putting wa archaeology on the map

PUTTING WA ARCHAEOLOGY ON THE MAP: THE INESTIMABLE CONTRIBUTION OF CHARLIE DORTCH

THEMED SECTION GUEST EDITORS: SANDRA BOWDLER, JANE BALME AND JOE DORTCH Image: Charlie Dortch at Devils Lair, southwest Australia.

Charlie Dortch: History and archaeology across three continents Joe Dortch, Jane Balme and Sandra Bowdler, with Peter Randolph Archaeology (M257), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia

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Charlie Dortch’s lasting interest in the human past could be said to have begun in his childhood in Atlanta, Georgia, surrounded by Native American and Civil War heritage. After service in the US Army in Berlin from 1959–1961, he graduated in 1963 from the University of Southern Mississippi with a BSc in history and a penchant for adventure. He fulfilled the latter by working as navigator and surveyor for geophysical crews in Brazil and Libya— valuable experience for running archaeological fieldwork. With support from the GI Bill, Charlie undertook an MPhil at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London (UCL), submitting a major analysis and review of the lithics from Ksar Akil, Lebanon (Dortch 1970). While enrolled in this degree programme Charlie also spent 14 months on excavations of Palaeolithic sites in the Perigord and Thames Valley. Another excavation in Dorset was also significant because there he met Mary Cavender, his wifeto-be; they married in 1968. While at UCL, Charlie met Ian Crawford, who was about to take up a position of Curator of Anthropology at the expanding Western Australian Museum (WAM). With Ian’s encouragement, Charlie successfully applied for a job as WAM’s first Curator of Archaeology, and emigrated on an Assisted Passage in 1970. He almost immediately began work at two important sites at opposite ends of the state: Devils Lair, in southwest Australia, and Miriwun, in the northeast Kimberley. The WAM Curator of Palaeontology, Duncan Merrilees, had been waiting for the museum to hire an archaeologist so that he could excavate Devils Lair, which contained both megafauna bones and archaeological material. Almost immediately Charlie was whisked off to the site. It took seven meticulously executed excavation seasons to reach the base of the 6.7 m deposit and another to consolidate the trenches, resulting in some 25 publications by the time of Duncan’s retirement in 1980. Devils Lair remains an iconic site in Australian archaeology, especially for its deep antiquity and rich faunal sequence within a finely stratified deposit. The Kimberley work began in 1971, initially as a salvage programme in the area that was subsequently inundated by the creation of Lake Argyle. Here Charlie excavated at several sites, notably Miriwun and Monsmont, and collected surface artefacts from open sites. In 1977 two benchmark volumes in Australian archaeology were published: Sunda and Sahul (Allen et al. 1977) and Stone Tools as Cultural Markers (Wright 1977). Both contained articles which summarised the first decades of professional archaeological research in

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Charlie Dortch inspecting Aboriginal stone artefacts at Mosman Park rubbish tip, Perth, 1976 (photograph by Mike Brown; reproduced with permission of the National Library of Australia).

Australia, and which also set the agenda, both substantive and theoretical, for the next several decades. With respect to the latter, it arose from a conference held in 1974, so the papers in that volume are now some 40 years old. One of those papers is Dortch’s (1977) ‘Early and late industrial stone phases in Western Australia’. Were it not for that paper, the western third of the continent would not have become such an important part of the ongoing discourse on Australian archaeology. Because of it, these volumes demonstrated an Australia-wide vision of the Aboriginal past that knitted the west and the east together. On the surface, Charlie’s contribution to the Wright (1977) volume was a very straightforward archaeological paper, offering new data from both the north and south of WA, and relatively conservative opinions about them. In fact, it offered evidence and interpretation relevant to what were perceived to be the significant research issues of the day, and also to debates that are still ongoing. One of the interesting aspects of Dortch’s work is that he was one of the rare archaeologists of Aboriginal Australia to come from a non-European background, even though

December 2014, Volume 79:00–00

Joe Dortch, Jane Balme and Sandra Bowdler, with Peter Randolph

At about this time Charlie encouraged his son, Joe, to embark on postgraduate studies at The University of WA (UWA). Charlie fulfilled a long-standing intention and did the same, so that, in 1996, Jane Balme, newly appointed at UWA, found herself in the unique position of supervising, both her former boss and his son. Charlie and Joe completed their PhDs within weeks of each other in November and December 2000 (Charlie was first). Building on Charlie’s post-Devils Lair work on the southwest coastline, and the work of others across the region, notably Sylvia Hallam and Charlie’s former Assistant Curator, Bill Ferguson, they created complementary and integrated archaeological interpretations of the southwest. While cave archaeology provided an insight into deep time and forest occupation, coastal archaeology and a rich historical ethnography indicated intensive coastal resource use and territoriality through recent millennia (Dortch 2002).

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In the early 1970s, Australian archaeology was well set on the path of an archaeology of Aboriginal people located in their specific environments that seems perfectly normal now but, prior to the mid-1960s, had hardly been a concern. The early archaeologists tended to focus very closely on stone tools and human remains, without much concern for how these articulated with living people in their environmental settings. There was also a limited understanding of the role of Aboriginal ethnography and history in interpreting the past. British practitioners, in particular, were often still labouring under the idea that what could be learned about Aboriginal society and culture could be applied to the general deep past of humans in a global context, without caring much about the specificity of Aboriginal lifeways and land relations. There was also a somewhat more American concern for the use of ‘ethnographic analogy’ in interpreting the past (e.g. Ascher 1961); it was a while before Australian archaeologists became comfortable with the role of ethnography and history as part of an historical continuum from the deep past to the recent lives of Aboriginal people.

and collaborated with the WAM Maritime Archaeology Department and the Manjimup Aboriginal Corporation (MAC) in diving and recording stone artefacts and tree stumps on the lake floor. Charlie subsequently spent many fieldwork hours on MAC projects, revisiting important sites and developing public appreciation for Noongar (southwestern Australian Aboriginal) heritage.

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he arrived here via the UK, having worked on material from the Middle East. His early training may account for some of his less conventional approaches. In his Wright volume paper, for example, he invoked the American archaeologists Willey and Phillips (1958) to support his concept of a ‘stone industrial phase’, which got around some of the difficulties others were having in those days in conceptualising basic archaeological building blocks.

In this context, Dortch showed what was, for the time, a sophisticated understanding of the role of environmental research in interpreting the Australian archaeological record, and in working with scientists from other disciplines. He also turned to ethnographic and historical sources, particularly Kaberry (1935, 1938, 1939), to understand better how real people functioned in their environments. He addressed specific issues of the day, such as seasonality, the nature of microlithic industries, the role of shellfish in Aboriginal economies and evidence for long distance trade within these contexts.

Dortch drew on data from all his local colleagues to construct a much-needed overview of the WA Aboriginal past. While not agreeing with all of their ideas, such as Gould’s (1971) interpretation of the Puntutjarpa sequence, he nonetheless generously acknowledged their contribution, while also framing questions in the context of the intellectual avant garde of the day (Binford and Binford 1969). He was not afraid to draw on his wider knowledge of world archaeology, for instance in controversially describing the use of the Levallois technique in Kimberley stone artefact assemblages. While the 1970s have been seen as the ‘cowboy’ phase of Australian archaeology, Dortch’s contribution showed a serious concern with bringing together scattered and often exiguous data in the archaeological bedrock exercise of sequence building and defining cultural variation in time and space. For the first time it could be seen that there were pan-Australian similarities in the Aboriginal past, as well as regional differences to be addressed in future research. Investigation of the effects of changing coastlines dominated much of Charlie’s subsequent research (e.g. Dortch 1997, 1999; Dortch et al. 1984). On WA’s Southern Ocean coastline Charlie identified the archaeological significance of Lake Jasper (Dortch and Godfrey 1991), the first (and still only) known submerged Aboriginal site in Australia,

Throughout this period Charlie’s interest in archaeology was never limited to far-flung or remote locations. Archaeology of the Perth region was revealed variously, from having missed the train one day and discovering fossiliferous chert artefacts in a cutting at a suburban railway station, to excavating the 10,000 year sequence at Minim Cove (Clarke and Dortch 1977). Charlie has been for many years fascinated by the archaeology of Rottnest Island, 19 km off Perth, and it was here that he made some of his most intriguing discoveries, comprising stone artefacts and manuports in situ beneath several metres of calcarenite (Dortch and Dortch 2012; Dortch and Hesp 1998)—the subject of continuing research. As an employee of WAM, Charlie was also charged with outreach, including preparing exhibitions and education. He was always very generous with his time, helping numerous honours and postgraduate students. In his initial years at WAM, the Department of Aboriginal Sites, which administered the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972, was also housed at WAM. The Department was also responsible for training Indigenous site officers. Charlie provided guidance and inspiration to the trainees, who used this experience to further their future careers. Some of these trainees, such as Brian Blurton, have continued their careers in Indigenous heritage, while others, such as Ted Wilkes and Peter Yu, developed their skills to build very successful careers in other areas. Charlie’s personal and academic experiences make for an unusual contribution to archaeology—a blend of historical perspective, processual thought, intuition, curiosity and humour. No one who has done fieldwork with Charlie can forget the trips to the ‘Wine Mine’ to fill up plastic jerry cans with wine as standard preparation. Looking back to the beginnings of WA archaeology, it is hard to imagine a more useful combination to map out the research questions at this scale, nor, in later life, the capacity to review the cultural history and economic practices of a people such as the Noongar. Charlie always gave generously of his time and knowledge to Aboriginal people, colleagues and students. We hope that this volume in a small way acknowledges his significant intellectual and personal contributions.


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Charlie Dortch: History and archaeology across three continents

References Allen, J., J. Golson and R. Jones (eds) 1977 Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia. London: Academic Press. Ascher, R. 1961 Analogy in archaeological interpretation. Southwest Journal of Anthropology 17:317–325.

Dortch, C.E. and I.M. Godfrey 1990 Aboriginal sites in a submerged landscape at Lake Jasper, southwestern Australia. Australian Archaeology 31:28–33.

Binford, S.R. and L.R. Binford 1969 Stone tools and human behaviour. Scientific American 220:70–84.

Dortch, C. and J. Dortch 2012 Archaeological evidence for early human presence in the western reaches of the Greater Swan Region. Fremantle Studies 7:51–76

Clarke, J. and C.E. Dortch 1977 A 10,000 year bp radiocarbon date for archaeological finds within a soil of the Spearwood Dune System, Mosman Park, WA. Search 8:36–38.

Dortch, C.E. and P. Hesp 1994 Rottnest Island artefacts and palaeosols in the context of Greater Swan Region prehistory. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 77:25–32.

Dortch, C.E. 1970 A Typological Analysis of Some Late Upper Palaeololithic Levels at Ksar Akil, Lebanon. Unpublished MPhil thesis, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London.

Dortch, C.E., G. Kendrick and K. Morse 1984 Aboriginal mollusc exploitation in southwestern Australia. Archaeology in Oceania 19:81–104.

Dortch, C.E. 1997 New perceptions of the chronology and development of Aboriginal estuarine fishing in south Western Australia. World Archaeology 29:15–35.

Kaberry, P. 1935 The Forrest River and Line River tribes of northwest Australia. Oceania 5:408–436.

Kaberry, P. 1938 Totemism in east and south Kimberley, northwest Australia. Oceania 8: 265–288. Kaberry, P. 1939 Aboriginal Woman: Sacred and Profane. Routledge: London.

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Dortch, C.E. 1999 Archaeological assessment of Aboriginal estuarine fishing on the Southern Ocean coast of Western Australia. In J. Hall and I.J. McNiven (eds), Australian Coastal Archaeology, pp.25–35. Research Papers in Archaeology and Natural History 31. Canberra: ANH Publications, Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.

Gould, R. 1971 The archaeologist as ethnographer: A case study from the Western Desert of Australia. World Archaeology 3(2):143–177.

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Dortch, C.E. 1977a Early and late stone industrial phases in Western Australia. In R.V.S. Wright (ed.), Stone Tools as Cultural Markers: Change, Evolution and Complexity, pp.104–132. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.

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Dortch, C.E. 2002 Modelling past Aboriginal hunter-gatherer socioeconomic and territorial organisation in Western Australia’s lower southwest. Archaeology in Oceania 37:1–21.

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Willey, G.R. and P. Phillips 1958 Method and Theory in American Archaeology. Chicago: University of Chicago. Wright, R.V.S. (ed.) 1977 Stone Tools as Cultural Markers: Change, Evolution and Complexity. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.


Wayne Webb / Sandra Bowdler

Charlie Dortch Wayne Webb Pibulmun/Wadandi elder

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What I thank Charlie for is showing non-Aboriginal people that, in the southwest, the Pibulmun/Wadandi people lived and thrived, and helping to dispel the myth that the REAL Aboriginal people live above the 26th parallel and those of us in the southwest do not exist. He has shown respect for our boodjara (land), our people and our families, and I am sure he will be around for many more years to come. Congratulations Dr Charlie Dortch for a long overdue recognition from academia and Aboriginal Australia.

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He introduced us to digging holes with what I thought was a brickie’s trowel, but soon learned was an archaeological tool. Deeper and deeper he would dig, coming up for air only to sieve the buckets he collected and take notes and back to it again. He reminded of us of a prairie dog, popping up in different places around the southwest. Charlie’s enthusiasm soon had us hooked on what he called archaeology. As a Pibulmun/Wadandi blackfella whose life up until then had existed on common sense, the academia of it all still amuses me, but it has also provided me with great opportunities.

Charlie has enriched our lives and we have spent wonderful days at Devils Lair, Quinninup fireplaces and Mokidup (Ellensbrook), listening and learning together. Besides being honoured to know and work with Charlie, our friendship has enabled us to work with three generations of Dortches (Charlie, Joe and Hazel) and, in return, four generations of Webbs have benefited from his teachings—Mum and Dad (deceased), myself and wife Toni, our son Zac, and our 14 year old grand-daughter Sharnae, who is the latest member of our family now interested in artefact identification. It’s a sort of Aboriginal/archaeological symbiosis or intergenerational Dortch and Webb interaction.

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A cousin of mine (now deceased)—a wonderful academic visionary called Michael—first introduced me to Charlie. Michael knew that I and members of my family continued to practise our traditional and cultural activities, so he introduced us to each other. Thus we met Charlie, an enthusiastic archaeologist from America’s south who stutters slightly when excited—and boy could he get excited picking up stones and rocks, showing us ancient tools, giving them strange names and showing us all sorts of technical details, like percussion points, dorsal scars, flakes, quartz and chert!

And a Suggestion from One of Our Readers: A Personal Note Sandra Bowdler

Archaeology (M257), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia

My first meeting with Charlie Dortch was in 1976. I was at the time a PhD student at The Australian National University (ANU), and was working on material I had excavated on Hunter Island in northwest Tasmania. The main site I was working on was Cave Bay Cave, which at the time was one of a handful of Pleistocene sites in southern Australia with similar archaeological characteristics and problems, including Devils Lair. I was fortunate in being able to visit Western Australia (WA) while research was still being carried out at the latter site. I was met by Charlie at Perth Airport, where my first impression was the gorgeous heat, and the second was of one of the most energetic colleagues I have ever met. He kindly offered me accommodation at his home, and from the airport to Fremantle he explained to me the archaeology, geomorphology and vegetation of the Perth coastal plain, before even a mention of Devils Lair was made. A few days at Devils Lair itself was quite a treat, and I have fond memories of sitting around a campfire with Charlie, Duncan Merrilees and Jane Balme (then a student). I also had memorable nights on Charlie’s back verandah, where he produced flagons of red wine. One of them had a familiar brand name, Kaiserstuhl (Port 2009), and gradually the truth emerged ...

A then more-or-less recent letter to the journal Mankind (as it was then called) had been headed ‘And a suggestion from one of our readers’. It was in response to an article by Grover S. Krantz, who I had thought was himself a joke, although I learnt

subsequently that he was a very serious scholar. In his paper entitled ‘Cranial hair and brow ridges’ (Krantz 1973) he had suggested that one of the functions of brow ridges may have been to keep the hair out of hominins’ eyes; it was accompanied by appropriate selfies, with Dr Krantz decked out in artificial brow ridges. (Look it up if you don’t believe this, but make sure you look at a copy in a library with the photos.)

And a Suggestion From One of Our Readers In view of our somewhat isolated position and in order to promote a feeling of good fellowship, I have felt for some time that Australian prehistorians would benefit from having some sort of shared physical feature, rather as naval officers wear beards. Since reading an article by Grover S. Krantz in Mankind (December 1973), I have been intrigued with the idea of our having ourselves fitted with artificial brow ridges similar to those described by Krantz. These need not be worn on all occasions, and I am sure that they would be inappropriate much of the time. Nevertheless on purely professional occasions the attachments would be most suitable and could even be useful for providing protection from flies or sun in the field, enabling one to mask one’s feelings when addressing students, and in providing welcome privacy if not relief from inflamed eyes. I suggest that these attachments be used and if the proposal catches on we could of course elaborate on other features, perhaps on the basis of academic rank or speciality. For instance university professors, many of whom are scant of hair, could easily be fitted with saggital crests; and museum


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And a Suggestion from One of our Readers: A Personal Note

men, who are not required to speak often or to use difficult words or phrases, could be fitted with boxers’ rubber mouthpieces in order to simulate prognathism. (But really this last is as easily induced by pressing the tongue against the inside of the upper lip.) In brief, there are a number of means by which a variety of marked effects can be produced easily and with almost no discomfort. Wolfgang Maria Von Kaiserstuhl Western Australixa Ms. received February 1974.

References Port, J. 2009 Last days of iconic wines. The Age April 7, 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2014 from .

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Von Kaiserstuhl, W.M. 1974 Letter to the Editor. Mankind 9:235.

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Grover, S.K. 1973 Cranial hair and brow ridges. Mankind 9:109–111.

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Charles E. Dortch Publication List 1970

1976

Dortch, C.E. 1970 A Typological Analysis of Some Late Upper Palaeololithic Levels at Ksar Akil, Lebanon. Unpublished MPhil thesis, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London.

Dortch, C.E. 1976a Devils Lair: A Search for Ancient Man in Western Australia. Perth: Western Australian Museum.

Dortch, C.E. and D. Merrilees 1971 A salvage excavation in Devils Lair, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 54:103–113.

Dortch, C.E. and G. Gardner 1976 Archaeological sites in the Northcliffe District, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 4:257–293.

1972

1977

Dortch, C. 1972a Archaeological work in the Ord reservoir area, east Kimberley. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Newsletter 3:13–18.

Clarke, J. and C.E. Dortch 1977 A 10,000 year bp radiocarbon date for archaeological finds within a soil of the Spearwood Dune System, Mosman Park, WA. Search 8:36–38.

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1971

Dortch, C.E. 1976b Two engraved stone plaques of late Pleistocene age from Devils Lair, Western Australia. Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania 3:33–40.

Dortch, C.E. 1972b An archaeological site in the Chichester Range, Western Australia: Preliminary account. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 55:65–72.

Dortch, C.E. and F. Bordes 1977 Blade and Levallois technology in Western Australia. Quartär 27–28:1–19. Dortch, C.E. 1977a Early and late stone industrial phases in Western Australia. In R.V.S. Wright (ed.), Stone Tools as Cultural Markers: Change, Evolution and Complexity, pp.104–132. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.

1973

Dortch, C.E. and D. Merrilees 1973 Human occupation of Devils Lair, Western Australia, during the Pleistocene. Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania 5:27–52.

Dortch, C.E. 1977b Ancient grooved stone axes from an alluvial terrace on Stonewall Creek, Kimberley, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 60:23–30.

1974

Dortch, C.E. 1974a A twelve-thousand-year-old occupation floor in Devils Lair, Western Australia. Mankind 9:195–205.

1978

Dortch, C.E. 1974b Archaeology of the Gallus site, Koonalda Cave. Anthropological Forum 3:338–339.

Bindon, P., C. Dortch and G. Kendrick 1978 A 2500-year-old pseudo shell midden on Long Reach Bay, Rottnest island, WA. Australian Archaeology 8:162–171.

1975

Clarke, J., W. Dix, C. Dortch and K. Palmer 1978 Aboriginal sites on Millstream Station, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 6:221–257.

Cleverly, W.H. and C.E. Dortch 1975 Australites in archaeological sites in the Ord Valley, WA. Search 6:242–243.

Dortch, C.E. 1975a Geometric microliths from a dated archaeological deposit near Northcliffe, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 58:59–63. Dortch, C.E. 1975b Archaeology: Devils Lair. Department of Aboriginal Affairs Newsletter 11:14–19. Dortch, C.E. 1975c Recent research in southwestern prehistory. Australian Archaeological Association Newsletter 3:17–19.

Glover, J., C.E. Dortch and B.E. Balme 1978 The Dunsborough implement: An Aboriginal biface from south Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 60:41–47. Wyrwoll, K-H. and C.E. Dortch 1978 Stone artefacts and an associated Diprotodontid mandible from the Greenough River, Western Australia. Search 9:411–413.

1979 Dortch, C.E. 1979a Australia’s oldest ornaments. Antiquity 53:39–43.


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Dortch, C.E. 1979c 33,000-year-old stone and bone artefacts from Devils Lair, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 7:329–367. Dortch, C.E. 1979d Derivation of Kimberley tektites and an indochinite. The Artefact 4:84.

1980 Bordes, F., C. Dortch, J-P. Raynal and C. Thibault 1980 Quaternaire et préhistoire dans le bassin de la Murchison (Australie occidentale). Comptes Rendues de l’Académie des Sciences Paris 291:39–42. THEMED SECTION

Dortch, C.E. 1980a Are there Aboriginal shell middens in south Western Australia? Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Newsletter 14:26–30.

Dortch, C.E. 1985a Walga Rock and Billibillong Spring. Australian Archaeology 18:91. Dortch, C.E. 1985b The Malimup middens: Evidence for mollusc eating in prehistoric south Western Australia. In V.N. Misra and P. Bellwood (eds), Recent Advances in IndoPacific Prehistory, pp.251–256. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH. Dortch, C.E. and W.M. McArthur 1985 Apparent association of bryozoan chert artefacts and quartz geometric microliths at an open-air site, Arumvale, south Western Australia. Australian Archaeology 21:74–90.

1986 Dortch, C. E. 1986a Excavations outside the former (north) entrance to Devils Lair, southwestern Australia. Australian Archaeology 23:62–69. Dortch, C.E. 1986b An 11,000 bp radiocarbon date from the Arumvale site, southwestern Australia. Australian Archaeology 23:70–72.

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Dortch, C.E. 1980b Phases and traditions in Australian stone industries. The Artefact 5:105–108.

1985

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Dortch, C.E. 1979b Devils Lair, an example of prolonged cave use in southwestern Australia. World Archaeology 10:258–279.

Dortch, C.E. 1980c A possible pendant of marl from Devils Lair, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 8:401–403.

Dortch, C.E. and B.G. Muir 1980 Long range sightings of bush fires as a possible incentive for Pleistocene voyages to Greater Australia. The Western Australian Naturalist 14:194–198.

1981

Dortch, C.E. 1981a Recognition of Indigenous development and external diffusion in Australian prehistory. Australian Archaeology 12:27–32. Dortch, C.E. 1981b François Bordes. Australian Archaeology 12:106.

1982

Bindon, P. and C.E. Dortch 1982 Dating problems at the Ellen Brook site. Australian Archaeology 14:13–17. Bordes, F., C.E. Dortch, J-P. Raynal, C. Thibault and P. Bindon 1983 Walga Rock and Billibilong Spring: Two archaeological sequences from the Murchison Basin, Western Australia. Australian Archaeology 17:1–26.

1983

1988

Dortch, C.E. 1988 The Kalgoorlie whale bone, a probable example of long range Aboriginal transport of a marine object. Records of the Western Australian Museum 14:145–149.

1990

Dortch, C.E. and I.M. Godfrey 1990 Aboriginal sites in a submerged landscape at Lake Jasper, southwestern Australia. Australian Archaeology 31:28–33. Dortch, C.E., G.J. Henderson and S.R. May 1990 Prehistoric human occupation sites submerged in Lake Jasper, south Western Australia. Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology 14:43–52.

1991

Dortch, C.E. 1991 Rottnest and Garden Island prehistory and the archaeological potential of the adjacent continental shelf, Western Australia. Australian Archaeology 33:38–43.

Dortch, C.E. and J.E. Glover 1983 The Scaddan Implement: A re-analysis of a probable Acheulian handaxe found in Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 10:319–334.

1993

1984

Glover, J.E., A.N. Bint and C.E. Dortch 1993 Typology, petrology and palynology of the Broke Inlet biface, a large flaked chert artefact from south Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 76:41–47.

Dortch, C. 1984 Devils Lair: A Study in Prehistory. Perth: Western Australian Museum. Dortch, C.E. and K. Morse 1984 Prehistoric stone artefacts on some offshore islands in Western Australia. Australian Archaeology 19:31–47. Dortch, C.E., G.W. Kendrick and K. Morse 1984 Aboriginal mollusc exploitation in southwestern Australia. Archaeology in Oceania 19:81–104. 84

Dortch, C.E. 1986c Correct provenance and radiocarbon age of an ‘early phase’ grindstone, Miriwun rockshelter, Kimberley, northwest Australia. Australian Archaeology 23:85.

Dortch, C.E. and M. Warwick 1993 The treasures of Lake Jasper. Sportsdiving 40:98–102.

1994 Dortch, C.E. 1994a Aboriginal artefacts on the offshore islands of south Western Australia. The Indian Ocean Review 7(2):36.


C.E. Dortch Publication List

Dortch, C.E. and P.A. Hesp 1994 Rottnest Island artefacts and palaeosols in the context of Greater Swan Region prehistory. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 77:25–32.

1995 Glover, J., R.J. Davey and C.E. Dortch 1995 A late Cretaceous chert nodule, apparently marine ballast, from Princess Royal Harbour, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 78:39–42.

Coastal Archaeology, pp.25–35. Research Papers in Archaeology and Natural History 31. Canberra: ANH Publications, Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University. Hesp, P.A., C.V. Murray-Wallace and C.E. Dortch 1999 Aboriginal occupation on Rottnest Island, Western Australia, provisionally dated by aspartic acid racemisation assay of land snails to greater than 50 ka. Australian Archaeology 49:7–12.

2000

Dortch, C.E. 1996b Lake Jasper’s pristine past and threatened present. The Greener Times August 1996:14–15.

2001

Dortch, C.E. and J. Dortch 1996 Review of Devils Lair artefact classification and radiocarbon chronology. Australian Archaeology 43:28–32.

Dortch, C.E. and M.V. Smith 2001 Grand hypotheses: Palaeodemographic modelling in Western Australia’s southwest. Archaeology in Oceania 36:34–45.

Dortch, C.E. and R.G. Roberts 1996 An evaluation of radiocarbon chronologies at Miriwun rockshelter and the Monsmont site, Ord Valley, east Kimberley, Western Australia. Australian Archaeology 42:24–34.

Dortch, J. and C. Dortch 2001 History from the caves. Landscope 17:40–47.

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Dortch, C.E. 1996a First voyages to Australia and Melanesia. The Indian Ocean Review 9:22–23.

Dortch, C.E. 2000 Past Aboriginal Hunter-Gatherer Economy and Territorial Organisation in Coastal Districts of Western Australia’s Lower Southwest. Unpublished PhD thesis, Centre for Archaeology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley.

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1996

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Dortch, C.E. 1994b Aboriginal fishing in south Western Australia. The Indian Ocean Review 7(3):20.

1997

Dortch, C.E. 1997a Prehistory Down Under: Archaeological investigations of submerged Aboriginal sites at Lake Jasper, Western Australia. Antiquity 71:116–123. Dortch, C.E. 1997b New perceptions of the chronology and development of Aboriginal estuarine fishing in south Western Australia. World Archaeology 29:15–35. Dortch, C.E. and J. Dortch 1997 Aboriginal occupation in the limestone caves and rockshelters of the LeeuwinNaturaliste Region: Research background and archaeological perspective. The Western Australian Naturalist 21:191–206.

Turney, C.S.M., M.I. Bird, L.K. Fifield, R.G. Roberts, M.A. Smith, C.E. Dortch, R. Grün, E. Lawson, L.K. Ayliffe, G.H. Miller, J. Dortch and R.G. Creswell 2001 Early human occupation at Devils Lair, southwestern Australia 50,000 years ago. Quaternary Research 55:3–13.

2002

Dortch, C.E. 2002a Modelling past Aboriginal huntergatherer socio-economic and territorial organisation in Western Australia’s lower southwest. Archaeology in Oceania 37:1–21. Dortch, C.E. 2002b Preliminary underwater survey for rock engravings and other sea floor sites in the Dampier Archipelago, Pilbara region, Western Australia. Australian Archaeology 54:37–42.

1998

Dortch, C.E. 1998a The erosion factor in archaeological investigations of prehistoric occupation deposits on the sea floor. Australian Archaeology 47:30–32.

Dortch, C.E. 1998b Cultural sensibilities and archaeological actualities. Australian Archaeology 47:66–67.

1999

Dortch, C.E. 1999a Roman Britain. In M.V. Smith (ed.), Ancient Lives: Greeks, Romans and Etruscans, pp.31– 33. Perth: Western Australian Museum. Dortch, C.E. 1999b Archaeological assessment of Aboriginal estuarine fishing on the Southern Ocean coast of Western Australia. In J. Hall and I.J. McNiven (eds), Australian

Dortch, C.E. 2002c Evaluating the relative and absolute ages of submerged Aboriginal sites at Lake Jasper in Western Australia’s lower southwest. Australian Archaeology 55:8–17.

2006

Dortch, J., C. Dortch and R. Reynolds 2006 Investigation of Aboriginal fish-traps at Oyster Harbour, south Western Australia. Australian Archaeology 61:38–43.

2012 Dortch, C. and J. Dortch 2012 Archaeological evidence for early human presence in the western reaches of the Greater Swan Region. Fremantle Studies 7:51–76.


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