O1 Research and development project regarding SWM will most likely be approved and given required funding.
The policies and projects approved by the Rizal government on could be easily implemented in the LGU due to the support of the citizen.
Strengths
S2
W1
Opportunities O2 Because of the need for new SWM techniques, sustainability study could be initiated by the application of different technologies in waste minimization and processing. The present SWM condition could be used to encourage the people that there is a need to improve the current SWMP and this would require their cooperation.
There will be a slow start up for the new SWMP because various infrastructures and institutions are needed to be established. But this will be remedied by the dedication of the LGU to prioritize the development of SWM.
The need for improvement/ development will require the present Government of Rizal to fund/appropriate budget through linkages the capacity building and research programs regarding SWM.
Collaboration with UPLB will create a large network and connections with various funding agencies that could facilitate the projects for SWMP
The start-up stage of this program will require assistance from different institutions. Linkages must be done because if the current SWM produces negative income, it will be difficult to shoulder more expenses for improvement.
O3 A synergism could be established between Rizal Government and the UPLB in terms of capacity building and infrastructure development.
The environmental awareness and development of SWMP could also be adapted by neighboring LGU, thus educating not only the people inside Rizal but also the populace of San Pablo and Nagcarlan. This could create a culture of responsible SWM throughout the community. Provincial government could help the LGU in the SWM. So it can serve as a pilot-scale evaluation of the various SWM projects.
Threats T1 T2 Through proper Being and in planning, this could be collaboration with an avoided. The creation academic institution, it of each committee will will be easier to launch be very important in different Education and this matter. Different Information stake-holders must be Campaigns (EIC) represented to avoid though out Rizal. conflict. Frequent communication must be done among the stake-holders. Conflict of interest The awareness of the could be minimized if people will decrease the benefit of the the tendency of majority will be violation and increase considered. The the cooperation. As environment awareness long as the people see of the citizen binds the that there is people to a single development, public objective (improving participation will be a the SWMP), keeping lot easier. aside their personal interest.
Conflict of interest may arise on the stage of choosing what technology to use, or what project will be funded. Through proper planning and communication at the Start-up stage these conflicts could be avoided.
Weaknesses
W2
External Funding from the LGU and national government can be possible. Rizal community could be made a model LGU in the Philippines due to its Effort in ecotourism. The government could find Rizal desirable for Investment.
This will be an opportunity to create a healthy competition (through the selection process of which technology will be funded) among various institutions, thus producing quality research projects and more efficient processes. Conflict could be avoided through communication, and fair management.
Patronage could be achieved if the people see the improvement and sense the eagerness of the leadership to implement its rules. The crucial stage will be the first 2-3 years of implementation. If the people see that the LGU is serious about its programs (through establishment of facility and successful start-up stage). More people will cooperate with the SWMP. People are output oriented in terms of their insight about SWM acceptability. It will be important to establish first the visible outputs/efforts (through revised budget allocation and collaboration with different funding agencies) for the people to patronize the SWMP.
10.2. Environmental Aspects Apparently an improved SWMP will have positive effects of the beautification and minimization of the harmful effects caused by solid wastes. But to make this plan sustainable, it will be important to determine not only the positive but also the negative impact of the SWMP to the environment. Establishments like ECO-sites, sanitary landfill, organic farming, decomposition pits, and hazardous waste treatment facility require an Environment Impact Assessment before its establishment. This will be assigned to the respective committees designated for the specific project. Proper zoning must be implemented considering the proper land-use and the nearby bodies of water.
Waste management projects are listed under Non-Environmentally-Critical Project type of Environmentally Critical Areas or group 2, as per DAO 2003-30. The highest documentary requirement for this group is the IEE or Initial Environmental Examination. Since the proposed waste management project is still in its infancy, requirements for new projects will also be done. The other requirements are the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), Programmatic EIS (PEIS) and, as an option, a Project Description Report (PDR). The decision document for these requirements is the ECC or Environmental Compliance Certificate. In accomplishing the IEE, an IEE Report (IEER) and IEE Checklist (IEEC), is required. The proponent undertakes the IEE study. IEER/IEEC will be the basis of the Environmental Management Bureau for prioritization in compliance monitoring and evaluation. Within 3 days, IEER procedural screening will be validated by the screening officer, while IEEC will be validated after 1 day. Non-conforming documents will be returned. If conforming, the proponent will pay the filing fee and will show the receipt to the Case Handler for the substantive review of the document. The submission for the substantive review will include 5 hard copies and 1 CD copy each for the IEER and IEEC. 60 days is given for the review of the IEER while 30 days is given for IEEC. Finally, if all documents proved compliant, ECC is transmitted to the concerned party, including recommendations into the decision making process.
11. Cost Estimates/ Financial Aspect 11.1. Investment Cost Considering the factors and calculations mentioned above. From the projected waste generation and population, the projected cost for investment will be calculated. This will serve as basis for policy making and fund appropriation. The approximated cost is also checked and compared to prevailing prices for other references. Collection Mechanism Repair of Isuzu Eagle Dump Truck
P200,000.00
LGU - MRF Creation Cost of Land (3,314m2) (2,500.00/m2) Composting Equipment Simple Structure (500m2) (P4000.00/m2) Inoculant Sub-total
P8,250,000.00 P3,500,000.00 P2,000,000.00 P250,000.00 P14,000,000.00
Barangay MRF Creation (Two Facilities) Composting Equipment Simple Structure (200m2) (P4000.00/m2) Sub-total
P7,000,000.00 P800,000.00 P7,800,000.00
SLF Creation Cost of Land (10,000m2) (P3,300.00/m2) Excavation of Land (P500/m3) (14,1900m3) Black Hoe Compactor Hazardous Cell (750m3) Capacity Sub-total
P3,300,000.00 P7,450,000.00 P380.000.00 P1,600,000.00 P1,190,000.00 P13,920,000.00
IEC Materials
P30,000.00
Segregation Bins (300 units)(P250.00/unit)
P75,000.00
TOTAL
P36,025,000.00
11.2. Annual Cost This includes the maintenance and operating cost of SWM facilities. From the gasoline, power consumption, contingency funds, up to the salary of personnel. These are accounted every year depending on the expected capacity of solid waste. Time and Motion Study for Collection From the MRF and SLF located in Brgy. Tala, the proposed route (shortest possible w/ greatest coverage) is going through the MRF of Antipolo (via National Highway) (8.3km), then to the MRF of Brgy. Talaga (2.9km), then to the East end Poblacion (2.2km) before returning to the MRF of Brgy. Tala (2.7km). Total Distance per Trip: 16.1 km Waste Collected: (4m3) 952.5kg/day (average) Number of Trips per day = 1 trip Travel Speed: 15km/hr Travel Time: 1.073hrs. Number of Stops: (5km/30 stops) = 97 stops Time/Stop: = 15 second Time due to Stops: 0.4042 hrs. Unloading Time: 0.3333hrs Cleaning Time: 0.1667 hrs Total Time Spent/Trip = 2 hrs. (approximately) Fuel Cost (5k/L)(P41.00/L) = P205.00/Trip Total Fuel Cost = 205(365)(10) = P748,250.00 Change Oil Requirements: (16.1km/day)(365 days/yr)(10yrs)(change oil/5000km) = 12 times Change Oil Cost: (P5000.00/change oil)(12) = P60,000.00
Table 24. Estimated Operational and Maintenance Cost for SLF (14,190m3 capacity) Components Manpower Fuel and Oil Equipment Repair Water and power Communications Office Supplies Water Quality Test Road and Drainage System Total Annual Operating Cost
0 -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
237,760.00 74,825.00
237,760.00 74,825.00
237,760.00 74,825.00
237,760.00 74,825.00
237,760.00 74,825.00
237,760.00 74,825.00
237,760.00 74,825.00
237,760.00 74,825.00
237,760.00 74,825.00
237,760.00 74,825.00
7200.00
12,000.00
20,000.00
33,333.00
55,556.00
92,593.00
154,321.00
154,321.00
154,321.00
154,321.00
24,000.00
30,000.00
24,000.00
30,000.00
24,000.00
30,000.00
24,000.00
30,000.00
24,000.00
30,000.00
3,600.00 2,500.00
3,600.00 2,500.00
3,600.00 2,500.00
4,000.00 2,500.00
4,000.00 3,000.00
4,000.00 3,000.00
4,400.00 3,000.00
4,400.00 3,000.00
4,400.00 3,000.00
4,400.00 3,000.00
16,000.00
16,000.00
16,000.00
16,000.00
16,000.00
16,000.00
16,000.00
16,000.00
16,000.00
16,000.00
12,000.00
12,000.00
18,000.00
18,000.00
18,000.00
18,000.00
26,000.00
26,000.00
26,000.00
26,000.00
377,885
388,685
396,685
416,418
433,141
476,178
540,306.
546,306
546,306
546,306
-
Table 25. Estimated Operational and Maintenance Cost for Hazardous Waste Cell (750m3 capacity) Components Construction of Access Road Plastic Container and Soil Covering Fuel and Oil and Spare Parts Fencing Man Power Grand Total
0 -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6,000.00
6,000.00
7,500.00
7,500.00
9,000.00
9,000.00
9,000.00
9,000.00
9,000.00
9,000.00
180,000.00
180,000.00
180,000.00
180,000.00
180,000.00
180,000.00
180,000.00
180,000.00
180,000.00
180,000.00
18,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
72,000.00 276,000
72,000.00 276,000
72,000.00 277,500
6,000.00 72,000.00 283,500
72,000.00 279,000
7,500.00 72,000.00 286,500
72,000.00 279,000
7,5000.00 72,000.00 286,500
72,000.00 279,000
72,000.00 279,000
-
-
11.3. Funding Options The requirements in fund can be loaned from National and International Funding Agencies. Examples of these firms are the Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Land Bank, and Development Bank of the Philippines. Loans can be having at least 5% interest. This will be accounted for the total expenses. 11.4. Cost Evaluation and Comparison Possible Expenses Initial Investment: P36,025,000.00 Operations Expenses: P7,530,216.00 Total Expenses: 43.305,216.00 + interest = P45,732,976.00 Possible Income Income from SWM Fee: (P20.00/month) (3992.25 ave. households for 10 year) (12) (10) = P9,581,400.00 (P750.00/month) (401.89 ave. commercial establishments and industries) (12)(10) = P36,170,100.00 Income from Recovered Products: (234,326.9 kg recyclable for 10 years)(P5.00/kg average selling price of recyclable) = P1,171,634.70 Income from Compost: (2,190,943.758 kg biodegradable waste for 10 year)(0.6 decomposition ratio)(50kg)(P300.00/sack) =P219,094.40 Total Income: 47,142,229.10 11.5 Comparison and Summary Upon comparing the total expenses and total income it was found out that there will be a total income on the over-all implementation of the SWMP of about 1,410,000.00. This can be allocated to other SWM project that can improve the implementation. Thus the proposed SWMP is financially sustainable.
12. Plan of Implementation
Implementation Schedule
Activity LGU-MRF Establishment Procurement Construction Operation Sanitary Landfill Feasibility Studies EIA Procurement Construction Operation IEC activities Procurement Operation Hazardous Waste Cell Procurement Construction Operation
1
2013 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
11
2014 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
11
12
References
Waste Analysis and Characterization Study Ecogov Manual Sanitary Landfill Category 1 and 2 EcoGov Manual DENR-EMB Solid Waste Management Best Practices BIO-QUICK and BIO-FIX Compost Technology, BIOTECH UPLB Handouts of ChE 284 for SLF Costing and Capacity Calculation WACS of RIZAL Laguna by LISCOP 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan of Los Banos, Laguna 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan of Alaminos, Laguna MRF Design at Brgy. Sta Cruz, Bay, Laguna by M.V.O. Laurio Guidbook to Solid Waste Management Plan, DENR-EMB Municipal Data of Rizal, Laguna Climatic Data of Agromet, UPLB UPLB Solid Waste Management Plan Proposal Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) of WARM Dumpsite Proposal Policy by Vina Lorraine Orolfo Cost of Composting Facility, DOST, ITDI Prevailing Interest Rates of Government Loan, Development Bank of the Philippines IEC Materials about SWM of DENR-EMB WACS of Bae, Alaminos, Calauan, Rizal, and Nagcarlan by Laguna Lake Development Authority. Presentation Files, Status of SWM in UPLB by J.A. Pagtananan.
