Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 82 (2013) 727 – 729
World Conference on Psychology and Sociology 2012
Psychological Skills Evolution During a Sport Season of Coaches of Women Handball Teams Fernando Gimeno a*, Rosana Castillo a, Celia Marcen a a
Zaragoza University,Spain
Abstract The main aim of this study is to find out the most outstanding skills coaches ; and see after a season without an intervention program, whether there have been changes in these variables. There were 26 coaches altogether who took part in the survey: There were all from Zaragoza, Spain: 36% of them were women, whereas selff registration mation. Trainers had to fill in the Psychological Characteristics of Handball Trainers (PCHT) questionnaire both at the beginning and at the end of the sport season. The results show that there were not remarkable changes in motivation, coping skills, leadership, relational skills or selff perceived satisfaction levels. However, to get any better after the sport season, hence a formation programme would be welcome to improve some relational and technical skills of a term. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer review under the responsibility of Prof. Dr. Kobus Maree, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Selection and peer review under the responsibility of Prof. Dr. Kobus Maree, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Keywords: Psychological Skills, Coaches, Handball,
;
*Fernando Gimeno Marco: Tel.: +34 657-694-965 E-mail address:
[email protected]
1877-0428 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer review under the responsibility of Prof. Dr. Kobus Maree, University of Pretoria, South Africa. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.337
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Fernando Gimeno et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 82 (2013) 727 – 729
1. Introduction In high level sport, psychological variables have been studied mainly in athletes. Thus, this approach has been one of the main objectives of the studies of Sport Psychology. Everybody who works in high level sports, such as coaches, referees, managers, parents... are also a very important part to study due to the fact that their psychological characteristics may affect performance (Balaguer, 1994; Buceta, 1998; Roberts, 2001; Cruz 2002). Not only the athletes have to do their best, but also coaches have to optimize their abilities in their role. So coaches must improve their abilities and skills through a successful control of their psychological variables so that they can develop a good job to accomplish the best sports results from their athletes. (Crespo & Balaguer, 1994; Martens, 2002). To identify relevant psychological variables in people involved in sports, research in sports psychology began following the inductive methods, analysing how experts, athletes, coaches... did in theirs fields. This kind of descriptive research used observational methods like Highlen & Bennet (1979) or Meyers, Coolke, Cullen & Liles (1979). However, sometime later, correlational and cuasi experimental research methods were developed using several instruments like questionnaires, such as e.g. Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (Psis-r5) of Mahoney, Gabriel and Perkins (1987). Similar to this questionnaire, Gimeno and Buceta (2010), developed the Psychological Characteristics (Gimeno & Torres 2006; Torres, Gimeno, Fonseca, & Almeida, 2007). 2. Objective Know the main skills of coaches of ndball teams when managing the teams. Know if there were changes in these variables during one sport season, without the application of an intervention program. 3. Method self-registration We used the questionnaire: PCHT This questionnaire compile seven different scales: motivation, perception of successful conductual skills, perception of failed conductual skills, coaches impression of players opinions about their skills, perception of psychological , perception of those abilities which are likely to be improved, and knowledge and skills considered important by coaches for training teams. A five interval Likert scale was used to answer the different scales. All scales presented scores > 0.75, (good internal consistency). The questionnaires were filled in by trainers at the beginning and at the end of the sport season. Also the coaches were interviewed to complete the answers of the questionnaire. 4. Findings and conclusions Wilcoxon Test for related samples was used to analyse the differences in psychological characteristics and skills from the beginning to the end of a sport season. The results are shown in Tabla 1. No statistically significant differences were found between values at the end and at the beginning of the sport season in the different scales of PCHT questionnaire.
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Fernando Gimeno et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 82 (2013) 727 – 729
Table 1. Differences between values at the beginning and at the end of the sport season about perception of psychological skills and characteristics of trainers of hand teams.
Scales Motivation Perception of successful conductual skills Perception of failed conductual skills Coaches perception about players opinions Perception of stable psychological S Knowledge teams. p>0,05
Z -,460* -,935* -,223* -,626* -,818* ,000*
.
-1,367*
Pre Md 36 51 30 61 60 34 40
Post Md 33 53 35 62 66 33 34
Since psychological competence a formation programme would be welcome to achieve better relational and technical skills all through a sport season. Motivation, stress management along with physical training aspects are the most demanding abilities need to improve. References Balaguer, I. (1994).
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