quality-underground-water-west-bank-and-its ... - An-Najah journals

2 downloads 0 Views 963KB Size Report
Chimecal analysis was carried out on underground water samples taken from 192 wells, distributed throughout the West Bank of Jordan. The samples were ...
M. S. All Shtayeh dc N. Abu Hijleh

An-Najah J. Res., Vol. II, No. 8,(1994)

1.1,, _#A.1 1 1a.,Ql Zeilij at.=

QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN THE WEST BANK AND ITS SUITABILITY FOR IRRIGATION BY M. S. Ali Shtayeh, Nihayeh Abu Hijleh ABSTRACT Chimecal analysis was carried out on underground water samples taken from 192 wells, distributed throughout the West Bank of Jordan. The samples were collected twice; in 1982 and 1987. Water samples were classified on the basis of their salinity, sodium concentration, salinity hazard - sodium hazard, and suitability for irrigation. Water samples from different wells in different locAlities differed largely in their qualities. The results also showed a decline with time in water quality in the samples examined, especially in Jericho and the Jordan valley. The implications of the results on agriculture in the West Bank are also discussed.

IA 11'

r

I

1AV 2.:Attt, (,), Ay f t, L„1,421

4

; -LC

2144 .1 . JJOI

ry a ydt . v./.1J

. )

Cy• .;1

14.1%1 2■42.C%.0

cei C, JO 3 .

}94

Ltj I

LS

4■44. 044 .

1+4

2.1.;s11

- V

-

to.:11

r3611

-1



Quality Of Underground Water in The West Bank

.A.1

1.12.;_s

L,1 I L :, 141 I

I

I I

sp.zi I at .; I

co.i

r r

I . L..I

j

I

;I at jl....LaV

I

Ats.

I . LJJ

cstc

,

2.4 1.1J

J1 aiL.oYla

a....Ltsi I

-L.: LS . Xt I

I

als.

•1 1

j I

I

a.,. .

4)1

z).1 ,511 "

I I JI

Lam )



.3,112.--. sr:

J.CL:...1 I

aaid 1 vi a Yi y . J1

2

j

.

..1 I a L..

.2 1s. I .)./. J I

13 1S,...11

vi

61. j.t. 2.2- I .0... Jar e I

I

I _A, r' • •

...U. LI jj

.

.),A3

I

I • L. i I 2.1s.

1

; I

I J.. I „pi l -L2-1

.Lt-3 I

„Lys. L.,4-11

I y. 1+:—

r

1

L.1 s

j..01

.JJI j.A I ;

.)

z.N 1 14:1'-)L.'

Ler"

I zi, ;21 .s.P.J I Lt-- 1

a -L.

•s.c.,11 I

vi

I

L.,J I

I aJ l,J I a.. I j ..11 I

j.;

z-W...-arjI . 16

cr.)JI x.c. I :).J I LoLc.

81..JI

_) I •

I ..)..;.? "

11Y ce • LI..

I L.; J

io

r 1110 .0 1A 1.i L. A

I

•▪ An-Najah J. Res., Vol II, No. 8,(1994)

'1

I

*t

1 )

j Li I

J I jti.%1 .., L3,10

M. S. All Shtayeh & N. Abu Hijleh

.1,‘J

I

I zi.:2.1 I vi

. " I

I [

V.

t 0

r 3,

i ,1a)!:o1

Y

3.g. I ) 3J I

." W I L. LI

I j.:,) pH a.... j.1.20

: J Lzi I

I

I

I `( A .J i

r .[l

Li

a.

VA c.3,

- fr

A

.o

,12 :

J.12, VV /Li ) 01 (

Lsi 1S-4 WO r .[\ Lt.

)J

N-0 a a.,

i J-14.11 ia ‘:.nee":"J

XJ.

LiPiali ‘:"# . 1 :" I :[e.t.r.t1

:Salinity



.

Electrical conductivity (EC) v.;

.(r

Y Jt 1

col 11+ >

jt_fai

;

.(r

cr1(...*2-)

100 • • • 90 • to

. •









I.---;•..,Le ,...i



80 70 ►



1.4,..k..1---L_.

,----,i

• -.)--------i

e

1.-------,:,,,,T—..

60 1,



n



50.—





40 .

: • 71 1----2?

..2

—,

P

t..,

30.

.. t)........-----.,

20 ..

. •:.



, 4-r,...-:--••■•



• •



• a.

• . •

• ,• • • •

..•



..

.

x

.

.

• .., IN

IA $

• •

' .



.

• •

a

L,

V.'

...t

a

ar .. 1..a •

4

,i,

r

1r

r 0

I

500

1

1,000

i

I

1,500

2,000

I

2,500

( c,,--.-1, t.,,4-5.-r ...1--,..yaS) ,..,

Lftt j i

1V

2

3,000

1 3,500

6,000

Kfl .....„:5,..--t

•r



Quality Of Underground Water In The West Bank.

I 3.i.6.1 I sri

"..4 I • 1-1..-1 I

vi •

6,

t>‹••1.., J i "L i .!

I

6%) a-3-6"

iptt I a y jai I „0.11

44 : s.s.3

)

I

I r I

Yi

J I .L.J1

I

ill 14:-•

:

"t■-1

I

.1.► 2+1 I p.a.1 .

61,LJ

1

as ,LU

0;aA4

as. I j

a. U.

zi)(.7.■

.

. sos.11

se; ...alai I

I It..J I

s j 31.1.....1 I I .„.14....J I A.,3 I

X.

r

i.c.

L..11

"S.; A.2:1 111

\w

1.5

.r

.., I

.

LIN1 url.L j...."1 I .r.•11

- ;Ate I ,..; .4.1„11.„ r I 1.41l.ri 2

I

I At-c-_,-;

.0

J-1-•

M. S. Ali Shtayeh & N. Abu Flijleh

An-Najah J. Res., Vol. II, No. 8,(1994)

La...1 I 1-

American Public Health Association: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th ed. APHA, Washington D.C., 1975. 2United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Circular No. 784, The Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office. USDA, Washington D. C., 1948. 3USDA: Circular No. 969, The Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, USDA, Washington 1955. 4USDA: Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 197. The Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office. USDA, Washington D.C., 1958. 5- USDA, US Salinity Laboratory Staff : Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, Agriculture Handbook No. 60 [Rev. Ed.], USDA, Washington D.C., 1969. : r l.: 40.;b".c.. r 11AN ,,.,BSI S.:11.11 J...ail 2 .c.1);.11 : ,;10L.JI at) a ;..)".44.4 ) a r t a .v till p. ,vr 241--1.... A ,

.

. .1111 (

a

a

2.4.441... a

11